Publications by authors named "Yip H Chin"
Article Synopsis
- The meta-analysis examines how sex affects mortality risk in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) who lack standard modifiable risk factors (referred to as SMuRF-less) compared to those who have at least one risk factor (SMuRF).
- It analyzed data from eight studies, revealing that women in the SMuRF-less group had higher in-hospital mortality rates than men, while men showed no significant increase in mortality.
- The findings indicate that women without cardiovascular risk factors face greater short- and medium-term mortality risks after an ACS event compared to their male counterparts.
Article Synopsis
- This study investigates how metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) affects long-term survival in patients who have suffered an acute myocardial infarction (AMI) across different body weight categories.
- The four patient groups analyzed were obesity MASLD, non-obesity MASLD, obesity non-MASLD, and non-obesity non-MASLD, with findings showing that non-obesity MASLD had the highest risk of heart failure and long-term mortality.
- The results indicate that both obesity and non-obesity MASLD are significant predictors of all-cause mortality post-AMI, particularly highlighting the greater risk associated with non-obesity MASLD.
Article Synopsis
- The study aims to project cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality trends and risk factors from 2025 to 2050 to aid healthcare planning.
- Using historical data and Poisson regression, projections indicate a significant increase in CVD prevalence (90%), crude mortality (73.4%), and DALYs (54.7%), with ischaemic heart disease and high blood pressure as major contributors.
- Despite a stable age-standardized CVD prevalence, the study underscores a concerning rise in crude mortality due to an aging population, prompting the need for effective healthcare strategies.
The burden of cardiovascular disease in Asia from 2025 to 2050: a forecast analysis for East Asia, South Asia, South-East Asia, Central Asia, and high-income Asia Pacific regions.
Lancet Reg Health West Pac
August 2024
Article Synopsis
- A study forecasts a 91.2% increase in crude cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality in Asia from 2025 to 2050, despite a 23.0% decrease in the age-standardized mortality rate.
- Ischaemic heart disease and stroke will remain the top causes of mortality, with Central Asia experiencing the highest mortality rates while high systolic blood pressure is identified as the leading risk factor across most of Asia.
- The research highlights the need for targeted health interventions due to the significant variations in CVD burden across different regions in Asia.
Article Synopsis
- Malnutrition is linked to worse outcomes for patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS), impacting their prognosis and survival rates.
- The study reviewed various nutritional assessment tools and analyzed data from 30 studies with over 37,000 patients, revealing that about one-third were malnourished, leading to a mortality rate of 20.59% among them.
- Results showed that malnutrition significantly increased the risk of all-cause mortality, regardless of ACS type, ethnicity, or income, highlighting the importance of addressing nutritional status in these patients.
Background: A plethora of weight management apps are available, but many individuals, especially those living with overweight and obesity, still struggle to achieve adequate weight loss. An emerging area in weight management is the support for one's self-regulation over momentary eating impulses.
Objective: This study aims to examine the feasibility and effectiveness of a novel artificial intelligence-assisted weight management app in improving eating behaviors in a Southeast Asian cohort.
Article Synopsis
- This network meta-analysis compares the effectiveness and safety of tirzepatide with glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RA) and other FDA-approved weight loss drugs for treating obesity and overweight.
- The analysis reviewed 31 randomized controlled trials involving over 35,000 patients, highlighting that tirzepatide 15 mg is highly effective for weight loss and improving metabolic health markers compared to placebo.
- Both tirzepatide and GLP-1 RA showed significant weight loss benefits, but they also led to increased gastrointestinal side effects compared to placebo, suggesting they are promising treatments for obesity.
Article Synopsis
- The study explored user perceptions of AI-based mobile apps for weight management among adults with overweight and obesity.
- A total of 271 participants were analyzed, revealing that 69.4% intended to use AI-assisted weight loss apps, with factors like performance expectancy and enjoyment influencing their intention.
- The UTAUT2 model effectively explained 63.3% of the variance in user acceptance of these apps, highlighting its potential for app development in weight management.
Article Synopsis
- Survivors of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) show a significantly higher risk of subsequent acute myocardial infarction (AMI), with standardized incidence ratios suggesting a rate nearly five times that of the general population.
- Age and a history of prior AMI are key predictors of future AMI risk among OHCA survivors, while initial shockable rhythm does not influence this risk.
- Additionally, those who experience AMI after OHCA face a greater risk of mortality, highlighting the need for targeted preventive measures like managing cardiovascular risk factors in this patient group.
Background: High body mass index (BMI) is a major risk factor for cancer development, but its impact on the global burden of cancer remains unclear.
Methods: We estimated global and regional temporal trends in the burden of cancer attributable to high BMI, and the contributions of various cancer types using the framework of the Global Burden of Disease Study.
Results: From 2010 to 2019, there was a 35 % increase in deaths and a 34 % increase in disability-adjusted life-years from cancers attributable to high BMI.
Article Synopsis
- Bariatric surgery is a key treatment for severely obese patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), but there is limited data on how different surgical procedures impact histological outcomes related to NAFLD.
- A meta-analysis of 31 studies found that both foregut bypass and restrictive bariatric procedures significantly improved liver fibrosis, but foregut bypass showed better results for reducing liver fat and body mass index.
- Foregut bypass also led to lower levels of certain liver enzymes compared to restrictive procedures, suggesting it may be the more effective option for improving metabolic and histological parameters in NAFLD patients.
Article Synopsis
- * Overweight/obesity is forecasted to not only be the most rapidly growing risk factor but also the leading cause of AMI-related deaths, with a staggering 294.7% increase in mortality associated with it.
- * Disparities exist among ethnic groups, with Indian and Malay populations facing a higher burden of obesity and AMI-related mortality compared to Chinese individuals.
Article Synopsis
- - Recent research indicates that tirzepatide, a medication that interacts with gut hormones, effectively promotes weight loss in individuals with overweight or obesity, as shown in a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials.
- - The analysis involved approximately 5800 patients, revealing that a significant percentage achieved notable weight loss (≥5%: 78.22%, ≥10%: 55.60%, ≥15%: 32.28%) and that higher doses of tirzepatide led to greater weight loss compared to placebo and another drug, semaglutide.
- - While there were some gastrointestinal side effects linked to tirzepatide, they were not substantially different from those experienced with semaglutide,
Background: Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) has garnered attention as a prognostic and risk stratification factor for cardiovascular disease. This study, via meta-analyses, evaluates the associations between EAT and cardiovascular outcomes stratified across imaging modalities, ethnic groups, and study protocols.
Methods: Medline and Embase databases were searched without date restriction on May 2022 for articles that examined EAT and cardiovascular outcomes.
Background: Previous studies have shown that females with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) may have excess mortality risk compared to their male counterparts. An important next step to address the high global burden of T2DM and cardiovascular disease (CVD) is an umbrella review to summarize data on sex differences in cardiovascular outcomes for patients with T2DM and assess the strength of the evidence observed.
Methods And Results: Medline and Embase were searched from inception till 7 August 2022 for systematic reviews and meta-analyses studying the effects of sex on cardiovascular outcomes in T2DM patients.
Article Synopsis
- Health literacy and illness perception significantly impact the management of cardiometabolic diseases, with this study examining the differences in attitudes and knowledge between individuals with and without metabolic risk factors (MFs).
- A survey of 345 participants revealed that those with MFs tended to have lower knowledge scores but higher perceived risks regarding cardiometabolic diseases like hypertension and diabetes.
- Despite their heightened awareness of risks, individuals with MFs showed only slight increases in taking preventive actions, highlighting a critical need to bridge the gap between knowledge and actual health behaviors.
Background: Low socioeconomic status (SES) is an important prognosticator amongst patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). This paper analysed the effects of SES on ACS outcomes.
Methods: Medline and Embase were searched for articles reporting outcomes of ACS patients stratified by SES using a multidimensional index, comprising at least 2 of the following components: Income, Education and Employment.
While various influencing factors of overweight and obesity have been identified, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. We examined the relationships among sociodemographic, behavioral, and psychological factors on anthropometry in a multi-ethnic population with overweight and obesity. Participants ( = 251) were recruited from January to October 2022.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Self-monitoring smartphone apps and health coaching have both individually been shown to improve weight-related outcomes, but their combined effects remain unclear.
Objective: This study aims to examine the effectiveness of combining self-monitoring apps with health coaching on anthropometric, cardiometabolic, and lifestyle outcomes in people with overweight and obesity.
Methods: Relevant articles published from inception till June 9, 2022, were searched through 8 databases (Embase, CINAHL, PubMed, PsycINFO, Scopus, The Cochrane Library, and Web of Science).
Although most of the current evidence on myocardial infarction focuses on obesity, there is growing evidence that patients who are underweight have unfavorable prognosis. This study aimed to explore the prevalence, clinical characteristics, and prognosis of this population at risk. Embase and Medline were searched for studies reporting outcomes in populations who were underweight with myocardial infarction.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGlobal estimates of prevalence, deaths, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2019 were examined for metabolic diseases (type 2 diabetes mellitus [T2DM], hypertension, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease [NAFLD]). For metabolic risk factors (hyperlipidemia and obesity), estimates were limited to mortality and DALYs. From 2000 to 2019, prevalence rates increased for all metabolic diseases, with the greatest increase in high socio-demographic index (SDI) countries.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFArticle Synopsis
- Malnutrition and obesity are interconnected issues that affect global health, and trends in disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) and deaths related to both were analyzed using data from 204 countries from 2000 to 2019, with projections up to 2030.
- In 2019, malnutrition-related DALYs were higher in Africa and low SDI countries, while obesity-related DALYs increased annually, especially in the Eastern Mediterranean and middle SDI regions.
- The study predicts that while malnutrition-related DALYs may decrease, the burden of obesity will continue to rise significantly in the coming years, indicating a growing health crisis.