Scramblases and virus infection.

The asymmetric distribution of lipids, maintained by flippases/floppases and scramblases, plays a pivotal role in various physiologic processes. Scramblases are proteins that move phospholipids between the leaflets of the lipid bilayer of the cellular membrane in an energy-independent manner. Recent studies have indicated that viral infection is closely related to cellular lipid distribution.

Holothuria Leucospilota polysaccharides alleviate hyperlipidemia via alteration of lipid metabolism and inflammation-related gene expression.

Hyperlipemia is becoming a chronic disease that threatens human health. At the same time, people pay more and more attention to hyperlipemia. Holothuria Leucospilota polysaccharide (HLP) has been reported to ameliorate hyperlipidemia in high-fat diet-induced rats.

Beneficial Effects of Polysaccharides on Fermentability In Vivo and In Vitro.

This work aimed to investigate the in-vitro and in-vivo fermentation behaviors of (HLP) and the impact on mouse liver antioxidant activity. HLP showed excellent fermentability during in vitro experiments, which was characterized by increased levels of total sugar consumption and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). During in vitro fecal fermentation, the fucose contents in the HLP fermentation products (0.

TMEM41B and VMP1 are phospholipid scramblases.

TMEM41B and VMP1, two endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident transmembrane proteins, play important roles in regulating the formation of lipid droplets (LDs), autophagy initiation, and viral infection. However, the biochemical functions of TMEM41B and VMP1 are unclear. A lipids distribution screen suggested TMEM41B and VMP1 are critical to the normal distribution of cholesterol and phosphatidylserine.

TMEM41B and VMP1 are scramblases and regulate the distribution of cholesterol and phosphatidylserine.

TMEM41B and VMP1 are integral membrane proteins of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and regulate the formation of autophagosomes, lipid droplets (LDs), and lipoproteins. Recently, TMEM41B was identified as a crucial host factor for infection by all coronaviruses and flaviviruses. The molecular function of TMEM41B and VMP1, which belong to a large evolutionarily conserved family, remains elusive.

Sweet potato starch addition together with partial substitution of tilapia flesh effectively improved the golden pompano (Trachinotus blochii) surimi quality.

In order to improve the gel performance and edible quality of surimi for sustainable manufacture, the present study explored the feasibility of four kinds of starchs (potato, corn, sweet potato, and wheat) and fresh water fish tilapia as additives for golden pompano based surimi production. Sweet potato starch stood out as the most appropriate additive for golden pompano surimi due to the highest gel strength, lowest expressible moisture content and more compact microstructure. When the tilapia flesh substitution ratio reached 30%, best gel property of tilapia-golden pompano compound surimi with best texture property and whiteness value was achieved.

A sea cucumber (Holothuria leucospilota) polysaccharide improves the gut microbiome to alleviate the symptoms of type 2 diabetes mellitus in Goto-Kakizaki rats.

Diabetes mellitus has become a worldwide concern in recent years. In this study, the effect of Holothuria leucospilota polysaccharide (HLP) on type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) was investigated in Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats. The results showed that HLP significantly improved glucose intolerance and regulated blood lipid and hormone levels (p < 0.

Polysaccharides Ameliorate Hyperlipidemia in High-Fat Diet-Induced Rats via Short-Chain Fatty Acids Production and Lipid Metabolism Regulation.

polysaccharides (HLP) are expected to become potential resources for the treatment of hyperlipidemia because of their various bioactivities. In the study, the treatment of HLP on improving hyperlipidemia in rats was explored. Oral administration of HLP at 100 or 200 mg/kg body weight effectively alleviated serum lipid levels and liver histological abnormalities in high-fat-diet rats.

The effects of EGCG on the mechanical, bioactivities, cross-linking and release properties of gelatin film.

The effects of (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) on the mechanical, antioxidative, antimicrobial, cross-linking and release properties of gelatin film were evaluated. The biofilm exhibited excellent antioxidant and antibacterial activities against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli in the presence of EGCG at more than 3%. With the increasing content of EGCG (1%-5%), higher denaturation temperature (66.

Stem of SL1 RNA in HIV-1: structure and nucleocapsid protein binding for a 1 x 3 internal loop.

The 5'-leader of HIV-1 RNA controls many viral functions. Nucleocapsid (NC) domains of gag-precursor proteins select genomic RNA for packaging by binding several sites in the leader. One is likely to be a stem defect in SL1 that can adopt either a 1 x 3 internal loop, SL1i (including G247, A271, G272, G273) or a 1 x 1 internal loop (G247 x G273) near a two-base bulge (A269-G270).