Comparative chloroplast genome analysis of five widespread species ( L.) and development of molecular markers for their discrimination.

Background: Zanthoxylum L., an important genus in the Rutaceae family, has great edible and medical values. However, the high degree of morphological similarity among species and the lack of sufficient chloroplast (cp) genomic resources have greatly impeded germplasm identification and phylogenetic analyses of

Methods: Here we assembled cp genomes of five widespread species (, , , and ) in China as a case study, comparative analysis of these assembled cp genomes.

Removal of sulfamethoxazole by Fe(III)-activated peracetic acid combined with ascorbic acid.

Ascorbic acid (AA) was used as a reducing agent to improve the Fe(III)-activated peracetic acid (PAA) system for the removal of sulfamethoxazole (SMX) in this work. The efficiency, influencing factors and mechanism of SMX elimination in the AA/Fe(III)/PAA process were studied. The results exhibited that AA facilitated the reduction of Fe(III) to Fe(II) and subsequently improved the activation of PAA and HO.

Methyl jasmonate enabled maintained the postharvest flavor quality of ginger (Zingiber officinale roscoe) by reducing the loss of terpene volatile compounds.

Ginger, as a globally vital medicinal and food homologous crop, plays an irreplaceable role in human diet and healthcare. However, during the storage of ginger, the decline of physical properties and degradation of volatile flavor quality have emerged as an industrial concern that severely restricts the market value of the product. MeJA plays an essential role in extending fruit shelf life and regulate the synthesis of volatiles in horticultural products, yet its application in ginger remains unreported.

Invasive carcinoma segmentation in whole slide images using MS-ResMTUNet.

Identifying the invasive cancer area is a crucial step in the automated diagnosis of digital pathology slices of the breast. When examining the pathological sections of patients with invasive ductal carcinoma, several evaluations are required specifically for the invasive cancer area. However, currently there is little work that can effectively distinguish the invasive cancer area from the ductal carcinoma in situ in whole slide images.

A Simple and Efficient One-Step Synthesis System for Flexible Production of Circular RNA in .

Circular RNA (circRNA) exhibits a higher stability and intracellular half-life than linear RNA and has better potential in the fields of RNA vaccines and RNAi drugs. The current strategies for circRNA preparation have low efficiency, high costs, and high complexity, which significantly limits their applications. In this paper, we propose a one-step synthesis of circRNA based on The four RNA sequence lengths of 1700, 1400, 500, and 64 nt were connected to group II intron elements from the surface protein region of and then inserted downstream of the T7 promoter in the pET28a plasmid to assist in cyclization.

A newborn F-box gene blocks gene flow by selectively degrading phosphoglucomutase in species hybrids.

The establishment of reproductive barriers such as postzygotic ybrid ncompatibility (HI) remains the key to speciation. Gene duplication followed by differential functionalization has long been proposed as a major model underlying HI, but little supporting evidence exists. Here, we demonstrate that a newborn F-box gene, , of the nematode specifically inactivates an essential phosphoglucomutase encoded by in its sister species and their hybrids.

Novel Loss-of-function Variants of ZP3 Associated with Premature Ovarian Insufficiency.

Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) is one of the leading causes of female infertility. To date, the genetic etiology of POI has been elucidated in approximately 20-25% of the total cases. The human zona pellucida (ZP) plays an important role in the organization and differentiation of granulosa cells, follicle formation, and sperm recognition.

Network Pharmacology-Based Strategy to Explore the Effect and Mechanism of Zhizhu Granule Improving Glucose-Lipid Metabolism in Rats with Metabolic Syndrome.

Objective: To explore the mechanism of the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), Zhizhu granule (ZZG), in treating metabolic syndrome (MS) based on network pharmacology and pharmacodynamic experiment.

Materials And Methods: Network pharmacology combined with a pharmacodynamic experiment was used to elucidate the therapeutic mechanism of ZZG in MS. Serum samples were collected from rats with MS, induced by a high-sugar-fat-salt diet (HSFSD) combined with streptozotocin (STZ), to measure the levels of biochemical markers.

Roles of Nitric Oxide and Brassinosteroid in Improving Fruit Quality during Postharvest: Potential Regulators?

Most postharvest fruits are highly perishable, which directly impairs fruit taste and causes an economic loss of fresh products. Thus, it is necessary to find effective techniques to alleviate this issue. Recently, nitric oxide (NO) and brassinosteroid (BR) have been developed as postharvest alternatives to improve fruit quality.

Enhancing lithium storage performance with silicon-based anodes: a theoretical study on transition metal-integrated SiO/M@C (M = Fe, Co, Ni) heterostructures.

In lithium-ion batteries, infusible metals with lithium, such as Mg, Fe, Co, Ni, and Cu are often utilized. However, current research predominantly focuses on the experimental aspects of the (de)lithiation process, with limited exploration from a theoretical calculation perspective. The extensive use of experimental methods to study the many electrochemically inert metals is time-consuming and costly.

Pathology diagnosis of intraoperative frozen thyroid lesions assisted by deep learning.

Background: Thyroid cancer is a common thyroid malignancy. The majority of thyroid lesion needs intraoperative frozen pathology diagnosis, which provides important information for precision operation. As digital whole slide images (WSIs) develop, deep learning methods for histopathological classification of the thyroid gland (paraffin sections) have achieved outstanding results.

Synergistic enhancement of NiP anode for high lithium/sodium storage by N, P, S triply-doping and soft template-assisted strategy.

Transition metal phosphides have demonstrated excellent performance in the field of energy conversion and storage, where nickel phosphide is one of the most prominent type of phosphides. However, achieving long cycle life with higher specific capacity in the case of NiP is still a great challenge. In this study, the composition and structure of NiP composites are rationally and precisely adjusted by heteroatoms doping and micelle-assisted methods to attain high capacity for longer cycles at high rate.

The value of FPR, FAR, CAR, CPR in the auxiliary diagnosis of colon cancer.

Chronic malnutrition, abnormal blood clotting, and systemic inflammation contribute to the occurrence and progression of colon cancer. This study aimed to assess the diagnostic utility of the 100fibrinogen-to-prealbumin ratio (FPR), 100fibrinogen-to-albumin ratio (FAR), 100C-reactive protein-to-albumin ratio (CAR), and 100C-reactive protein-to-prealbumin ratio (CPR) in aiding the diagnosis of colon cancer. A total of 129 patients with colon cancer were enrolled between April 2015 and August 2022.

Automatic Annotation Diagnostic Framework for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma via Pathology-Fidelity GAN and Prior-Driven Classification.

Non-keratinizing carcinoma is the most common subtype of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Its poorly differentiated tumor cells and complex microenvironment present challenges to pathological diagnosis. AI-based pathological models have demonstrated potential in diagnosing NPC, but the reliance on costly manual annotation hinders development.

Effects of respiratory muscle training on post-stroke rehabilitation: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Stroke often results in significant respiratory dysfunction in patients. Respiratory muscle training (RMT) has been proposed as a rehabilitative intervention to address these challenges, but its effectiveness compared to routine training remains debated. This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to evaluate the effects of RMT on exercise tolerance, muscle strength, and pulmonary function in post-stroke patients.

Tremendously enhanced catalytic performance of Fe(III)/peroxymonosulfate process by trace Cu(II): A high-valent metals domination in organics removal.

Dissolved copper and iron ions are regarded as friendly and economic catalysts for peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation, however, neither Cu(II) nor Fe(III) shows efficient catalytic performance because of the slow rates of Cu(II)/Cu(I) and Fe(III)/Fe(II) cycles. Innovatively, we observed a significant enhancement on the degradation of organic contaminants when Cu(II) and Fe(III) were coupled to activate PMS in borate (BA) buffer. The degradation efficiency of Rhodamine B (RhB, 20 µmol/L) reached up to 96.

Application prospects of the 2BS cell-adapted China fixed rabies virus vaccine strain 2aG4-B40.

Background: Rabies is a fatal zoonotic disease whose pathogenesis has not been fully elucidated, and vaccination is the only effective method for protecting against rabies virus infection. Most inactivated vaccines are produced using Vero cells, which are African green monkey kidney cells, to achieve large-scale production. However, there is a potential carcinogenic risk due to nonhuman DNA contamination.

The roles of nitric oxide in improving postharvest fruits quality: Crosstalk with phytohormones.

Nowadays, improving the quality of postharvest fruits has become a hot research topic. Nitric oxide (NO) is often regarded as a signaling molecule that delays the postharvest senescence of fruits. Moreover, phytohormones affect the postharvest senescence of fruits.

Development and application of an RNA nanostructure to induce transient RNAi in difficult transgenic plants.

The development of RNA interference (RNAi) is crucial for studying plant gene function. Its use, is limited to a few plants with well-established transgenic techniques. Spray-induced gene silencing (SIGS) introduces exogenous double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) into plants by spraying, injection, or irrigation, triggering the RNAi pathway to instantly silence target genes.

Structure, evolution, and roles of SWEET proteins in growth and stress responses in plants.

Carbohydrates are exported by the SWEET family of transporters, which is a novel class of carriers that can transport sugars across cell membranes and facilitate sugar's long-distance transport from source to sink organs in plants. SWEETs play crucial roles in a wide range of physiologically important processes by regulating apoplastic and symplastic sugar concentrations. These processes include host-pathogen interactions, abiotic stress responses, and plant growth and development.

Ginseng-Sanqi-Chuanxiong (GSC) extracts attenuate d-galactose-induced vascular aging in mice via inhibition of endothelial progenitor cells senescence.

Vascular aging is an independent risk factor for age-related diseases and a specific type of organic aging. Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), a type of bone marrow stem cell, has been linked to vascular aging. The purpose of this study is to investigate if Ginseng-Sanqi-Chuanxiong (GSC) extract, a traditional Chinese medicine, can delay aortic aging in mice by enhancing the performance and aging of EPCs in vivo and to analyze the potential mechanisms through a d-Galactose (D-gal)-induced vascular aging model in mice.

A transformer-based pyramid network for coronary calcified plaque segmentation in intravascular optical coherence tomography images.

Characterizing coronary calcified plaque (CCP) provides essential insight into diagnosis and treatment of atherosclerosis. Intravascular optical coherence tomography (OCT) offers significant advantages for detecting CCP and even automated segmentation with recent advances in deep learning techniques. Most of current methods have achieved promising results by adopting existing convolution neural networks (CNNs) in computer vision domain.