Synthesis of high surface area mesoporous ZnCl-activated cocoa ( L) leaves biochar derived pyrolysis for crystal violet dye removal.

Chemically activated cocoa leaves biochar (CLB) was successfully prepared from fallen cocoa leaves (CLs) ZnCl-activation and pyrolysis at 700 °C for sequestration of toxic crystal violet (CV) dye from aqueous solution. CLs and CLB were characterized using elemental analysis (CHN/O), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller method (BET), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The optimum conditions for effective removal of CV dye from aqueous solution (75.

Investigation of ordering phenomenon in Me-Pt (Me=Fe,Ni) liquid alloys.

The phase diagrams of Fe-Pt and Ni-Pt liquid alloy systems show the existence of FePt and NiPt intermetallic compounds, respectively, in their solid intermediate states, and the associative tendency between unlike atoms in these liquid alloys has been analysed using the self-association model. The concentration dependences of mixing properties such as the free energy of mixing, ; the concentration fluctuations, (0), in the long-wavelength limits; the chemical short-range order (CSRO) parameter, α; as well as the chemical diffusion, enthalpy and entropy of the mixing of Fe-Pt and Ni-Pt liquid alloys have been investigated to determine the nature of ordering in the liquid alloys. The results show that heterocoordination occurs in the alloys at all concentrations.