Localization of southern tomato virus (STV) in tomato tissues.

Southern tomato virus (STV) is a dsRNA virus, which belongs to the newly formed genus of the family. Currently there is no report regarding the presence of STV in tomato tissues. In this study, we performed in situ hybridization to examine the distribution of STV in host tissues.

Global Spread Dynamics and Intrinsic Evolutionary Dynamics of Apple Chlorotic Leaf Spot Virus Whole-Genome Sequences over the Last 30 Years.

Apple chlorotic leaf spot virus (ACLSV; genus ) is an economically important virus. Approximately 101 ACLSV whole-genome sequences were obtained from NCBI and used to explore the evolutionary dynamics of ACLSV. The time to the most recent common ancestor of ACLSV based on BEAST analysis appeared on an apple host from Canada in 1918 and then spread around the world in three ways concurrent with host spread.

Screening the Reference Genes for Quantitative Gene Expression by RT-qPCR During SE Initial Dedifferentiation in Four Cultivars that Have Different SE Capability.

RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq)-based gene expression analysis is applicable to a wide range of biological purposes in various species. Reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) is also used to assess target gene expression utilizing stably expressed reference genes as internal control under a given set of conditions. However, investigations of the reference genes for RT-qPCR normalization in the process of somatic embryogenesis (SE) initial dedifferentiation in are rarely reported.

Synthesis and Preliminary Biological Evaluation of Two Fluoroolefin Analogs of Largazole Inspired by the Structural Similarity of the Side Chain Unit in Psammaplin A.

Largazole, isolated from a marine of the genus , is a potent and selective Class I HDAC (histone deacetylation enzymes) inhibitor. This natural 16-membered macrocyclic depsipeptide features an interesting side chain unit, namely 3-hydroxy-7-mercaptohept-4-enoic acid, which occurs in many other natural sulfur-containing HDAC inhibitors. Notably, one similar fragment, where the amide moiety replaces the alkene moiety, appears in Psammaplin A, another marine natural product with potent HDAC inhibitory activities.

CsCO-promoted defluorination and functionalization of α-CF carbonyl compounds in the presence of -, -, and/or -nucleophiles.

A simple, efficient, and mild method for defluorination and functionalization of 3,3,3-trifluoro carbonyl compounds has been developed. In the present method, CsCO can easily convert α-trifluoromethyl esters, amides, and ketones into β,β--, - and/or -substituted α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds in the presence of -, -, and -nucleophiles with moderate to excellent yields, and furthermore, this transformation with α-trifluoromethyl ester and a series of 2-aminophenols can result in benzooxazoles in good yields.

Comparative Transcriptome Analysis of SE initial dedifferentiation in cotton of different SE capability.

Somatic embryogenesis (SE) is a critical transition from vegetative to embryogenic growth in higher plants; however, few studies have investigated the mechanism that regulates SE initial differentiation. Most cotton varieties have not undergone regeneration by SE, so only a few varieties can be used in genetic engineering. Here, two varieties of cotton with different SE capabilities (HD, higher differentiation and LD, lower differentiation) were analyzed by high throughout RNA-Seq at the pre-induction stage (0h) and two induction stages (3h and 3d) under callus-induction medium (CIM).