Nomogram for predicting testicular yolk sac tumor in children based on age, alpha-fetoprotein, and ultrasonography.

Objective: To establish a predictive model for distinguishing testicular benign or yolk sac tumors in children.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed data for 119 consecutive patients with unilateral testicular tumors treated at a single institution from June 2014 to July 2020. The patients were divided into the benign ( = 90) and yolk sac ( = 29) tumor groups based on the pathological diagnosis.

The association and underlying mechanism of the digit ratio (2D:4D) in hypospadias.

The second-to-fourth digit (2D:4D) ratio is thought to be associated with prenatal androgen exposure. However, the relationship between the 2D:4D ratio and hypospadias is poorly understood, and its molecular mechanism is not clear. In this study, by analyzing the hand digit length of 142 boys with hypospadias (23 distal, 68 middle, and 51 proximal) and 196 controls enrolled in Shanghai Children's Hospital (Shanghai, China) from December 2020 to December 2021, we found that the 2D:4D ratio was significantly increased in boys with hypospadias ( P < 0.

For the penile length-how shall we choose the straightening procedures in hypospadias repair?

Objective: To define the appropriate penile straightening procedures corresponding to the specific penile curvature by comparing the penile length resulting from various straightening procedures in hypospadias repair.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed hypospadias patients between 2017 and 2019. Patients were divided into three groups based on the penile curvature after degloving: <30°, 30°-45°, and >45°.

Urethro-urethrostomy for urethral duplication (Type IIA1) in a 3-years-old boy: Surgical approach.

Introduction: To report a novel maneuver of end-to-side urethro-urethrostomy for managing Type IIA1 urethral duplication (UD).

Materials And Methods: A 3-years-old boy was referred to our institute for abnormal appearance of genitalia. Physical examination revealed an epispadiac meatus on the dorsum of the penile shaft, in addition to the orthotopic meatus at the tip of glans.

Urogenital sinus malformation: From development to management.

Urogenital sinus (UGS) malformation, also known as persistent urogenital sinus (PUGS), is a rare congenital malformation of the urogenital system. It arises when the urethra and vaginal opening fail to form properly in the vulva and fuse incorrectly. PUGS can occur as an isolated abnormality or as part of a complex syndrome, and is frequently associated with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH).

Molecular genetics and general management of androgen insensitivity syndrome.

Androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS) is a rare genetic disorder that affects the development of the male reproductive system in individuals with a 46,XY karyotype. In addition to physical impacts, patients with AIS may face psychological distress and social challenges related to gender identity and acceptance. The major molecular etiology of AIS results from hormone resistance caused by mutations in the X-linked androgen receptor () gene.

One-stage repair of proximal hypospadias by in situ tubularization of the transverse preputial island flap.

Purpose: This study aimed to compare the efficacy of modified transverse preputial island flap (TPIF) repair with the traditional TPIF procedure and Byar's two-stage procedure in proximal hypospadias repair, especially in the postoperative urethral stricture incidence rates.

Materials And Methods: Patients admitted for proximal hypospadias treated with modified TPIF repair, the traditional TPIF procedure, or Byar's two-stage procedure at our institution from 2017 to 2021 were identified, and the incidence of postoperative complications among them was compared.

Results: In total, 142 patients were included (modified TPIF group, 43; traditional TPIF group, 37; and Byar's two-stage group, 62).

Impact of corporate governance and CEO remuneration on bank capitalization strategies and payout decision in income shocks period.

Unlabelled: The purpose of this research is to explore corporate governance and CEO remuneration with banks capitalization strategies and payout policy within the Pakistani banking context. Data were obtained from the financial statements of scheduled banks listed on the Pakistan stock exchange from 2005 to 2020. The findings of the research study revealed that corporate governance mechanisms that promote the bank's shareholders' interests are linked to low capitalization strategies.

Exstrophy-Epispadias Complex With Isolated Ectopic Bowel Segment: A Case Series and Literature Review.

Objective: To present a case series of the exstrophy-epispadias complex (EEC) with isolated ectopic bowel segment (IEBS) with the literature review, highlighting the clinical findings and treatments.

Materials And Methods: We present 3 cases of bladder exstrophy (BE) with IEBS in our institute and reviewed the literature in PubMed with the terms "("bladder exstrophy" OR "epispadias") AND ("visceral sequestration" OR "sequestered" OR "ectopic bowel")."

Results: There were 2 males and 1 female.

Phenotypic modulation of vascular smooth muscle cells in the corpus spongiosum surrounding the urethral plate in hypospadias.

Hypospadias is an abnormal ventral development of the penis caused by incomplete virilization of the male genital tubercle. This study investigated the phenotypic modulation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) in the corpus spongiosum surrounding the urethral plate in hypospadias. The urethral corpus spongiosum tissue was collected for HE, Masson and α-SMA immunohistochemical staining.

Pelvic Floor Anatomical Variations in Children With Exstrophy-Epispadias Complex Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging.

Objective: To quantitatively measure the anatomical variations of the pelvic floor in children with exstrophy-epispadias complex using magnetic resonance imaging.

Materials And Methods: Six cases of classic bladder exstrophy (CBE), 5 cases of penile epispadias (PE) and 11 cases of penopubic epispadias (PPE) were included. Another 8 cases with the testicular tumor were taken as the controls.

Spongiosum-combined glanuloplasty reduces glans complications after proximal hypospadias repair.

We aim to design a new glanuloplasty procedure combined with spongiosum to reduce the incidence of glans dehiscence and coronal fistula after proximal hypospadias repair. Patients who underwent urethroplasty by dorsal preputial island flap for proximal hypospadias between January 2014 and December 2016 were reviewed in this retrospective cohort study. Those who underwent spongiosum-combined glanuloplasty comprised the new-maneuver group, whereas those who underwent conventional glanuloplasty comprised the control group.

A Histomorphological Study of the Divergent Corpus Spongiosum Surrounding the Urethral Plate in Hypospadias.

Objective: To investigate the histomorphological changes of the divergent corpus spongiosum surrounding the urethral plate in hypospadias.

Methods: Seventy boys with hypospadias were divided into the distal (n = 44) and proximal (n = 26) groups by the location of the ectopic meatus. The morphology of the divergent corpus spongiosum was evaluated and the histopathological studies were carried out by HE staining, Masson staining, and immunohistochemical analyses of α-SMA, CD34, TGF-β1 and androgen receptor.

Comparison of short-term complications between Onlay and Duckett urethroplasty and the analysis of risk factors.

Aims: To compare the short-term complications between Onlay and Duckett urethroplasty and to analyze the various risk factors cause the complications.

Methods: The children with hypospadias who underwent treatment with Onlay or Duckett urethroplasty from November 2014 to June 2016 were followed up. The difference in complications between the two groups was analyzed.