Renalase protects against podocyte injury by inhibiting oxidative stress and apoptosis in diabetic nephropathy.

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) presents a significant public health challenge due to its high rate of incidence and severe health consequences. Renalase has been identified as having renal-protective properties. A key contributor to albuminuria in DN patients is podocyte loss.

Pericyte activation accompanied by peritubular capillaries dysfunction and pericyte-to-myofibroblast transition is associated with renal fibrosis in diabetic nephropathy.

Background: Tubulointerstitial renal fibrosis is an essential feature of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Pericytes play a critical role in microvascular diseases and renal fibrogenesis. However, the role of pericytes in DN remains unclear.

MicroRNA-299-3p inhibits cell proliferation, motility, invasion and angiogenesis via VEGFA in upper tract urothelial carcinoma.

Background: Upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) is a rare tumor with extraordinarily different features between Eastern and Western countries. Vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGFA) was originally identified as a secreted signaling protein and regulator of vascular development and cancer progression. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of VEGFA by microRNA in UTUC.

Shape Dependence of Silver-Nanoparticle-Mediated Synthesis of Gold Nanoclusters with Small Molecules as Capping Ligands.

In this study, differently shaped silver nanoparticles used for the synthesis of gold nanoclusters with small capping ligands were demonstrated. Silver nanoparticles provide a reaction platform that plays dual roles in the formation of Au NCs. One is to reduce gold ions and the other is to attract capping ligands to the surface of nanoparticles.

MicroRNA-145-5p suppresses cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in upper tract urothelial carcinoma by targeting 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase/IMP cyclohydrolase.

Upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC), including renal, pelvic, and ureteral carcinoma, has a high incidence rate in Taiwan, which is different from that in Western countries. Therefore, it is imperative to elucidate the mechanisms underlying UTUC growth and metastasis. To explore the function of miR-145-5p in UTUC, we transfected the BFTC909 cell line with miR-145-5p mimics and analyzed the differences in protein levels by performing two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.

Renalase Prevents Renal Fibrosis by Inhibiting Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Down-Regulating GSK-3β/Snail Signaling.

Treating renal fibrosis is crucial to delaying chronic kidney disease. The glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β)/Snail pathway regulates renal fibrosis and Renalase can ameliorate renal interstitial fibrosis. However, it is not clear whether GSK-3β/Snail signaling affects Renalase action.

Regional immunity of chicken adipose tissue responds to secondary immunity induced by Newcastle disease vaccine via promoting immune activation and weakening lipid metabolism.

Adipose tissue (AT) is considered as a regional immune organ and plays an important role in the anti-infection immune response. However, the function and mechanism of chicken AT in response to secondary immune response remain poorly understood. Here, we used mRNA and microRNA (miRNA) sequencing technology to survey the transcriptomic landscape of chicken abdominal adipose tissue (AAT) during the first and second immunization with Newcastle disease virus (NDV) vaccine, and carried out bioinformatics analysis, such as Gene Ontology (GO) terms and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) functional enrichment analysis, protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis, and miRNA-mRNA integrated analysis.

Stress-induced immunosuppression affecting immune response to Newcastle disease virus vaccine through "miR-155-CTLA-4" pathway in chickens.

MiR-155 and CTLA-4 are important factors involved in the regulation of immune function. However, there is no report about their involvement in function regulation of stress-induced immunosuppression affecting immune response. In this study, the chicken model of stress-induced immunosuppression affecting immune response (simulation with dexamethasone and immunization with Newcastle disease virus (NDV) attenuated vaccine) was established, then the expression characteristics of miR-155 and gene were analyzed at several key time points during the processes of stress-induced immunosuppression affecting NDV vaccine immune response at serum and tissue levels.

Circulating miR-155, a potential regulator of immune responses to different vaccines in chicken.

Vaccination is one of effective means to prevent viral infectious diseases in poultry. However, the functions of circulating miRNAs in immune response remain unknown. In this study, miR-155, a key factor in the regulation of immune function, was selected to study its expression, potential function and mechanism in the 12-day-old chicken immune responses to three vaccines (avian influenza virus inactivated vaccine, Newcastle disease virus attenuated vaccine and infectious bursal disease virus attenuated vaccine), respectively.

Stress-Induced Immunosuppression Affects Immune Response to Newcastle Disease Virus Vaccine via Circulating miRNAs.

Studies have shown that circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) are important players in the immune response and stress-induced immunosuppression. However, the function and mechanism of stress-induced immunosuppression affecting the immune response to the Newcastle disease virus (NDV) vaccine remain largely unknown. This study analyzed the changes of 15 NDV-related circulating miRNAs at different immune stages by qRT-PCR, aiming to explore the key timepoints, potential biomarkers, and mechanisms for the functional regulation of candidate circulating miRNAs under immunosuppressed conditions.

Stress-induced immunosuppression affecting avian influenza virus vaccine immune response through miR-20a-5p/NR4A3 pathway in chicken.

Stress-induced immunosuppression is one of the most common hazards in poultry intensive production, which often leads to vaccination failure and severe economic losses. At present, there is no report about the function and mechanism of circulating miRNA on stress-induced immunosuppression affecting immune response. In this study, the changes of circulating miR-20a-5p under stress-induced immunosuppressive condition were analyzed by qRT-PCR, and the key time points, tissues and mechanisms for functional regulation of miR-20a-5p in the process of stress-induced immunosuppression affecting avian influenza virus (AIV) vaccine immune response were identified.

Synovial mesenchymal progenitor derived aggrecan regulates cartilage homeostasis and endogenous repair capacity.

Aggrecan is a critical component of the extracellular matrix of all cartilages. One of the early hallmarks of osteoarthritis (OA) is the loss of aggrecan from articular cartilage followed by degeneration of the tissue. Mesenchymal progenitor cell (MPC) populations in joints, including those in the synovium, have been hypothesized to play a role in the maintenance and/or repair of cartilage, however, the mechanism by which this may occur is unknown.

MicroRNA-375-3p Suppresses Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma Cell Migration and Invasion via Targeting Derlin-1.

Little is known regarding the molecular characterization of upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC). Novel therapeutic targets and prognostic predictors are imminent. In the present study, we aim to examine the oncogenic function and molecular mechanism of Derlin-1 in UTUC.

Stress-induced immunosuppression increases levels of certain circulating miRNAs and affects the immune response to an infectious bursal disease virus vaccine in chickens.

Stress-induced immunosuppression can affect the immune effect of vaccine. However, the mechanism of stress-induced immunosuppression affecting immune response to infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) vaccine in chicken is still unclear. In this study, thirteen IBDV related circulating miRNAs were selected to study their expressions, possible functions and mechanisms in dexamethasone (Dex)-induced immunosuppressed chicken vaccinated with IBDV attenuated vaccine.

Silver Nanoparticle-Mediated Synthesis of Fluorescent Thiolated Gold Nanoclusters.

A new strategy using silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) to synthesize thiolated Au NCs is demonstrated. The quasi-spherical Ag NPs serve as a platform, functioning as a reducing agent for Au (III) and attracting capping ligands to the surface of the Ag NPs. Glutathione disulfide (GSSG) and dithiothreitol (DTT) were used as capping ligands to synthesize thiolated Au NCs (glutathione-Au NCs and DTT-Au NCs).

High Transaldolase 1 expression predicts poor survival of patients with upper tract urothelial carcinoma.

Upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) is a rare tumor with an incidence that varies greatly between Eastern and Western countries. Transaldolase 1 (TALDO1) is a rate-limiting enzyme of the pentose phosphate pathway. In humans, aberrant TALDO1 activity has been implicated in various autoimmune diseases and malignancies; however, the function of TALDO1 in UTUC has not been previously investigated.

MiR-375: A novel multifunctional regulator.

MiR-375, a primitively described beta cell-specific miRNA, is confirmed to function as multi-functional regulator in diverse typical cellular pathways according to the follow-up researches. Based on the existing studies, miR-375 can regulate many functional genes and ectopic expressions of miR-375 are usually associated with pathological changes, and its expression regulation mechanism is mainly related to promoter methylation or circRNA. In this review, the regulatory functions of miR-375 in immunity, such as its relevance with macrophages, T helper cells and autoimmune diseases were briefly discussed.

Immune function of miR-214 and its application prospects as molecular marker.

MicroRNAs are a class of evolutionary conserved non-coding small RNAs that play key regulatory roles at the post-transcriptional level. In recent years, studies have shown that miR-214 plays an important role in regulating several biological processes such as cell proliferation and differentiation, tumorigenesis, inflammation and immunity, and it has become a hotspot in the miRNA field. In this review, the regulatory functions of miR-214 in the proliferation, differentiation and functional activities of immune-related cells, such as dendritic cells, T cells and NK cells, were briefly reviewed.

sp. nov. isolated from toxic dinoflagellate, .

A novel short-rod-shaped bacterial strain with poly-β-hydroxybutyric acid granules inside, designated as Z7-4, was isolated from a culture of a marine dinoflagellate with palytoxin-producing capacity, OS06, collected from the East China Sea. Cells of Z7-4 were Gram-stain-negative, non-motile, strictly aerobic, 0.9-1.

sp. nov., isolated from phycosphere microbiota of the toxin-producing dinoflagellate .

A Gram-negative, aerobic, non-motile, non-spore-forming and rod-shaped bacterium, named strain LZ-16-2, was isolated from the phycosphere microbiota of the paralytic shellfish poisoning toxin-producing marine dinoflagellate LZT09. Strain LZ-16-2 grew optimally at 28 °C at pH 6.5 and with 3 % (w/v) NaCl.

Resveratrol inhibits parathyroid hormone-induced apoptosis in human aortic smooth muscle cells by upregulating sirtuin 1.

Background: Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in patients with chronic kidney disease, so there is an urgent need to identify therapeutic targets to control the progression of cardiovascular disease. Apoptosis of aortic smooth muscle cells can promote cardiovascular disease, but the role of parathyroid hormone (PTH) and sirtuin 1 in the pathophysiology of apoptosis is still unclear.

Methods: Cultured human aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMCs) were stimulated with 10, 10, or 10 mol/L PTH for different days, apoptosis was measured by flow cytometry and sirtuin 1 and Bcl-2 protein levels in cell extracts were analyzed by western blotting.

C1q/tumor necrosis factor-related protein-3 improves renal fibrosis via inhibiting notch signaling pathways.

C1q/tumor necrosis factor-related protein-3 (CTRP3) has been extensively reported as an important role involved in antifibrosis, antiapoptosis, and anti-inflammation. However, the role of CTRP3 involved in renal fibrosis remains unclear. Our current study explored the role of CTRP3 in renal fibrosis and its underlying mechanisms by using serums and renal biopsy specimens from renal fibrosis patients and control subjects, rats models with the surgery of unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) and human renal proximal tubular epithelial cells (HRPTEpiCs).

Renalase contributes to protection against renal fibrosis via inhibiting oxidative stress in rats.

Background: Renal interstitial fibrosis (RIF) is a common pathway for progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) to end-stage renal disease. In our previous study, it has been provided that renalase can ameliorate renal interstitial fibrosis in unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) rats. The other mechanism of renalase to alleviate renal fibrosis should be explored.

Extramammary Paget Disease of the Vulva: A Case Series Examining Treatment, Recurrence, and Malignant Transformation.

Objectives: Extramammary Paget disease (EMPD) of the vulva is a rare lesion with a high recurrence rate ranging from 12% to 61%. The rate of underlying adenocarcinoma varies, but in the largest series was reported at 4%. Given the rarity of the disease there is a paucity of data to optimize treatment.