Improving the Thrombocytopenia Adverse Reaction of Belinostat Using Human Serum Albumin Nanoparticles.

Background: Belinostat, a histone deacetylase inhibitor used for hematological cancer treatments, however, it caused thrombocytopenia, poor solubility, and rapid clearance. To mitigate these issues, human serum albumin (HSA) was utilized as the core material for its high protein binding affinity and self-binding capabilities. The study focused on developing belinostat-loaded HSA nanoparticles to improve solubility, extend circulation time, and reduce adverse effects.

Synergistic Enhancement of Biaxial Stretching and Multilayer Composites in All-Solid-State Polymer Electrolytes.

As an important component of lithium-ion batteries, all-solid-state electrolytes should possess high ionic conductivity, excellent flexibility, and relatively high mechanical strength. All-solid-state polymer electrolytes (ASSPEs) based on polymers seem to be able to meet these requirements. However, pure ASSPEs have relatively low ionic conductivity, and the addition of inorganic fillers such as lithium salts will reduce their flexibility and mechanical strength.

A Selective Review on Information Criteria in Multiple Change Point Detection.

Change points indicate significant shifts in the statistical properties in data streams at some time points. Detecting change points efficiently and effectively are essential for us to understand the underlying data-generating mechanism in modern data streams with versatile parameter-varying patterns. However, it becomes a highly challenging problem to locate multiple change points in the noisy data.

Creation of Chitosan-Based Nanocapsule-in-Nanofiber Structures for Hydrophobic/Hydrophilic Drug Co-Delivery and Their Dressing Applications in Diabetic Wounds.

Nanofiber meshes (NFMs) loaded with therapeutic agents are very often employed to treat hard-to-heal wounds such as diabetic wounds. However, most of the NFMs have limited capability to load multiple or hydrophilicity distinctive-therapeutic agents. The therapy strategy is therefore significantly hampered.

Improving the resilience of power grids against typhoons with data-driven spatial distributionally robust optimization.

In recent years, the increased frequency of natural hazards has led to more disruptions in power grids, potentially causing severe infrastructural damages and cascading failures. Therefore, it is important that the power system resilience be improved by implementing new technology and utilizing optimization methods. This paper proposes a data-driven spatial distributionally robust optimization (DS-DRO) model to provide an optimal plan to install and dispatch distributed energy resources (DERs) against the uncertain impact of natural hazards such as typhoons.

Isoliquiritigenin Inhibits Gastric Cancer Stemness, Modulates Tumor Microenvironment, and Suppresses Tumor Growth through Glucose-Regulated Protein 78 Downregulation.

Chemotherapy is the treatment of choice for gastric cancer; however, the currently available therapeutic drugs for treatment have limited efficacy. Cancer stemness and the tumor microenvironment may play crucial roles in tumor growth and chemoresistance. Glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) is an endoplasmic reticulum chaperone facilitating protein folding and cell homeostasis during stress and may participate in chemoresistance.

Application of a Water Supply-Demand Balance Model to Set Priorities for Improvements in Water Supply Systems: A Case Study from the Koshi River Basin, Nepal.

Water scarcity is one of the leading challenges for sustainable development in the context of climate change, particularly for agriculturally reliant countries. Inadequate water supplies tend to generate environmental and health issues. Improvements in water supply systems should give priority to the region with the most severe mismatch between water supply and demand.

An optimization model for planning testing and control strategies to limit the spread of a pandemic - The case of COVID-19.

The global health crisis caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has highlighted the importance of efficient disease detection and control strategies for minimizing the number of infections and deaths in the population and halting the spread of the pandemic. Countries have shown different preparedness levels for promptly implementing disease detection strategies, via mass testing and isolation of identified cases, which led to a largely varying impact of the outbreak on the populations and health-care systems. In this paper, we propose a new pandemic resource allocation model for allocating limited disease detection and control resources, in particular testing capacities, in order to limit the spread of a pandemic.

Multifunctional TiO/SBA-15 mesoporous silica hybrids loaded with organic sunscreens for skin application: The role in photoprotection and pollutant adsorption with reduced sunscreen permeation.

TiO acts as an inorganic sunscreen and photocatalyst to protect humans from environmental pollutants. We incorporated TiO into mesoporous silica (SBA-15) for skin application to prevent environmental stresses including UVA irradiation and pollutant invasion. Organic ultraviolet (UV)A filters such as avobenzone and oxybenzone were then loaded into mesoporous support for synergistic sunscreen efficiency.

Prolonging the Half-Life of Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor Belinostat via 50 nm Scale Liposomal Subcutaneous Delivery System for Peripheral T-Cell Lymphoma.

Lymph node metastasis is an aggressive condition characterized by poor treatment outcomes and low overall survival. Belinostat is a novel histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of relapsed peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL). However, the major problem is that belinostat has a short half-life of 1.

Improvement of Paclitaxel-Associated Adverse Reactions (ADRs) via the Use of Nano-Based Drug Delivery Systems: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis.

Background: Paclitaxel is wildly used in chemotherapy, however, the adverse drug reactions (ADRs) occurred frequently. Various novel nano-based paclitaxel delivery systems were developed. The aim performed systemically review and meta-analyses to evaluate the effect adverse drug reactions (ADRs) of paclitaxel and its nano-based delivery systems.

High Potency of SN-38-Loaded Bovine Serum Albumin Nanoparticles Against Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive type of breast cancer with a worse prognosis than other types. There are currently no specific approved treatments for TNBC. Albumin is a promising biomimetic material that may be fabricated into nanoparticles to possibly exert passive effects on targeted tumors.

Spatio-Temporal Analysis of Drought Variability Using CWSI in the Koshi River Basin (KRB).

Drought is one of the most frequent meteorological disasters, and has exerted significant impacts on the livelihoods and economy of the Koshi River Basin (KRB). In this study, we assessed drought patterns using the Crop Water Shortage Index (CWSI) based on the MOD16 product for the period between 2000 and 2014. The results revealed that the CWSI based on the MOD16 product can be act as an indicator to monitor the characteristics of the drought.

Prescribing patterns of coronary artery aneurysm in Taiwan.

Background: Coronary artery aneurysm (CAA) is a rare disease, and there are limited data on prescribing patterns for CAA. The aim of our study was to investigate prescribing patterns for CAA in Taiwan via the National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD).

Methods: We included all CAA patients in Taiwan from 2005 to 2011.

An Optimization-Based Framework for the Identification of Vulnerabilities in Electric Power Grids Exposed to Natural Hazards.

This article proposes a novel mathematical optimization framework for the identification of the vulnerabilities of electric power infrastructure systems (which is a paramount example of critical infrastructure) due to natural hazards. In this framework, the potential impacts of a specific natural hazard on an infrastructure are first evaluated in terms of failure and recovery probabilities of system components. Then, these are fed into a bi-level attacker-defender interdiction model to determine the critical components whose failures lead to the largest system functionality loss.

UV filter entrapment in mesoporous silica hydrogel for skin protection against UVA with minimization of percutaneous absorption.

The UVA absorbers such as avobenzone are widely used for sunlight protection; however, they show a significant skin penetration. The aim of the present study was to formulate UVA absorbers into mesoporous silicas (MSs) for enhanced UVA protection with reduced percutaneous absorption. Two MSs prepared with different structure-directing agents (Pluronic P123 as single MS and combined Pluronic P123-Pluronic F68 as hybrid MS) were synthesized in this study.

SN38-loaded <100 nm targeted liposomes for improving poor solubility and minimizing burst release and toxicity: in vitro and in vivo study.

Background: SN38 (7-ethyl-10-hydroxycamptothecin) is a camptothecin derivative acts against various tumors. However, SN38 is hydrolyzed in the physiological environment (pH 7.4), and this instability interferes with its potential therapeutic effect.

Diminishing the side effect of mitomycin C by using pH-sensitive liposomes: in vitro characterization and in vivo pharmacokinetics.

Introduction: Mitomycin C is an anticancer antibiotic agent that has the potential for broad-spectrum use against several cancers, including mammary cancers. Because its half-life is 17 min after a 30 mg intravenous bolus administration, the suitability of mitomycin C for wide use in the clinical setting is limited. Based on tumor pathophysiology, pH-sensitive liposomes could provide better tumor-targeted effects.

Development of pH-Sensitive Cationic PEGylated Solid Lipid Nanoparticles for Selective Cancer-Targeted Therapy.

Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) are suitable candidates for the delivery of various anti-cancer drugs. However, currently insufficient tumor-permeability and non-specific uptake by the reticuloendothelial system limits the application of SLNs. Here, we developed novel pH-sensitive cationic polyoxyethylene (PEGylated) SLNs (PEG-SLNs+) that could accumulate long-term at various tumor sites to enhance the therapeutic efficiency of camptothecin (CPT).

Microemulsion formulation design and evaluation for hydrophobic compound: Catechin topical application.

The aim of the present study was to design a microemulsion for catechin topical application. A mixture experimental design with five independent variables (X: oil, X: surfactant, X: catechin, X: cosurfactant and X: water) was developed, and the response surface methodology was used to study the effect of formulation components on physiochemical characteristics and penetration capacity of a catechin-loaded microemulsion, and to obtain an optimal microemulsion formulation. The results showed that the drug-loaded microemulsion formation and characteristics were related to many parameters of the components.

Epidemiology and risk factors of coronary artery aneurysm in Taiwan: a population based case control study.

Objectives: Coronary artery aneurysm (CAA) is usually an asymptomatic and rare disease. There are limited epidemiological data for CAA in Asian populations and in the rest of the world.

Design: A retrospective case control study.

Up-regulation of miR-325-3p suppresses pineal aralkylamine N-acetyltransferase (Aanat) after neonatal hypoxia-ischemia brain injury in rats.

Survivors of hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD), besides impairment of psychomotor development, often develop circadian rhythm disorders, although the underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. Here, we first verified that mRNA and protein expression of pineal aralkylamine N-acetyltransferase (Aanat), a key regulator for melatonin (MT) synthesis, along with MT, were severely impaired after HIBD. In addition, we demonstrated that neonatal HIBD disrupted the circadian rhythmicity of locomotor activities in juvenile rats.

Nanocarriers enhance the transdermal bioavailability of resveratrol: In-vitro and in-vivo study.

The aim of this study was to develop and assess the potential of nanostructured emulsion carriers for resveratrol topical application. Different compositions of resveratrol-loaded nanostructured emulsions were prepared using different types and amounts of surfactants and oily phases (isopropyl myristate and caproyl 90). The produced nanostructured emulsions were within the nanosized range 23.

Amsacrine analog-loaded solid lipid nanoparticle to resolve insolubility for injection delivery: characterization and pharmacokinetics.

Amsacrine analog is a novel chemotherapeutic agent that provides potentially broad antitumor activity when compared to traditional amsacrine. However, the major limitation of amsacrine analog is that it is highly lipophilic, making it nonconductive to intravenous administration. The aim of this study was to utilize solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) to resolve the delivery problem and to investigate the biodistribution of amsacrine analog-loaded SLN.