[Inhibition of Lung Squamous Cancer Target HMGCS1 Promotes Cellular Ferroptosis].

Background: Targeted therapies are ineffective in lung squamous cancer (LUSC), and the low response rate of immunotherapy hampers its application in LUSC, so it is urgent to explore new strategies for LUSC treatment. Ferroptosis plays an important role in tumour suppression. The aim of this study was to investigate the role and mechanism of targeting 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase 1 (HMGCS1) in regulating ferroptosis in LUSC cells, in order to provide a new research direction for LUSC therapy.

Global Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Importance: Overweight and obesity in childhood and adolescence is a global health issue associated with adverse outcomes throughout the life course.

Objective: To estimate worldwide prevalence of overweight and obesity in children and adolescents from 2000 to 2023 and to assess potential risk factors for and comorbidities of obesity.

Data Sources: MEDLINE, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane.

Plasma exosomes contain protein biomarkers valuable for the diagnosis of lung cancer.

Accumulating evidence indicates that exosomal proteins are critical in diagnosing malignant tumors. To identify novel exosomal biomarkers for lung cancer diagnosis, we isolated plasma exosomes from 517 lung cancer patients and 168 healthy controls (NLs)-186 lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) patients (screening (SN): 20, validation (VD): 166), 159 lung squamous carcinoma (LUSC) patients (SN: 20, VD: 139), 172 benign nodules (LUBN) patients (SN: 20, VD: 152) and 168 NLs (SN: 20, VD: 148)-and randomly assigned them to the SN or VD group. Proteomic analysis by LC-MS/MS and PRM were performed on all groups.

Bulk and single-cell RNA sequencing reveal the contribution of laminin γ2 -CD44 to the immune resistance in lymphocyte-infiltrated squamous lung cancer subtype.

The high heterogeneity of lung squamous cell carcinomas (LUSC) and the complex tumor microenvironment lead to non-response to immunotherapy in many patients. Therefore, characterizing the heterogeneity of the tumor microenvironment in patients with LUSC and further exploring the immune features and molecular mechanisms that lead to immune resistance will help improve the efficacy of immunotherapy in such patients. Herein, we retrospectively analyzed the RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) data of 513 LUSC samples with other multiomics and single-cell RNA-seq data and validated key features using multiplex immunohistochemistry.

Natural product manoalide promotes EGFR-TKI sensitivity of lung cancer cells by KRAS-ERK pathway and mitochondrial Ca overload-induced ferroptosis.

Manoalide (MA), a proven natural inhibitor of PLA2 has anticancer effects, but its potential application and mechanism as an anticancer drug to promote EGFR-TKI sensitivity in lung cancer cells have not been studied. KRAS-mutated lung cancer cells and organoids, acquired osimertinib-resistant lung cancer cell lines HCC827OR, were used as EGFR-TKI-resistant models. CCK-8, clone formation, apoptosis assays, and calcein-AM staining were performed to investigate the inhibitory effects of MA in lung cancer cells and organoids.

Mapping global epidemiology of thyroid nodules among general population: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Introduction: An emerging public health issue is brought on by the worldwide increase of thyroid nodules (TNs). The goal of the current study is to determine the global prevalence of TNs among the general population.

Methods: We screened articles published from January 2000 to May 2022.

Apelin-mediated deamidation of HMGA1 promotes tumorigenesis by enhancing SREBP1 activity and lipid synthesis.

Enhanced fatty acid synthesis provides proliferation and survival advantages for tumor cells. Apelin is an adipokine, which serves as a ligand of G protein-coupled receptors that promote tumor growth in malignant cancers. Here, we confirmed that apelin increased sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP1) activity and induced the expression of glutamine amidotransferase for deamidating high-mobility group A 1 (HMGA1) to promote fatty acid synthesis and proliferation of lung cancer cells.

Estimating global prevalence, incidence, and outcomes of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease from 2000 to 2021: systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: The increasing burden of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) worldwide imposes an emerging public health issue. We perform the current study to estimate the global prevalence, incidence, disease progression, and clinical outcomes of NAFLD.

Methods: A systematic search was conducted in Medline, Embase, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and Cochrane CENTRAL that screened articles in English language published from January 2000 to December 2021.

The heterogeneous immune landscape between lung adenocarcinoma and squamous carcinoma revealed by single-cell RNA sequencing.

A thorough interrogation of the immune landscape is crucial for immunotherapy strategy selection and prediction of clinical responses in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) techniques have prompted the opportunity to dissect the distinct immune signatures between lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC), the two major subtypes of NSCLC. Here, we performed scRNA-seq on 72,475 immune cells from 40 samples of tumor and matched adjacent normal tissues spanning 19 NSCLC patients, and drew a systematic immune cell transcriptome atlas.

Pancreatic tumor eradication via selective Pin1 inhibition in cancer-associated fibroblasts and T lymphocytes engagement.

Cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs) support tumors via multiple mechanisms, including maintaining the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and limiting infiltration of immune cells. The prolyl isomerase Pin1, whose overexpression in CAFs has not been fully profiled yet, plays critical roles in tumor initiation and progression. To decipher effects of selective Pin1 inhibition in CAFs on pancreatic cancer, here we formulate a DNA-barcoded micellular system (DMS) encapsulating the Pin1 inhibitor AG17724.

Single-Cell Transcriptomics of Immune Cells Reveal Diversity and Exhaustion Signatures in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer.

Understanding immune cell phenotypes in the tumor microenvironment (TME) is essential for explaining and predicting progression of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and its response to immunotherapy. Here we describe the single-cell transcriptomics of CD45 immune cells from tumors, normal tissues and blood of NSCLC patients. We identified three clusters of immune cells exerting immunosuppressive effects: CD8 T cells with exhausted phenotype, tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) with a pro-inflammatory M2 phenotype, and regulatory B cells (B regs) with tumor-promoting characteristics.

Lymphocyte percentage as a valuable predictor of prognosis in lung cancer.

Lymphocytes and neutrophils are involved in the immune response against cancer. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between lymphocyte percentage/neutrophil percentage and the clinical characteristics of lung cancer patients, and to explore whether they could act as valuable predictors to ameliorate lung cancer prognosis. A total of 1312 patients were eligible to be recruited.

High-dose vitamin D metabolite delivery inhibits breast cancer metastasis.

Besides its well-known benefits on human health, calcitriol, the hormonally active form of vitamin D, has been being evaluated in clinical trials as an anticancer agent. However, currently available results are contradictory and not fundamentally deciphered. To the best of our knowledge, hypercalcemia caused by high-dose calcitriol administration and its low bioavailability limit its anticancer investigations and translations.

Integrated single-cell RNA sequencing analysis reveals distinct cellular and transcriptional modules associated with survival in lung cancer.

Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and squamous carcinoma (LUSC) are two major subtypes of non-small cell lung cancer with distinct pathologic features and treatment paradigms. The heterogeneity can be attributed to genetic, transcriptional, and epigenetic parameters. Here, we established a multi-omics atlas, integrating 52 single-cell RNA sequencing and 2342 public bulk RNA sequencing.

Deciphering cell lineage specification of human lung adenocarcinoma with single-cell RNA sequencing.

Lung adenocarcinomas (LUAD) arise from precancerous lesions such as atypical adenomatous hyperplasia, which progress into adenocarcinoma in situ and minimally invasive adenocarcinoma, then finally into invasive adenocarcinoma. The cellular heterogeneity and molecular events underlying this stepwise progression remain unclear. In this study, we perform single-cell RNA sequencing of 268,471 cells collected from 25 patients in four histologic stages of LUAD and compare them to normal cell types.

Multiplatform discovery and regulatory function analysis of structural variations in non-small cell lung carcinoma.

Non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC), the most common form of lung cancer, is the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. We perform whole-genome sequencing (WGS) on samples from 43 primary patients with NSCLC and matched normal samples and analyze their matched open chromatin data and transcriptome data. Our results indicate that next-generation sequencing (NGS) and the Bionano Genomics (BNG) platform should be viewed as complementary technologies in terms of structural variations detection.

miR-15a-5p inhibits metastasis and lipid metabolism by suppressing histone acetylation in lung cancer.

Metabolic reprogramme was a key characteristic of malignant tumors. Increased evidences indicated that besides Warburg effect (abnormal glucose metabolism), abnormal lipid metabolism played more and more important in progression and metastasis of malignant tumors. MiR-15a-5p could inhibit development of lung cancer, while its regulating mechanism, especially the role in lipid metabolism still remained unclear.

Apelin enhances biological functions in lung cancer A549 cells by downregulating exosomal miR-15a-5p.

Apelin acts as a tumor promoter in multiple malignant tumors; however, its regulatory mechanism remains unclear. Previous studies have indicated that exosomes are pivotal to mediating tumor progression and metastasis. This study examined whether apelin enhances proliferation and invasion ability of lung cancer cells via exosomal microRNA (miRNA).

The diagnostic efficiency of seven autoantibodies in lung cancer.

This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of seven autoantibodies in all lung cancer, lung adenocarcinoma, lung squamous cell carcinoma and early-stage lung cancer patients. ELISA testing of a seven autoantibody panel was performed on 386 lung cancer patients and 238 normal controls. The sensitivity and specificity of each autoantibody were analyzed using the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis.

Cucurbitacin I induces pro-death autophagy in A549 cells via the ERK-mTOR-STAT3 signaling pathway.

Natural products are a great source of cancer chemotherapeutic agents. In the present study, the anticancer effects of cucurbitacin I on A549 cells were investigated. Cucurbitacin I decreased cell viability, inhibited colony formation, and induced apoptosis in A549 cells.

[Cucurbitacin I (JSI-124)-induced apoptosis of HepG2 cells via p53 signaling pathway].

Objective To study the mechanism underlying cucurbitacin I (JSI-124) inducing cell apoptosis in human hepatoma HepG2 cells. Methods HepG2 cells were exposed to 0.01, 0.

Purification and side chain selective chemical modifications of glutamate dehydrogenase from Bacillus subtilis natto.

Glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) from Bacillus subtilis natto was purified to apparent homogeneity by ammonium sulfate precipitation, ion-exchange chromatography, size exclusion chromatography, and hydroxyapatite (HA) affinity chromatography. The GDH was purified 34-fold, with a yield of 41 % of total activity and a specific activity of 34.29 U/mg proteins.