Cadmium stimulated cooperation between bacterial endophytes and plant intrinsic detoxification mechanism in Lonicera japonica thunb.

Due to the intimate association between plant physiology and metabolism, the internal colonizing microbe (endophytes) community must be adjusted to support plant productivity in response to cell damage in plants under stress. However, how endophytes coordinate their activities with plant intrinsic mechanisms such as antioxidative systems and detoxification pathways during Cd accumulation remains unknown. In this hydroponic pot study, we investigated how exposure of Lonicera japonica.

The variability in CO fluxes at different time scales in natural and reclaimed wetlands in the Yangtze River estuary and their key influencing factors.

With the increasing pace of global warming, studies of the carbon cycle and carbon sink capacity of estuarine wetlands have received increasing attention. Estuarine wetlands are often located in economically developed and densely populated areas, and their reclamation has become an important way to acquire land resources. To explore the effect of reclamation on the carbon sink function of estuarine wetlands, the Chongming Dongtan reclaimed wetland and Jiuduansha natural wetland, which are located in the Yangtze River estuary, were selected to investigate their variabilities in carbon fluxes and the main influencing factors using the open path eddy covariance flux monitoring system.

Inhibitory effect of self-generated extracellular dissolved organic carbon on carbon dioxide fixation in sulfur-oxidizing bacteria during a chemoautotrophic cultivation process and its elimination.

The features of extracellular dissolved organic carbon (EDOC) generation in two typical aerobic sulfur-oxidizing bacteria (Thiobacillus thioparus DSM 505 and Halothiobacillus neapolitanus DSM 15147) and its impact on CO fixation during chemoautotrophic cultivation process were investigated. The results showed that EDOC accumulated in both strains during CO fixation process. Large molecular weight (MW) EDOC derived from cell lysis and decay was dominant during the entire process in DSM 505, whereas small MW EDOC accounted for a large proportion during initial and middle stages of DSM 15147 as its cytoskeleton synthesis rate did not keep up with CO assimilation rate.

Response of cbb gene transcription levels of four typical sulfur-oxidizing bacteria to the CO2 concentration and its effect on their carbon fixation efficiency during sulfur oxidation.

The variability in carbon fixation capability of four sulfur-oxidizing bacteria (Thiobacillus thioparus DSM 505, Halothiobacillus neapolitanus DSM 15147, Starkeya novella DSM 506, and Thiomonas intermedia DSM 18155) during sulfur oxidation was studied at low and high concentrations of CO2. The mechanism underlying the variability in carbon fixation was clarified by analyzing the transcription of the cbb gene, which encodes the key enzyme ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase. DSM 15147 and DSM 505 fixed carbon more efficiently during sulfur oxidation than DSM 506 and DSM 18155 at 0.

[Response of Soil Respiration and Organic Carbon to Returning of Different Agricultural Straws and Its Mechanism].

Soybean, maize and rice straws were selected as raw materials to study the response of the soil respiration (SR) and soil organic carbon (SOC) to returning of different straws in the Chongming Dongtan area. The results showed that all of SR, SOC and the plant biomass of the lands with returning of different straws were higher than those of the controls. The soil with soybean straw returning possessed the lowest SR and highest SOC among the three kinds of straws, meaning its higher soil organic carbon sequestration capability than corn and maize straws returning.

The variability and causes of organic carbon retention ability of different agricultural straw types returned to soil.

Retaining the organic carbon (C) content of agricultural straw when returned to soil is restricted by rapid decomposition. In order to clarify the difference in returned straw decomposition and the causes, and to develop a straw returning mode with high-efficiency of organic C accumulation, the decomposition processes of corn, soybean, rice and wheat straws were systematically studied in fields. When returned in situ (the original planting area), the C in soybean straw was decomposed most quickly with a decomposition constant of 0.

Salinity and nutrient contents of tidal water affects soil respiration and carbon sequestration of high and low tidal flats of Jiuduansha wetlands in different ways.

Soils were collected from low tidal flats and high tidal flats of Shang shoal located upstream and Xia shoal located downstream with different tidal water qualities, in the Jiuduansha wetland of the Yangtze River estuary. Soil respiration (SR) in situ and soil abiotic and microbial characteristics were studied to clarify the respective differences in the effects of tidal water salinity and nutrient levels on SR and soil carbon sequestration in low and high tidal flats. In low tidal flats, higher total nitrogen (TN) and lower salinity in the tidal water of Shang shoal resulted in higher TN and lower salinity in its soils compared with Xia shoal.

[Response of Straw and Straw Biochar Returning to Soil Carbon Budget and Its Mechanism].

Direct straw returning and straw carbonization returning are the main measures of straw returning. Because of the differences in structure and nature as well as returning process between straw and straw biochar, the soil respiration and soil carbon budget after returning must have significant differences. In this study, outdoor pot experiment was carried out to study the response of soil respiration and carbon budget to straw and straw biochar returning and its possible mechanism.

Interactions Between Autotrophic and Heterotrophic Strains Improve CO₂ Fixing Efficiency of Non-photosynthetic Microbial Communities.

Five autotrophic strains isolated from non-photosynthetic microbial communities (NPMCs), which were screened from oceans with high CO2 fixing capability, were identified as Ochrobactrum sp. WH-2, Stenotrophomonas sp. WH-11, Ochrobactrum sp.

Optimization of inorganic carbon sources to improve the carbon fixation efficiency of the non-photosynthetic microbial community with different electron donors.

As the non-photosynthetic microbial community (NPMC) isolated from seawaters utilized inorganic carbon sources for carbon fixation, the concentrations and ratios of Na2CO3, NaHCO3, and CO2 were optimized by response surface methodology design. With H2 as the electron donor, the optimal carbon sources were 270 mg/L Na2CO3, 580 mg/L NaHCO3, and 120 mg/L CO2. The carbon fixation efficiency in response to total organic carbon (TOC) was up to 30.

Feasibility of a two-step culture method to improve the CO2-fixing efficiency of nonphotosynthetic microbial community and simultaneously decrease the spontaneous oxidative precipitates from mixed electron donors.

When compared with H2, mixed electron donors (MED), comprising S(2-), S2O3 (2-), and NO2 (-), could generally improve the CO2-fixing efficiency of nonphotosynthetic microbial communities (NPMCs). However, a large amount of abiotic precipitates combined with bacteria produced during culture may be unfavorable for the recycling and reuse of bacteria. The main component of the abiotic precipitates is S(0), which influences the enrichment and reuse of bacteria but is not conducive for CO2 fixation in the subsequent step.

Variability of soil organic carbon reservation capability between coastal salt marsh and riverside freshwater wetland in Chongming Dongtan and its microbial mechanism.

Two representative zones in Chongming Dongtan which faced the Yangtze River and East China Sea respectively were selected to study the variability of soil organic carbon (SOC) reservation capability between coastal wetland and riverside wetland in the Chongming Dongtan wetland as well as its mechanism by analyzing soil characteristics and plant biomass. The results showed the SOC content of riverside wetland was only 48.61% (P = 0.

Organic carbon accumulation capability of two typical tidal wetland soils in Chongming Dongtan, China.

We measured organic carbon input and content of soil in two wetland areas of Chongming Dongtan (Yangtze River Estuary) to evaluate variability in organic carbon accumulation capability in different wetland soils. Observed differences were investigated based on the microbial activity and environmental factors of the soil at the two sites. Results showed that the organic carbon content of wetland soil vegetated with Phragmites australis (site A) was markedly lower than that with P.

[Establishment of microarray for detecting mutation in HBV pre-core/core and basic core promoter regions].

Objective: To develop a sensitive and specific microarray for detecting mutations of HBV pre-core/core and basic core promoter regions in the clinic.

Methods: Site-specific oligonucleotide probes were designed and immobilized to microarray slides and hybridized to HBV gene fragments amplified with specific biotin-labeled primer using asymmetrical PCR. The specificity and sensitivity of the method were estimated.

Enhanced CO2 fixation by a non-photosynthetic microbial community under anaerobic conditions: optimization of electron donors.

To enhance the CO(2) fixation efficiency of the non-photosynthetic microbial community (NPMC) isolated from sea water under anaerobic conditions without hydrogen, the concentration of inorganic compounds as electron donors and their ratios were optimized by response surface methodology design (RSMD). The results indicated that the CO(2) fixation efficiency of NPMC using NaNO(2), Na(2)S(2)O(3) and Na(2)S as the electron donors was increased about 90%, 75% and 207%, respectively. Additionally, there were interactions between two electron donors and three electron donors.

Matching different inorganic compounds as mixture of electron donors to improve CO2 fixation by nonphotosynthetic microbial community without hydrogen.

The dominant bacteria in nonphotosynthetic microbial community (NPMC) isolated from the ocean were identified by PCR-DGGE. The results revealed that the dominant microorganisms in cultures of NPMC differed when Na(2)S, Na(2)S(2)O(3), and NaNO(2) were used as the electron donor to reduce CO(2). These findings implied that different microorganisms in the NPMC respond to different inorganic compound as suitable electron donor, indicating that matching of Na(2)S, Na(2)S(2)O(3), and NaNO(2) may provide mixed electron donors that increase the ability of NPMC to fix CO(2).

Optimization of electron donors to improve CO2 fixation efficiency by a non-photosynthetic microbial community under aerobic condition using statistical experimental design.

To improve the CO(2) fixation efficiency of non-photosynthetic microbial community (NPMC) isolated from sea water under aerobic conditions without hydrogen, the concentration of inorganic compounds as electron donors and their ratios were optimized using response surface methodology design (RSMD). These results indicated that Na(2)S, followed by Na(2)S(2)O(3) and NaNO(2) enhanced the CO(2) fixation by NPMC and the efficiency was increased about 100%, 200% and 200%, respectively. Some interaction between NaNO(2) and Na(2)S(2)O(3), as well as between Na(2)S(2)O(3) and Na(2)S was observed.

[Breeding, optimization and community structure analysis of non-photosynthetic CO2 assimilation microbial flora].

Isolation and screening from sea water and sediments, and the optimization of electron donor and inorganic carbon source structure were performed for obtaining microbial flora with high efficient inorganic carbon fixation without the light and hydrogen. In addition, the structure of the microbial flora was studied through 16S rDNA sequence analysis and contrast for providing theoretical basis to improve carbon fixation efficiency through optimizing microbial flora structure. The result showed that non-photosynthetic microbial flora with the capacity of inorganic carbon fixation under the general aerobic and anaerobic conditions could be obtained from the sea by long-term domestication and isolation.

[Difference and its formation cause in soil organic carbon accumulation capability of two typical tidal wetlands at Dongtan of Chongming Island in Shanghai].

Through the analyses of soil organic carbon content and vegetation input, this paper studied the difference in soil organic carbon accumulation capability of two typical tidal wetlands, one (A) was on the erosion bank with Phragmites communis and sandy loam soil at southeast Dongtan in Shanghai, and the other (B) was on the alluvial bank with P. communis, Spartina alterniflora, and clay soil at northeast Dongtan of Chongming Island. The main formation causes of the difference were analyzed based on the determinations of soil microbial activities and physical-chemical properties.

Waste recombinant DNA: effectiveness of thermo-treatment to manage potential gene pollution.

Heating at 100 degrees C for 5-10 min is a common method for treating wastewater containing recombinant DNA in many bio-laboratories in China. In this experiment, plasmid pET-28b was used to investigate decay efficiency of waste recombinant DNA during thermo-treatment. The results showed that the decay half-life of the plasmid was 2.

Evaluation of the effectiveness and safety of the thermo-treatment process to dispose of recombinant DNA waste from biological research laboratories.

The discharge of recombinant DNA waste from biological laboratories into the eco-system may be one of the pathways resulting in horizontal gene transfer or "gene pollution". Heating at 100 degrees C for 5-10 min is a common method for treating recombinant DNA waste in biological research laboratories in China. In this study, we evaluated the effectiveness and the safety of the thermo-treatment method in the disposal of recombinant DNA waste.

Determination of cobalt at ng ml(-1) level in water using the electrophilic substiution complexation between co(II) and chlorophosphonazo-p-CL-Cu(II) complex.

The chromophore chlorophosphonazo-p-Cl (PCCPA) was used to complex Co(II) and Cu(II) at pH 9.18. The formation of Co(PCCPA)2 and Cu(PCCPA)2 complexes were characterized by the spectral correction technique.