Satellite Tracking Reveals the Speed Up of the Lacustrine Algal Bloom Drift in Response to Climate Change.

Satellite evidence indicates a global increase in lacustrine algal blooms. These blooms can drift with winds, resulting in significant changes of the algal biomass spatial distribution, which is crucial in bloom formation. However, the lack of long-term, large-scale observational data has limited our understanding of bloom drift.

Degradation of imidacloprid by UV-activated persulfate and peroxymonosulfate processes: Kinetics, impact of key factors and degradation pathway.

UV-activated persulfate (UV/PS) and peroxymonosulfate (UV/PMS) processes as alternative methods for removal of imidacloprid (IMP) were conducted for the first time. The reaction rate constants between IMP and the sulfate or hydroxyl radical were calculated as 2.33×10  or 2.

Impact of preoxidation of UV/persulfate on disinfection byproducts by chlorination of 2,4-Di-tert-butylphenol.

UV/persulfate (UV/PS) has been as an efficient method to remove many organic contaminants in water. However, little is known about the impact of UV/PS pretrement on the formation of disinfection byproducts (DBPs) during chlorination of 2,4-Di-tert-butylphenol (2,4-D). This research evaluated that UV/PS preoxidation of 2,4-D greatly decreased the DBPs generation during following chlorination.

Degradation of diethyl phthalate (DEP) by UV/persulfate: An experiment and simulation study of contributions by hydroxyl and sulfate radicals.

Degradation of diethyl phthalate (DEP) by ultraviolet/persulfate (UV/PS) process at different reaction conditions was evaluated. DEP can be degraded effectively via this process. Both tert-butyl (TBA) and methanol (MeOH) inhibited the degradation of DEP with MeOH having a stronger impact than TBA, suggesting sulfate radical () and hydroxyl radical (HO) both existed in the reaction systems studied.

Degradation of diclofenac by UV-activated persulfate process: Kinetic studies, degradation pathways and toxicity assessments.

Diclofenac (DCF) is the frequently detected non-steroidal pharmaceuticals in the aquatic environment. In this study, the degradation of DCF was evaluated by UV-254nm activated persulfate (UV/PS). The degradation of DCF followed the pseudo first-order kinetics pattern.

Adsorption and removal of clofibric acid and diclofenac from water with MIEX resin.

This study demonstrates the use of MIEX resin as an efficient adsorbent for the removal of clofibric acid (CA) and diclofenac (DCF). The adsorption performance of CA and DCF are investigated by a batch mode in single-component or bi-component adsorption system. Various factors influencing the adsorption of CA and DCF, including initial concentration, contact time, adsorbent dosage, initial solution pH, agitation speed, natural organic matter and coexistent anions are studied.

Characteristics of C-, N-DBPs formation from algal organic matter: role of molecular weight fractions and impacts of pre-ozonation.

Extracellular organic matter (EOM) and intracellular organic matter (IOM) of Microcystis aeruginosa have been reported to contribute to the formation of carbonaceous disinfection by-products (C-DBPs) and nitrogenous disinfection by-products (N-DBPs). Little is known about DBPs formation from different molecular weight (MW) fractions, especially for N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA). This study fractionated EOM and IOM into several MW fractions using a series of ultrafiltration membranes and is the first to report on the C-DBPs and N-DBPs formation from chlorination and chloramination of different MW fractions.

Chlorination and chloramination of tetracycline antibiotics: disinfection by-products formation and influential factors.

Formation of disinfection by-products (DBPs) from chlorination and chloramination of tetracycline antibiotics (TCs) was comprehensively investigated. It was demonstrated that a connection existed between the transformation of TCs and the formation of chloroform (CHCl3), carbon tetrachloride (CCl4), dichloroacetonitrile (DCAN) and dichloroacetone (DCAce). Factors evaluated included chlorine (Cl2) and chloramine(NH2Cl) dosage, reaction time, solution pH and disinfection modes.

Effect of chlorine dioxide on cyanobacterial cell integrity, toxin degradation and disinfection by-product formation.

Bench scale tests were conducted to study the effect of chlorine dioxide (ClO2) oxidation on cell integrity, toxin degradation and disinfection by-product formation of Microcystis aeruginosa. The simulated cyanobacterial suspension was prepared at a concentration of 1.0×10(6)cells/mL and the cell integrity was measured with flow cytometry.

Characterization of algal organic matters of Microcystis aeruginosa: biodegradability, DBP formation and membrane fouling potential.

Algal organic matters (AOM), including extracellular organic matters (EOM) and intracellular organic matters (IOM), were comprehensively studied in terms of their biodegradability, disinfection byproduct (DBP) formation potentials and membrane fouling. EOM and IOM were fractionated into hydrophobic (HP), transphilic (TP) and hydrophilic (HL) constituents. The HP, TP and HL fractions of EOM and IOM were highly biodegradable with BDOC/DOC ranging from 52.

Influence of hydrophobic/hydrophilic fractions of extracellular organic matters of Microcystis aeruginosa on ultrafiltration membrane fouling.

Fouling is a major obstacle to maintain the efficiency of ultrafiltration-based drinking water treatment process. Algal extracellular organic matters (EOMs) are currently considered as one of the major sources of membrane fouling. The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of different hydrophobic/hydrophilic fractions of EOM extracted from Microcystis aeruginosa on ultrafiltration membrane fouling at lab scale.

CoFe2O4 magnetic nanoparticles as a highly active heterogeneous catalyst of oxone for the degradation of diclofenac in water.

A magnetic nanoscaled catalyst cobalt ferrite (CoFe2O4) was successfully prepared and used for the activation of oxone to generate sulfate radicals for the degradation of diclofenac. The catalyst was characterized by transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffractometry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and vibrating sample magnetometer. The effects of calcination temperature, initial pH, catalyst and oxone dosage on the degradation efficiency were investigated.

Effects of different algaecides on the photosynthetic capacity, cell integrity and microcystin-LR release of Microcystis aeruginosa.

Bench scale tests were conducted to study the effects of four common algaecides, including copper sulfate, hydrogen peroxide, diuron and ethyl 2-methylacetoacetate (EMA) on the photosynthetic capacity, cell integrity and microcystin-LR (MC-LR) release of Microcystis aeruginosa. The release of potassium (K(+)) from cell membrane during algaecide exposure was also analyzed. The three typical photosynthetic parameters, including the effective quantum yield (Фe), photosynthetic efficiency (α) and maximal electron transport rate (rETRmax), were measured by a pulse amplitude modulated (PAM) fluorometry.

Inequality and polarization analysis of urban water use in the Yangtze River Delta area, China.

Inequality and polarization are terms usually used to describe the overall dispersion of income distribution and the phenomenon of a divided society with a disappearing middle class and increasing rich and poor populations. However, these terms have seldom been used in water sciences. In this paper, the concepts of inequality and polarization are employed to analyze the distribution of urban water use of different cities.