Apolipoprotein B Modifies the Association between Lipoprotein(a) and ASCVD Risk.

Background: Elevated lipoprotein(a) (Lp[a]) and apolipoprotein B (apoB) are individually associated with the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Moreover, previous basic research has implicated the potential interaction between apoB and Lp(a) in the atherogenic process. We aimed to determine whether apoB levels significantly modulate ASCVD risk associated with Lp(a) in a large community-based population without baseline cardiovascular disease.

A fast solid-phase microextraction scheme for in vivo monitoring of bio-accumulation and bio-transformation of arbidol in living plants.

Large quantity of the antiviral drug arbidol is used for resisting virus infection like the Corona Virus Disease 2019 and influenza, resulting in unanticipated environmental pollution. Herein, to investigate the environmental risks of the unanticipated arbidol contamination, a novel in vivo sampling probe was developed based on a bromo-substituted porous organic polymer (Br-POP) and then adopted for tracking the bio-accumulation and bio-transformation of arbidol in living plants by coupling with a nano-electrospray ionization fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (Nano-ESI-FT-ICR-MS) method. The established method showed good extraction performance towards arbidol with limit of detection (LOD) of 0.

Causal Association of Golgi Protein 73 With Coronary Artery Disease: Evidence from Proteomics and Mendelian Randomization.

Identification of the unknown pathogenic factor driving atherosclerosis not only enhances the development of disease biomarkers but also facilitates the discovery of new therapeutic targets, thus contributing to the improved management of coronary artery disease (CAD). We aimed to identify causative protein biomarkers in CAD etiology based on proteomics and 2-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) design. Serum samples from 33 first-onset CAD patients and 31 non-CAD controls were collected and detected using protein array.

Cardiac autonomic neuropathy modified the association between obesity and hypoglycemia in type 2 diabetes.

Background: Previous studies have shown that increasing body mass index (BMI) was associated with decreased hypoglycemia in type 2 diabetes, but it remains uncertain whether this finding could be applied to patients with and without cardiac autonomic neuropathy (CAN).

Methods: The study included 7789 participants with type 2 diabetes from action to control cardiovascular risk in diabetes (ACCORD) trail. CAN was defined as SDNN < 8.

Toxicity Assessment of Environmental Liquid Crystal Monomers: A Bacteriological Investigation on and .

The widespread existence of liquid crystal monomers (LCMs) in various environmental matrices has been demonstrated, yet studies on the toxicological effects of LCMs are considerably scarce and are urgently needed to be conducted to assess the adverse impacts on ecology and human health. Here, we conducted a bacteriological study on two representative human commensal bacteria, () and (), to investigate the effect of LCMs at human-relevant dosage and maximum environmental concentration on growth, metabolome, enzymatic activity, and mRNA expression. Microbial growth results exhibited that the highest inhibition ratio of LCMs on reached 33.

New Insights into Rate Control: Time in Target Range of Resting Heart Rate and Major Adverse Outcomes in Atrial Fibrillation.

Background: Few studies have examined the relationship between the fluctuation of heart rate control over time and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with atrial fibrillation. Our study sought to evaluate the independent association between time in target range (TIR) of resting heart rate and cardiovascular outcomes in the AFFIRM (Atrial Fibrillation Follow-Up Investigation of Rhythm Management) study.

Methods: Target range of resting heart was defined as less than 80 beats per minute (bpm) for both rate and rhythm control groups.

Interplay of heart rate variability and resting heart rate on mortality in type 2 diabetes.

Aims: Heart rate variability (HRV) and resting heart rate (RHR) are usually analyzed and interpreted separately. We aimed to assess the interplay of HRV and RHR on mortality in type 2 diabetes.

Methods: The study included 7,529 participants from the Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes (ACCORD) trial.

Intensive Glycemic Therapy in Type 2 Diabetes Patients With Cardiac Autonomic Dysfunction: The ACCORD Trial.

Objective: To assess whether the presence of cardiac autonomic dysfunction denoted by low heart rate variability (HRV) modifies the effect of intensive glycemic therapy on outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Patients And Methods: This study included 7946 participants in the ACCORD (Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes) trial from January 2001 through June 2009. Heart rate variability measures included standard deviation of all normal-to-normal intervals (SDNN) and root mean square of successive differences between normal-to-normal intervals (rMSSD).

Effect of blood pressure index on clinical outcomes in patients with heart failure and chronic kidney disease.

Aims: This study aimed to assess the effect of blood pressure (BP) index, in terms of level and variability, on the progression of cardiovascular and renal diseases in patients with both heart failure (HF) and chronic kidney disease (CKD).

Methods And Results: The study involved patients with HF and CKD from the database of the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort (CRIC) study. The study endpoint includes the following: (i) primary endpoint, including cardiovascular disease (CVD) events, renal events, and all-cause death; (ii) CVD events; (iii) renal events; and (iv) all-cause death.

Association between the insulin resistance and all-cause mortality in patients with moderate and severe aortic stenosis: a retrospective cohort study.

Background: The triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index is a reliable surrogate marker of insulin resistance (IR). However, whether the TyG index has prognostic value in patients with moderate to severe aortic stenosis (AS) remains unclear.

Methods: This study enrolled 317 patients with moderate to severe AS at the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University.

Serum Klotho Modifies the Associations of 25-Hydroxy Vitamin D With All-Cause and Cardiovascular Mortality.

Background: The association between 25-hydroxyvitamin D and mortality remains controversial. Klotho, a biomarker of vitamin D activation and metabolism, may play a key role in this association. However, it is unclear whether the association between vitamin D deficiency and mortality risk is modified by klotho levels.

Volatile/semi-volatile metabolites profiling in living vegetables via a novel covalent triazine framework based solid-phase microextraction fiber coupled with GC-QTOF-MS.

An in vivo solid-phase microextraction (SPME) fiber with high-coverage capture capacity of plant endogenous substances based on the porous covalent triazine framework (CTF) material was developed. The CTF fiber coupled with gas chromatographic quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometer (GC-QTOF-MS) analysis was used for monitoring untargeted endogenous metabolites in living Chinese cabbage plants (Brassica campestris L. ssp.

Alirocumab effect on preventing periprocedural ischaemic events in coronary heart disease patients undergoing coronary stenting (APPEASE trial): study protocol of a multicentre, open-label, randomised controlled trial.

Introduction: Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI)-related myocardial infarction (type 4a MI) and major periprocedural myocardial injury have been demonstrated leading to poor prognosis of patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) undergoing elective PCI and still remain high occurrence even after the therapy of dual antiplatelet agents and statins. Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibitor alirocumab has been shown to be effectively in reducing the risk of acute MI (AMI). However, the effect of alirocumab on preventing PCI-related MI or major periprocedural myocardial injury in patients with CHD undergoing elective PCI remains uncertain.

Predictive performance of established cardiovascular risk scores in the prediabetic population: external validation using the UK Biobank data set.

Aims: Prediabetes is a highly heterogenous metabolic state with increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Current guidelines raised the necessity of CVD risk scoring for prediabetes without clear recommendations. Thus, this study aimed to systematically assess the performance of 11 models, including five general population-based and six diabetes-specific CVD risk scores, in prediabetes.

Visceral adiposity index and the risk of heart failure, late-life cardiac structure, and function in ARIC study.

Background: It is well established that obesity is associated with the risk of heart failure (HF). However, the data about relationship between visceral fat and the risk of HF are limited.

Aims: We aim to evaluate the association between visceral obesity assessed by visceral adiposity index (VAI) and incident HF and left ventricular (LV) structure and function in Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study.

Lesion detection of chest X-Ray based on scalable attention residual CNN.

Most of the research on disease recognition in chest X-rays is limited to segmentation and classification, but the problem of inaccurate recognition in edges and small parts makes doctors spend more time making judgments. In this paper, we propose a lesion detection method based on a scalable attention residual CNN (SAR-CNN), which uses target detection to identify and locate diseases in chest X-rays and greatly improves work efficiency. We designed a multi-convolution feature fusion block (MFFB), tree-structured aggregation module (TSAM), and scalable channel and spatial attention (SCSA), which can effectively alleviate the difficulties in chest X-ray recognition caused by single resolution, weak communication of features of different layers, and lack of attention fusion, respectively.

In Vivo Profiling and Quantification of Chlorinated Paraffin Homologues in Living Fish.

Herein, we demonstrate the ability of a dual-purpose periodic mesoporous organosilica (PMO) probe to track the complex chlorinated paraffin (CP) composition in living animals by assembling it as an adsorbent-assisted atmospheric pressure chemical ionization Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (APCI-FT-ICR-MS) platform and synchronously performing it as the in vivo sampling device. First, synchronous solvent-free ionization and in-source thermal desorption of CP homologues were achieved by the introduction of the PMO adsorbent-assisted APCI module, generating exclusive adduct ions ([M - H]) of individual CP homologues (CCl) with enhanced ionization efficiency. Improved detection limits of short- and medium-chain CPs (0.

Risk score for coronary heart disease (CHD-RISK) and hemodynamically significant aortic valve stenosis.

Background And Aim: Multiple studies have investigated the association between coronary heart disease (CHD) risk factors and aortic valve stenosis (AS). However, limited studies have explored the relationship between CHD risk scores and AS. Whether incident risk scores for coronary heart disease (CHD-RISK) may be applied to predict AS remains unclear.

Effect of intensive lifestyle intervention on the association between weight variability and major adverse cardiovascular events in overweight or obese adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Aims/introduction: Weight variability is associated with cardiovascular outcomes in diabetic patients. However, whether the guideline-recommended intensive lifestyle intervention (ILI) will affect this association in overweight or obese adults with diabetes is not well established.

Materials And Methods: In 3,859 participants from the Action for Health in Diabetes (Look AHEAD) trial, the associations of 4 year weight variability measured by variability independent of the mean (VIM) with major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE) and secondary outcomes in ILI and diabetes support & education (DSE) arm were evaluated.

Intensity of hypertensive exposure in young adulthood and subclinical atherosclerosis in middle age: Evidence from the CARDIA study.

Background: Chronically high blood pressure (HBP) is a known risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. We measured the intensity of hypertensive exposure in young adults and calculated its prognostic significance for subclinical atherosclerosis in middle age.

Methods: The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study enrolled 5,115 healthy black and white Americans who were 18-30 years old at baseline (1985-1986).

Identification of Novel Phenotypes Correlated with CKD: A Phenotype-Wide Association Study.

A comprehensive understanding of phenotypes related to CKD will facilitate the identification and management of CKD. We aimed to panoramically test and validate associations between multiple phenotypes and CKD using a phenotype-wide association study (PheWAS). 15,815 subjects from cross-sectional cohorts of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1999-2006) were randomly 50:50 split into training and testing sets.

Association between serum cystatin C and early impairment of cardiac function and structure in type 2 diabetes patients with normal renal function.

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients may have cardiac remodeling and dysfunction from the early stage of disease. This study aimed to determine the association between cystatin C (CysC) and early cardiac functional or structural impairment in T2DM patients without renal dysfunction.

Methods: A total of 1135 T2DM patients without renal dysfunction and known heart diseases were included in our study.

Mid- to Late-Life Time-Averaged Cumulative Blood Pressure and Late-Life Retinal Microvasculature: The ARIC Study.

Background The associations of time-averaged cumulative blood pressure (BP) from midlife to late life with microvasculature expressed as retinal vessel diameters is not well studied. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of cumulative systolic BP and diastolic BP (DBP) with retinal vessel calibers, focusing on race differences. Methods and Results The analysis included 1818 adults from the ARIC (Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities) study attending the fifth visit (2011-2013; age 77±5 years, 17.