Multifunctional Janus-Coated Metafabric for Personal Thermal Comfort and Energy Efficient Buildings.

Space cooling and heating consume huge energy resources globally, while existing cooling/heating equipment can only address indoor temperature control. In this work, we report a multifunctional layered Janus-coated fabric (JCF) with radiative cooling/solar heating/Joule heating, which can utilize space and the sun as a source of cooling and heating. By adjusting the reflectivity, emissivity, and absorptivity of the coating, the fabric performs a thermal management function in a complex and changeable environment without consuming energy.

The burden of rare cancer in Japan: application of the RARECARE definition.

Background: Despite the fact that rare cancer is a new target of cancer control in Japan, the incidence of rare cancers is unknown and there is no generally accepted definition of rare cancers in this country. With the aim of calculating incidences of rare cancers in Japan, we therefore adopted a definition and classification of rare cancers that had been published in the European Union (EU) in 2011.

Methods: Using incidence data between 1998 and 2007 submitted by 12 of population based cancer registries in Japan that met our quality criteria and drawing on the EU definition (incidence <6 per 100,000 per year), we estimated the incidences of 845 combinations of tumor sites and histological groups and thus identified the cancers that are rare in Japan.