Comparing long-term prognosis following different surgical methods in patients with early stage breast cancer and obesity: a retrospective cohort study in China.

Objective: Breast-conserving therapy (BCT) includes breast-conserving surgery (BCS) combined with radiation therapy (RT). RT plays a crucial role in improving the prognosis of patients who undergo BCS. However, obesity is a potential risk factor for resistance to radiation.

Clinical Impact of Root Canal Treatment Combined with Eugenol Cement on Acute Pulpitis and its Influence on Inflammatory Factor Levels.

Background: Acute pulpitis poses a significant clinical challenge. Traditional root canal treatment has been a standard approach, and the incorporation of adjunctive therapies, such as eugenol cement, presents a potential avenue for enhanced efficacy and reduced complications.

Objective: This study aimed to assess the clinical efficacy of root canal treatment combined with eugenol cement for acute pulpitis and its impact on inflammatory factor levels.

Phytosulfokine contributes to suspension culture of Cunninghamia lanceolata through its impact on redox homeostasis.

Background: Suspension culture is widely used in the establishment of efficient plant regeneration systems, as well as in the mass production of plant secondary metabolites. However, the establishment of a suspension culture system of Cunninghamia lanceolata is genotype-dependent given that proembryogenic masses (PEMs) are prone to browning during this process in recalcitrant genotypes. Previously, we reported that the plant peptide hormone phytosulfokine (PSK) can tremendously decrease the hydrogen peroxide (HO) level and help to initiate somatic embryogenesis (SE) in recalcitrant C.

Scaling logical density of DNA storage with enzymatically-ligated composite motifs.

DNA is a promising candidate for long-term data storage due to its high density and endurance. The key challenge in DNA storage today is the cost of synthesis. In this work, we propose composite motifs, a framework that uses a mixture of prefabricated motifs as building blocks to reduce synthesis cost by scaling logical density.

A comprehensive analysis of the role of QPRT in breast cancer.

To explore the clinical role of QPRT in breast cancer. The gene expression, methylation levels and prognostic value of QPRT in breast cancer was analyzed using TCGA data. Validation was performed using the data from GEO dataset and TNMPLOT database.

The development of clinical reasoning throughout the training and career of psychiatrists in Singapore.

Objectives: The current study sought to explain how different professional experiences led Singaporean psychiatrists to alter their clinical reasoning processes as their careers evolved from psychiatry residents to senior consultant psychiatrists.

Methods: The current qualitative study interviewed 26 clinicians at various stages of their psychiatric career, spanning residents to senior psychiatrists.  The authors used a constructivist grounded theory approach to structure the collection and analysis of data.

Accel-Align: a fast sequence mapper and aligner based on the seed-embed-extend method.

Background: Improvements in sequencing technology continue to drive sequencing cost towards $100 per genome. However, mapping sequenced data to a reference genome remains a computationally-intensive task due to the dependence on edit distance for dealing with INDELs and mismatches introduced by sequencing. All modern aligners use seed-filter-extend methodology and rely on filtration heuristics to reduce the overhead of edit distance computation.

Interleukin-6 produced by enteric neurons regulates the number and phenotype of microbe-responsive regulatory T cells in the gut.

The immune and enteric nervous (ENS) systems monitor the frontier with commensal and pathogenic microbes in the colon. We investigated whether FoxP3 regulatory T (Treg) cells functionally interact with the ENS. Indeed, microbe-responsive RORγ and Helios subsets localized in close apposition to nitrergic and peptidergic nerve fibers in the colon lamina propria (LP).

Denatured corona proteins mediate the intracellular bioactivities of nanoparticles via the unfolded protein response.

Biomolecular corona formed on nanoparticles (NPs) influences the latter's in vivo biological effects. Nanomaterials with different physicochemical properties exert similar adverse effects, such as cytotoxicity, suggesting the existence of ubiquitous signals during various corona formations that mediate common and fundamental cellular events. Here, we discover the involvement of the unfolded protein response (UPR) and recruited chaperones in the corona.

Development and application of a nonbinary SNP-based microhaplotype panel for paternity testing involving close relatives.

Paternity testing involving close relatives is facing challenges in the field of forensic genetics. Microhaplotype has been proposed as a promising genetic marker for their low mutation rates and high discrimination power recently. In this study, we selected 30 microhaplotypes from 1000 genome projects, including one non-binary SNP, and other six microhaplotypes from published studies containing only binary SNPs to established a panel of microhaplotypes for paternity testing.

Pillararene-Containing Polymers with Tunable Conductivity Based on Host-Guest Complexations.

Regulating the conductivity of conducting polymers has spurred increasing studies, aiming at meeting different demands in various fields, including chemosensors, photovoltaic cells, and so on. Herein, linear pillar[5]arene-containing conjugated polymers were designed and synthesized via metathesis cyclopolymerization of pillar[5]arene-functionalized 1,6-heptadiyne. Upon addition of an ionic guest, such polymers could form inclusion complexes, of which the glass transition temperature decreased dramatically.

Gut-Innervating Nociceptor Neurons Regulate Peyer's Patch Microfold Cells and SFB Levels to Mediate Salmonella Host Defense.

Gut-innervating nociceptor sensory neurons respond to noxious stimuli by initiating protective responses including pain and inflammation; however, their role in enteric infections is unclear. Here, we find that nociceptor neurons critically mediate host defense against the bacterial pathogen Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (STm). Dorsal root ganglia nociceptors protect against STm colonization, invasion, and dissemination from the gut.

Growing Trans-Species Islets in Tumor Extract-Remodeled Testicles.

Although pancreatic islet transplantation holds promise for the treatment of type I diabetes, its application has been significantly hampered by transplant rejection. Here, an approach is demonstrated to support trans-species islet beta cells from a rat to grow and function in the body of a mouse host while overcoming graft rejection. This approach, which builds on remodeling of the mouse testicle by local injection of a tumor homogenate, establishes an immunosuppressive and proregenerative niche in the testicle.

Plant Lectins Activate the NLRP3 Inflammasome To Promote Inflammatory Disorders.

Plant-derived dietary lectins have been reported to be involved in the pathogenesis of several inflammatory diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease, diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, and celiac disease, but little is known about the molecular mechanisms underlying lectin-induced inflammation. In this study, we showed that plant lectins can induce caspase-1 activation and IL-1β secretion via the NLRP3 inflammasome. Lectins were internalized and subsequently escaped from the lysosome and then translocated to the endoplasmic reticulum.

Dopamine controls systemic inflammation through inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome.

Inflammasomes are involved in diverse inflammatory diseases, so the activation of inflammasomes needs to be tightly controlled to prevent excessive inflammation. However, the endogenous regulatory mechanisms of inflammasome activation are still unclear. Here, we report that the neurotransmitter dopamine (DA) inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome activation via dopamine D1 receptor (DRD1).

RNA viruses promote activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome through a RIP1-RIP3-DRP1 signaling pathway.

The NLRP3 inflammasome functions as a crucial component of the innate immune system in recognizing viral infection, but the mechanism by which viruses activate this inflammasome remains unclear. Here we found that inhibition of the serine-threonine kinases RIP1 (RIPK1) or RIP3 (RIPK3) suppressed RNA virus-induced activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Infection with an RNA virus initiated assembly of the RIP1-RIP3 complex, which promoted activation of the GTPase DRP1 and its translocation to mitochondria to drive mitochondrial damage and activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome.

Omega-3 fatty acids prevent inflammation and metabolic disorder through inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome activation.

Omega-3 fatty acids (ω-3 FAs) have potential anti-inflammatory activity in a variety of inflammatory human diseases, but the mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here we show that stimulation of macrophages with ω-3 FAs, including eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and other family members, abolished NLRP3 inflammasome activation and inhibited subsequent caspase-1 activation and IL-1β secretion. In addition, G protein-coupled receptor 120 (GPR120) and GPR40 and their downstream scaffold protein β-arrestin-2 were shown to be involved in inflammasome inhibition induced by ω-3 FAs.

Identifying responsive modules by mathematical programming: an application to budding yeast cell cycle.

High-throughput biological data offer an unprecedented opportunity to fully characterize biological processes. However, how to extract meaningful biological information from these datasets is a significant challenge. Recently, pathway-based analysis has gained much progress in identifying biomarkers for some phenotypes.