Genetic Structure of Populations Associated with Oil Palm at Neighboring Fields with Different Planting Ages in Malaysia.

is a basidiomycete pathogen of African oil palm () and the causal agent of basal stem rot (BSR) disease, which is the most destructive fungal disease of oil palm in Southeast Asia. The disease is fatal for infected palms and can result in 50 to 80% losses in oil yields because of a reduction in productive life span and a yield decline of infected oil palms. In this study, isolates collected from different locations and planting blocks with different palm ages were molecularly characterized using microsatellite genotyping.

Metabolic Profile of - Co-Cultures Revealed the Alkaloids, Flavonoids and Fatty Acids that Contribute to Anti-Ganoderma Activity.

In solving the issue of basal stem rot diseases caused by Ganoderma, an investigation of as a biological control agent that suppresses Ganoderma infection has gained our interest, as it is more environmentally friendly. Recently, the fungal co-cultivation has emerged as a promising method to discover novel antimicrobial metabolites. In this study, an established technique of co-culturing and was applied to produce and induce metabolites that have antifungal activity against .

Determining Soil Microbial Communities and Their Influence on Disease Incidences in Oil Palm () via High-Throughput Sequencing.

Basal stem rot (BSR), caused by , is the most devastating oil palm disease in South East Asia, costing US$500 million annually. Various soil physicochemical parameters have been associated with an increase in BSR incidences. However, very little attention has been directed to understanding the relationship between soil microbiome and BSR incidence in oil palm fields.

Biocontrol and Plant-Growth-Promoting Traits of and Consortium against Ganoderma Basal Stem Rot Disease of Oil Palm.

Basal stem rot (BSR) disease caused by basidiomycetous fungus is the most economically important disease in oil palms in South East Asia. Unfortunately, there is no single most effective control measure available. Tremendous efforts have been directed in incorporation of environmentally friendly biocontrol approaches in minimizing BSR disease.

Experimental mixture design as a tool to optimize the growth of various species cultivated on media with different sugars.

The influence of different medium components (glucose, sucrose, and fructose) on the growth of different isolates and species was investigated using mixture design. Ten sugar combinations based on three simple sugars were generated with two different concentrations, namely 3.3% and 16.

Scytalidium parasiticum sp. nov., a New Species Parasitizing on Ganoderma boninense Isolated from Oil Palm in Peninsular Malaysia.

A mycoparasite, Scytalidium parasiticum sp. nov., isolated from the basidiomata of Ganoderma boninense causing basal stem rot of oil palm in Johor, Malaysia, is described and illustrated.

Wetting properties of fungi mycelium alter soil infiltration and soil water repellency in a γ-sterilized wettable and repellent soil.

Soil water repellency (SWR) has a drastic impact on soil quality resulting in reduced infiltration, increased runoff, increased leaching, reduced plant growth, and increased soil erosion. One of the causes of SWR is hydrophobic fungal structures and exudates that change the soil-water relationship. The objective of this study was to determine whether SWR and infiltration could be manipulated through inoculation with fungi.

Natural fruit extracts as non-toxic fluorescent dyes for staining fungal chlamydospores.

Currently, most synthetic dyes utilized for fungal fluorescent staining are toxic, carcinogenic, or harmful to animals, humans, and the environment. This study proposes non-toxic extracts of fruits from the genera Rhamnus, Ribes, Sambucus, Viburnum, Sorbus and Beta as simple, safe, and ecological alternatives to chemical fluorescent dye for efficient staining of Fusarium chlamydospore cells using, as test strains, five different pathogenic Fusarium species.

qPCR quantification of Sphaerodes mycoparasitica biotrophic mycoparasite interaction with Fusarium graminearum: in vitro and in planta assays.

Sphaerodes mycoparasitica, a biotrophic mycoparasite of Fusarium species, improved wheat seed germination and seedling growth in vitro compared to Trichoderma harzianum, a necrotrophic mycoparasite. However, under phytotron conditions, both S. mycoparasitica and T.

Heat- and cold-shock responses in Fusarium graminearum 3 acetyl- and 15 acetyl-deoxynivalenol chemotypes.

Fusarium graminearum Schwabe is the primary cause of Fusarium head blight (FHB) in North America. Chemically distinct F. graminearum sub-populations can be identified based on the type or composition of deoxynivalenol (DON) mycotoxin derivatives, including 3-acetyl (3-ADON) and 15-acetyl (15-ADON).

Rapid detection of ciprofloxacin effects on Fusarium graminearum and F. avenaceum cells in modulating environmental pH using a reactive, non-toxic food-dye indicator.

The objective of the study was to assess the effect of ciprofloxacin antibiotic on the physiological or phenotypic characteristics of food-borne toxigenic Fusarium graminearum and F. avenaceum molds under in vitro conditions. In the presence of ciprofloxacin, Fusarium mycelia growth and morphology were altered based on the antibiotic concentration range used.

Sphaerodes mycoparasitica biotrophic mycoparasite of 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol- and 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol-producing toxigenic Fusarium graminearum chemotypes.

Fusarium spp. are economically important crop pathogens and causal agents of Fusarium head blight (FHB) of cereals worldwide. Of the FHB pathogens, Fusarium graminearum 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol (3-ADON) and 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol (15-ADON) are the most aggressive mycotoxigenic chemotypes, threatening food and feed quality as well as animal and human health.

Sphaerodes quadrangularis biotrophic mycoparasitism on Fusarium avenaceum.

Sphaerodes quadrangularis Garcia, Stchigel & Guarro was shown to be a facultative contact biotrophic mycoparasite of Fusarium avenaceum (Fr.) Sacc. (teleomorph: Gibberella avenacea Cooke) that established an intimate relationship with its host by producing hook-shaped and clamp-like attachment structures that appeared to derive nutrients and other essential factors from living host cells.

Sphaerodes mycoparasitica sp. nov., a new biotrophic mycoparasite on Fusarium avenaceum, F. graminearum and F. oxysporum.

A new species, Sphaerodes mycoparasitica (Ascomycetes, Melanosporales), was isolated from isolates of Fusarium avenaceum and Fusarium graminearum originating from wheat fields in Saskatchewan, and from Fusarium oxysporum originating from asparagus fields in Quebec, Canada. The species is characterized by a unique combination of ascospore size, shape (fusiform and triangular) and wall ornamentation (reticulate and smooth). Also, conidia are produced from simple phialides on the surface of ascoma peridial wall, on ascoma surrounding hyphae, and on irregularly branched conidiophores arising from hyphae.

A novel method for identifying hydrophobicity on fungal surfaces.

Fungal surface hydrophobicity has many ecological functions and water contact angles measurement is a direct and simple approach for its characterization. The objective of this study was to evaluate if in-vitro growth conditions coupled with versatile image analysis allows for more accurate fungal contact angle measurements. Fungal cultures were grown on agar slide media and contact angles were measured utilizing a modified microscope and digital camera setup.