Pericyte loss impairs the blood-brain barrier and cognitive function in aged mice after anesthesia/surgery.

Aims: This study was designed to investigate the role of pericytes in the pathogenesis of perioperative neurocognitive disorder (PND).

Methods: In this study, we established a PND model via sevoflurane anesthesia and tibial fracture surgery in 2-month-old and 16-month-old male C57BL/6 mice. On the third postoperative day, the mice were subjected to behavioral testing or sacrificed to collect brain tissue.

Inhibition of MMP-2 and MMP-9 attenuates surgery-induced cognitive impairment in aged mice.

Background: The inhibition of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) has shown potential in the treatment of various neurodegenerative diseases, and perioperative neurocognitive disorders (PND) is accompanied by the increased expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in the hippocampus. However, the effect of inhibiting MMP-2 and MMP-9 on PND is not clear. In this study we aimed to evaluate the effects of inhibiting MMP-2 and MMP-9 on cognitive function in the aged mice after surgery, in order to find a possible target for the prevention and treatment of PND METHODS: In this study, 14-month-old C57BL/6 mice were used to establish a PND model by tibial fracture surgery and sevoflurane anesthesia.

Sugammadex Is Associated With Reduced Pulmonary Complications in Patients With Respiratory Dysfunction.

Introduction: Use of sugammadex is associated with fewer postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs). This study investigated the relationship between sugammadex and PPCs in specific patients with respiratory dysfunction.

Materials And Methods: We reviewed the electronic medical and anesthesia records of patients with respiratory dysfunction who underwent laparoscopic gastric or intestinal surgery at a single center between May 1, 2018 and December 31, 2019.

The Effects of Hemisphere Dome Orientation on the Structure of Diamond-like Carbon Film Prepared Using Ion Beam Assisted Deposition.

Diamond-like carbon (DLC) has attracted significant attention in the recent decades because of its unique properties and applications. Ion beam assisted deposition (IBAD) has been widely established in industry due to the advantages of easy handling and scalability. In this work, a hemisphere dome model is specially designed as a substrate.

Role of P2X4/NLRP3 Pathway-Mediated Neuroinflammation in Perioperative Neurocognitive Disorders.

Several studies have demonstrated that neuroinflammation is the key to perioperative neurocognitive disorders (PND); however, the specific mechanism postsurgery and anesthesia has not yet been fully clarified. The present study is aimed at exploring the effects of P2X4/NLRP3 signaling pathway in neuroinflammation and cognitive impairment after surgery. 12-14-month-old male C57BL/6 mice undergoing open tibial fracture surgery by sevoflurane anesthesia were administered P2X4R inhibitor 5-BDBD or saline was intraperitoneally for 3 consecutive days after surgery.

Wnt/β-Catenin Participates in the Repair of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome-Associated Early Pulmonary Fibrosis via Mesenchymal Stem Cell Microvesicles.

Purpose: The main aim of the present study was to establish whether mesenchymal stem cell microvesicles (MSC MVs) exert anti-fibrotic effects and investigate the mechanisms underlying these effects in a mouse model of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)-associated early pulmonary fibrosis.

Methods: An ARDS-associated pulmonary fibrosis model was established in mice by an intratracheal injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). At 1, 3, and 7 days after LPS-mediated injury, the lungs of mice treated with MSC MVs and untreated controls were carefully excised and fibrosis was assessed based on the extent of collagen deposition.

High performance ZnS antireflection sub-wavelength structures with HfO protective film for infrared optical windows.

Antireflection sub-wavelength structures (SWSs) on ZnS were designed and ZnS SWSs with HfO protective film were prepared, and their properties in long-wave infrared applications were examined and compared to AR coatings. The SWS has good antireflection performance and exhibits less polarization sensitivity than the AR coating. At temperatures above 500 °C, the SWS with HfO protective film has a better thermal endurance property than the multilayer AR coating.

Experimental study on chemical mechanical polishing of chalcogenide glasses.

Chalcogenide glasses (GeAsSe) are one of the core components of the athermalized infrared optical system. Because of material properties, its processability is limited, and surface defects are difficult to control. The chemical nature of GeAsSe has been established, which can react with sodium hydroxide and hydrogen peroxide (HO).

Quantitative assessment and suppression of defect-induced scattering in low-loss mirrors.

In this Letter, defect-induced scattering in 1064 nm high-reflection coatings prepared by dual ion beam sputtering and its suppression were investigated by artificial nodules, finite-difference time-domain simulations, angular resolved scattering (ARS) measurements, and planarization technology. After establishing the geometric model of the nodules grown from ϕ 1 μm SiO microspheres, the far-field scattering of the multiple nodules was determined by intensity superposition. For a nodule density of 100  mm, there is good agreement between the simulated and measured ARS.

[Applied research on the physical model for calculating optical constant of metal oxide films].

In the present paper, two metal oxide films of HfO2 and Ta2 O5 were prepared by ion beam sputtering technology. Through measuring ellipsometric parameters of HfO2 and Ta2O5 films, their optical constants can be inversion-calculated by nonlinear least squares techniques. In the fitting process, eight experiment groups were arranged by the orthogonal table L8 (2(7)).

Optical and interfacial layer properties of SiO2 films deposited on different substrates.

SiO2 films were deposited on fused silica, silicon, glass, germanium, and sapphire substrates by an ion beam sputtering technique. The optical properties of SiO2 films on different substrates and interfacial layer properties between SiO2 films and different substrates were researched by the spectroscopic ellipsometry technique. The refractive indices of SiO2 films deposited on different substrates are about 1.

Absorption, structural, and electrical properties of Ge films prepared by ion-beam-assisted deposition.

Effects of ion energy on the optical, microstructure, and electrical properties of Ge films prepared by ion-beam-assisted deposition were investigated. The absorption edge is found to shift toward a longer wavelength when the ion energy increases. 150 eV ion bombardment energy could help to reduce absorption in the infrared spectrum, elevating 2% of film transmittance.

Correlation between properties of HfO2 films and preparing parameters by ion beam sputtering deposition.

Ion beam sputtering is one of the most important technologies for preparing hafnium dioxide thin films. In this paper, the correlation between properties of hafnium dioxide thin films and preparing parameters was systematically researched by using the orthogonal experiment design method. The properties of hafnium oxide films (refractive index, extinction coefficient, deposition rate, stress, and inhomogeneity of refractive index) were studied.

Influence of cleaning process on the laser-induced damage threshold of substrates.

The cleaning process of optical substrates plays an important role during the manufacture of high-power laser coatings. Two kinds of substrates, fused silica and BK7 glass, and two cleaning processes, called process 1 and process 2 having different surfactant solutions and different ultrasonic cleaning parameters, are adopted to compare the influence of the ultrasonic cleaning technique on the substrates. The evaluation standards of the cleaning results include contaminant-removal efficiency, weak absorption, and laser-induced damage threshold of the substrates.

Evaluation and analysis of polished fused silica subsurface quality by the nanoindenter technique.

We evaluate the subsurface quality of polished fused silica samples using the nanoindenter technique. Two kinds of samples, consisting of hundreds of nanometers and micrometers of subsurface damage layers, are fabricated by controlling the grinding and polishing processes, and the subsurface quality has been verified by the chemical etching method. Then several nanoindentation experiments are performed using the Berkovich tip to investigate the subsurface quality.

Systematic study of the mirror effect in a poly-Si subwavelength periodic membrane.

By using the equivalent eigenvalue equation of a waveguide grating, the mirror effect (Deltalambda/lambda>15%) with very high reflectivity (R>99%) based on guided-mode resonance (GMR) effects in a poly-Si subwavelength periodic membrane is obtained, and the reflection performance of the poly-Si subwavelength periodic membrane is systematically studied. It is shown that the equivalent eigenvalue equation of a waveguide grating can provide a solid starting point for designing the broadband grating with very high reflectivity. The physical mechanisms of broadband reflection of the strongly modulated waveguide grating structures are investigated theoretically and the important role of multiple GMRs for a broad reflection band is discussed in detail.