CT Predictors of Angiolymphatic Invasion in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer 30 mm or Smaller.

Background Angiolymphatic invasion (ALI) is an important prognostic indicator in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, few studies focus on radiologic features for predicting ALI in patients with early-stage NSCLCs 30 mm or smaller. Purpose To identify radiologic features for predicting ALI in NSCLCs 30 mm or smaller in maximum diameter.

The Winner and still champion: Nodule volume doubling times.

There have been enormous advances in the approach to assessing malignancy status of indeterminate pulmonary nodules including risk models, image based biomarkers and numerous types of biologic and molecular markers. All of these have the advantage of guiding further workup once the nodule is identified. The traditional method, especially for smaller nodules relies primarily on assessing whether a nodule changes in size over time and is a feature in virtually every management protocol for both screen detected as well as incidentally detected nodules.

Hormone-responsive progenitors have a unique identity and exhibit high motility during mammary morphogenesis.

Hormone-receptor-positive (HR) luminal cells largely mediate the response to estrogen and progesterone during mammary gland morphogenesis. However, there remains a lack of consensus on the precise nature of the precursor cells that maintain this essential HR lineage. Here we refine the identification of HR progenitors and demonstrate their unique regenerative capacity compared to mature HR cells.

GI cancer mortality in participants in low dose CT screening for lung cancer with a focus on pancreatic cancer.

Lung cancer, the leading cause of cancer deaths globally, has better survival rates with early detection. Annual low-dose CT (LDCT) screenings are recommended for high-risk individuals due to age and smoking. These individuals are also at risk for other cancers.

Predicted Effect of Incidental Pulmonary Nodule Findings on NSCLC Mortality.

Introduction: Despite the reduction in mortality by low-dose computed tomography lung cancer screening, the uptake is still low. Patients undergo chest imaging for several other medical reasons, and this is a unique opportunity to detect lung nodules.

Methods: In a cohort of patients with NSCLC from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results-Medicare-linked data, tumor size at previous imaging was calculated as follows: volume doubling time = [(T-T)·ln2]/ln(V/V), solving for the diameter of V.

Injectable Salecan/hyaluronic acid-based hydrogels with antibacterial, rapid self-healing, pH-responsive and controllable drug release capability for infected wound repair.

Designing materials for wound dressings with superior therapeutic benefits, self-healing and injectable characteristics is important in clinical practice. Herein, a new self-healing injectable hydrogel was prepared via thermal treatment and dynamic Schiff base reaction by mixing oxidized hyaluronic acid (OHA) and hydrazided Salecan (Sal-ADH). The versatility of the wound dressing was confirmed by studying the inherent rheological properties, high swelling rate, sustained-release behavior of the drug, pH/hyaluronidase-dependent biodegradation, in vitro antimicrobial as well as in vivo wound healing performance.

In situ visualization of endothelial cell-derived extracellular vesicle formation in steady state and malignant conditions.

Endothelial cells are integral components of all vasculature within complex organisms. As they line the blood vessel wall, endothelial cells are constantly exposed to a variety of molecular factors and shear force that can induce cellular damage and stress. However, how endothelial cells are removed or eliminate unwanted cellular contents, remains unclear.

Impact on Prognosis of Stage I Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Secondary to Delays in Diagnostic Workup.

Background Diagnostic workup of small pulmonary nodules often requires follow-up CT scans to confirm nodule growth before invasive diagnostics or treatment. Purpose To confirm prior results from the International Early Lung Cancer Action Program (I-ELCAP) on quantifying decreases in lung cancer prognosis by using two large databases, the National Lung Screening Trial (NLST) and International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer (IASLC). Materials and Methods In this retrospective study, a model was developed to predict cure rates based on size of solid nodules using the NLST (August 2002 to summer 2007) and IASLC (January 2011 to December 2019) databases, focusing on stage I non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Assessing Bronchiectasis Progression in Low-dose Screening for Lung Cancer: Frequency and Predictors.

Purpose: Bronchiectasis is associated with loss of lung function, substantial use of health care resources, and increased morbidity and mortality in people with cardiopulmonary diseases. We assessed the frequency of progression or new development of bronchiectasis and predictors of progression in participants in low-dose computed tomography (CT) screening programs.

Materials And Methods: We reviewed our prospectively enrolled screening cohort in the Early Lung and Cardiac Action Program cohort of smokers, aged 40 to 90, between 2010 and 2019, and medical records to assess the progression of bronchiectasis after five or more years of follow-up after baseline low-dose CT.

Assessing the impact of nodule features and software algorithm on pulmonary nodule measurement uncertainty for nodules sized 20 mm or less.

Background: Measurements are not exact, so that if a measurement is repeated, one would get a different value each time. The spread of these values is the measurement uncertainty. Understanding measurement uncertainty of pulmonary nodules is important for proper interpretation of size and growth measurements.

Timeliness of surgery for early-stage lung cancer: Patient factors and predictors.

Objectives: Time-to-treatment initiation is an important consideration for patients undergoing thoracic surgery for early-stage lung cancer because delays have the potential to adversely affect outcomes. This study seeks to quantify time-to-treatment initiation for patients with clinical stage I lung cancer, explore patient factors and predictors that lead to an increased time-to-treatment initiation, and compare surgeon perception of appropriate time-to-treatment initiation to the results.

Methods: Time-to-treatment initiation was determined for patients enrolled in the Mount Sinai Initiative for Early Lung Cancer Research on Treatment study who underwent surgical resection for clinical stage I lung cancer between March 2016 and December 2021.

A thiolated oxidized guar gum and sodium alginate dual-network microspheres with enhanced gastric acid resistance and mucoadhesion for delivery of probiotics.

Probiotics offer numerous beneficial functions for human bodies, while the low survival rate under gastric acid and short retention time in the intestine are the major obstacles to their utilization. To address these issues, we designed a novel dual-network hydrogel microsphere that combines gastric acid resistance with enhanced mucoadhesion, aiming for the targeted delivery of probiotics. Thiolated oxidized guar gum (SOGG) was disulfide-linked to form the first network, and sodium alginate (SA) was cross-linked with Ca to form the second network.

Postbiotics-peptidoglycan, lipoteichoic acid, exopolysaccharides, surface layer protein and pili proteins-Structure, activity in wounds and their delivery systems.

Chronic wound healing is a pressing global public health concern. Abuse and drug resistance of antibiotics are the key problems in the treatment of chronic wounds at present. Postbiotics are a novel promising strategy.

A Mechanically Resilient Soft Hydrogel Improves Drug Delivery for Treating Post-Traumatic Osteoarthritis in Physically Active Joints.

Intra-articular delivery of disease-modifying osteoarthritis drugs (DMOADs) is likely to be most effective in early post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) when symptoms are minimal and patients are physically active. DMOAD delivery systems therefore must withstand repeated mechanical loading without affecting the drug release kinetics. Although soft materials are preferred for DMOAD delivery, mechanical loading can compromise their structural integrity and disrupt drug release.

Assessment of sleep parameters in adults with persistent post-concussive symptoms.

Objectives: The primary aim of this study was to characterize sleep in adults with persistent post-concussive symptoms (PPCS). Secondary aims explored relationships between sleep parameters, injury characteristics, and symptom questionnaires.

Methods: This case-controlled, cross-sectional study recruited adults (18-65yrs) diagnosed with PPCS and age and sex-matched controls.

An immunohistochemical atlas of necroptotic pathway expression.

Necroptosis is a lytic form of regulated cell death reported to contribute to inflammatory diseases of the gut, skin and lung, as well as ischemic-reperfusion injuries of the kidney, heart and brain. However, precise identification of the cells and tissues that undergo necroptotic cell death in vivo has proven challenging in the absence of robust protocols for immunohistochemical detection. Here, we provide automated immunohistochemistry protocols to detect core necroptosis regulators - Caspase-8, RIPK1, RIPK3 and MLKL - in formalin-fixed mouse and human tissues.

Thyroid abnormalities identified on CT screening for lung cancer.

Purpose: Because incidental thyroid nodules (ITNs) are common extrapulmonary findings in low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) scans for lung cancer screening, we aimed to investigate the frequency of ITNs on LDCT scans separately on baseline and annual repeat scans, the frequency of malignancy among the ITNs, and any association with demographic, clinical, CT characteristics.

Methods: Retrospective case series of all 2309 participants having baseline and annual repeat screening in an Early Lung and Cardiac Action Program (MS-ELCAP) LDCT lung screening program from January 2010 to December 2016 was performed. Frequency of ITNs in baseline and annual repeat rounds were determined.

Visual scoring of osteoporosis on low-dose CT in lung cancer screening population.

Objectives: The risk factors for lung cancer screening eligibility, age as well as smoking history, are also present for osteoporosis. This study aims to develop a visual scoring system to identify osteoporosis that can be applied to low-dose CT scans obtained for lung cancer screening.

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 1000 prospectively enrolled participants in the lung cancer screening program at the Mount Sinai Hospital.

Change in quality of life of stage IA non-small cell lung cancer after surgery or radiation therapy.

Background: Few studies have examined the differential impact of stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) and surgery for early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) on quality of life (QoL) during the first post-treatment year.

Methods: A prospective cohort of stage IA NSCLC patients undergoing surgery or SBRT at Mount Sinai Health System had QoL measured before treatment, and 2, 6, and 12 months post-treatment using: 12-item Short Form Health Survey version 2 (SF-12) [physical component summary (PCS) and mental component summary (MCS)], Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Lung Cancer Subscale (FACT-LCS), and the Patient Health Questionnaire-4 (PHQ-4) measuring depression and anxiety. Locally weighted scatterplot smoothing (LOWESS) was fitted to identify the best interval knot for the change in the QoL trends post-treatment, adjusted piecewise linear mixed effects model was developed to estimate differences in baseline, 2- and 12-month scores, and rates of change.

SRPK2 Mediates HBV Core Protein Phosphorylation and Capsid Assembly via Docking Interaction.

Members of the serine-arginine protein kinase (SRPK) family, SRPK1 and SRPK2, phosphorylate the hepatitis B core protein (Cp) and are crucial for pregenomic RNA encapsidation during viral nucleocapsid assembly. Among them, SRPK2 exhibits higher kinase activity toward Cp. In this study, we identified Cp sites that are phosphorylated by SRPK2 and demonstrated that the kinase utilizes an SRPK-specific docking groove to interact with and regulate the phosphorylation of the C-terminal arginine rich domain of Cp.

A high throughput immuno-affinity mass spectrometry method for detection and quantitation of SARS-CoV-2 nucleoprotein in human saliva and its comparison with RT-PCR, RT-LAMP, and lateral flow rapid antigen test.

Objectives: Many reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) methods exist that can detect SARS-CoV-2 RNA in different matrices. RT-PCR is highly sensitive, although viral RNA may be detected long after active infection has taken place. SARS-CoV-2 proteins have shorter detection windows hence their detection might be more meaningful.

CT Predictors of Visceral Pleural Invasion in Patients with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancers 30 mm or Smaller.

Background CT-defined visceral pleural invasion (VPI) is an important indicator of prognosis for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, there is a lack of studies focused on small subpleural NSCLCs (≤30 mm). Purpose To identify CT features predictive of VPI in patients with subpleural NSCLCs 30 mm or smaller.

Liquid Biopsy Proteomics in Ophthalmology.

Minimally invasive liquid biopsies from the eye capture locally enriched fluids that contain thousands of proteins from highly specialized ocular cell types, presenting a promising alternative to solid tissue biopsies. The advantages of liquid biopsies include sampling the eye without causing irreversible functional damage, potentially better reflecting tissue heterogeneity, collecting samples in an outpatient setting, monitoring therapeutic response with sequential sampling, and even allowing examination of disease mechanisms at the cell level in living humans, an approach that we refer to as TEMPO (Tracing Expression of Multiple Protein Origins). Liquid biopsy proteomics has the potential to transform molecular diagnostics and prognostics and to assess disease mechanisms and personalized therapeutic strategies in individual patients.

Radiologic Features of Nodules Attached to the Mediastinal or Diaphragmatic Pleura at Low-Dose CT for Lung Cancer Screening.

Background Pulmonary noncalcified nodules (NCNs) attached to the fissural or costal pleura with smooth margins and triangular or lentiform, oval, or semicircular (LOS) shapes at low-dose CT are recommended for annual follow-up instead of immediate workup. Purpose To determine whether management of mediastinal or diaphragmatic pleura-attached NCNs (M/DP-NCNs) with the same features as fissural or costal pleura-attached NCNs at low-dose CT can follow the same recommendations. Materials and Methods This retrospective study reviewed chest CT examinations in participants from two databases.