Background: Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is a progressive autoimmune liver disease. An inadequate response to ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) poses a high risk of progression toward end-stage liver disease. Gut dysbiosis has been implicated in PBC.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGlioblastoma, an aggressive brain tumor prevalent in adults, exhibits heterogeneity in its microstructures and vascular patterns. The delineation of its subregions could facilitate the development of region-targeted therapies. However, current unsupervised learning techniques for this task face challenges in reliability due to fluctuations of clustering algorithms, particularly when processing data from diverse patient cohorts.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFProlonged ventricular repolarization has been associated with cardiovascular disease. We sought to investigate the association of prolonged ventricular repolarization with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and the potential underlying neuropathological mechanisms in older adults. This cross-sectional study included 4328 dementia-free participants (age ≥ 65 years; 56.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBiochem Biophys Res Commun
October 2024
With the aging of the global demographic, the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis are becoming crucial issues. The gradual loss of self-renewal and osteogenic differentiation capabilities in bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) is one of the key factors contributing to osteoporosis. To explore the regulatory mechanisms of BMSCs differentiation, we collected bone marrow cells of femoral heads from patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty for single-cell RNA sequencing analysis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe pathological advancement of osteoporosis is caused by the uneven development of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) in terms of osteogenesis and adipogenesis. While the role of EEF1B2 in intellectual disability and tumorigenesis is well established, its function in the bone-fat switch of BMSCs is still largely unexplored. During the process of osteogenic differentiation, we observed an increase in the expression of EEF1B2, while a decrease in its expression was noted during adipogenesis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEstimated age from brain MRI data has emerged as a promising biomarker of neurological health. However, the absence of large, diverse, and clinically representative training datasets, along with the complexity of managing heterogeneous MRI data, presents significant barriers to the development of accurate and generalisable models appropriate for clinical use. Here, we present a deep learning framework trained on routine clinical data (N up to 18,890, age range 18-96 years).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: GEM (GTP-binding protein overexpressed in skeletal muscle) is one of the atypical small GTPase subfamily members recently identified as a regulator of cell differentiation. Abnormal chondrogenesis coupled with an imbalance in the turnover of cartilaginous matrix formation is highly relevant to the onset and progression of osteoarthritis (OA). However, how GEM regulates chondrogenic differentiation remains unexplored.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground & Aims: Macrophages are key elements in the pathogenesis of cholestatic liver diseases. Arid3a plays a prominent role in the biologic properties of hematopoietic stem cells, B lymphocytes and tumor cells, but its ability to modulate macrophage function during cholestasis remains unknown.
Methods: Gene and protein expression and cellular localization were assessed by q-PCR, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence staining and flow cytometry.
Human epiphyseal development has been mainly investigated through radiological and histological approaches, uncovering few details of cellular temporal genetic alternations. Using single-cell RNA sequencing, we investigated the dynamic transcriptome changes during post-conception weeks (PCWs) 15-25 of human distal femoral epiphysis cells. We find epiphyseal cells contain multiple subtypes distinguished by specific markers, gene signatures, Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis, and gene set variation analysis (GSVA).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) gene mutation is an essential biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of glioma. It is promising to better predict glioma genotype by integrating focal tumor image and geometric features with brain network features derived from MRI. Convolutional neural networks show reasonable performance in predicting IDH mutation, which, however, cannot learn from non-Euclidean data, e.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThis paper proposes a feature fusion algorithm for solving the path planning problem of multiple unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) using GPS and communication denial conditions. Due to the blockage of GPS and communication, UAVs cannot obtain the precise position of a target, which leads to the failure of path planning algorithms. This paper proposes a feature fusion proximal policy optimization (FF-PPO) algorithm based on deep reinforcement learning (DRL); the algorithm can fuse image recognition information with the original image, realizing the multi-UAV path planning algorithm without an accurate target location.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGenome-wide association studies have identified 19p13.3 locus associated with primary biliary cholangitis (PBC). Here we aim to identify causative variant(s) and initiate efforts to define the mechanism by which the 19p13.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Lipid dysregulation plays a fundamental role in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which is an emerging critical risk factor that aggravates hepatic ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. However, the specific lipids that mediate the aggressive I/R injury in NASH livers have not yet been identified.
Methods: The mouse model of hepatic I/R injury on NASH was established on C56B/6J mice by first feeding the mice with a Western-style diet to induce NASH, then the NASH mice were subjected to surgical procedures to induce hepatic I/R injury.
(1) Background: Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is an angioproliferative neoplasm typically appearing as angiomatous patches, plaques, and/or nodules on the skin. Dermoscopy and ultrasonography have been suggested as an aid in the diagnosis of KS, but there is little evidence in the literature, especially regarding its possible differential diagnoses. Our aim is to describe and compare the clinical, dermoscopic, and ultrasonographic features of KS and KS-like lesions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGlioblastoma is characterized by diffuse infiltration into the surrounding tissue along white matter tracts. Identifying the invisible tumour invasion beyond focal lesion promises more effective treatment, which remains a significant challenge. It is increasingly accepted that glioblastoma could widely affect brain structure and function, and further lead to reorganization of neural connectivity.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: To validate tumor volume-based imaging markers for predicting local recurrence-free survival (LRFS) in locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients, who underwent induction chemotherapy followed by definitive intensity-modulated radiotherapy.
Methods: We enrolled 145 patients with stage III-IVA nasopharyngeal carcinoma in this retrospective study. Pre-treatment tumor volume (V) and late-course volume (LCV) were measured based on the MRIs scanned before treatment and during the first 3 days in the sixth week of radiotherapy, respectively.
Clin Rev Allergy Immunol
December 2022
In autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), the persisting inflammation contributes to fibrosis progression, for which conventional biochemical markers manifest relatively unsatisfactory prediction. Herein, we assessed the value of serum CD48 (sCD48) as an indicator for inflammation and fibrosis in AIH type 1. The levels of sCD48 were detected first in an exploratory cohort using ELISA.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe utility of 2-diphenylphosphoryloxy-1,3-dienes for the construction of substituted six-membered nitrogen heterocycles is presented. These dienes undergo boron trifluoride-promoted aza-Diels-Alder reactions when reacted with imines or related species formed in situ using aldehydes and amine derivatives. The stability of the dienes allows this three-component reaction to be carried out with no special precautions to eliminate water or air.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Major depressive disorder (MDD) is common and often has sub-optimal response to treatment. Difficult-to-treat depression (DTD) is a new concept that describes 'depression that continues to cause significant burden despite usual treatment efforts'.
Aims: To identify patients with likely DTD in UK secondary care and examine demographic, disease and treatment data as compared with 'non-DTD' MDD patients.
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a metabolic disorder manifested in hepatic fat accumulation (hepatic steatosis) in the absence of heavy alcohol use. NAFLD consists of four major stages ranging from simple steatosis or non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) to more advanced stages, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), fibrosis, and cirrhosis. NFLAD may further advance to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFExosomes are nano-sized vesicles with abundant nucleic acids, proteins, lipids, and other regulatory molecules. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of BOEC-Exo on bovine in vitro oocyte maturation and in vitro embryo development. We found that a 3% Exo supplementation to IVM media significantly enhanced the oocyte maturation and reduced the accumulation of ROS in MII-stage bovine oocytes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAutoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is an inflammatory liver disease driven by the hyperactivation of various intrahepatic antigen-specific T cells due to a breach of immune tolerance. Studies in immunometabolism demonstrate that activated T cells harbor increased levels of reactive oxygen species that cause oxidative DNA damage. In this study, we assessed the potential of DNA damage repair enzyme MutT homolog 1 (MTH1) as a therapeutic target in AIH and karonudib as a novel drug for patients with AIH.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNat Mach Intell
September 2021
Radiomics refers to the high-throughput extraction of quantitative features from radiological scans and is widely used to search for imaging biomarkers for prediction of clinical outcomes. Current radiomic signatures suffer from limited reproducibility and generalizability, because most features are dependent on imaging modality and tumor histology, making them sensitive to variations in scan protocol. Here, we propose novel radiological features that are specially designed to ensure compatibility across diverse tissues and imaging contrast.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF: Increasing data suggests an interaction between bile acids and intestinal microbiota in the pathogenesis of primary biliary cholangitis (PBC). Bile acid sequestrants are widely used to bind bile acids in the intestinal lumen and are therefore posited to impact gut bacteria. Herein we aimed to investigate the effects of cholestyramine on the bile acid profile and gut microbiome in a cohort of icteric PBC patients.
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