Chitosan alleviates symptoms of Parkinson's disease by reducing acetate levels, which decreases inflammation and promotes repair of the intestinal barrier and blood-brain barrier.

Studies have shown that chitosan protects against neurodegenerative diseases. However, the precise mechanism remains poorly understood. In this study, we administered chitosan intragastrically to an MPTP-induced mouse model of Parkinson's disease and found that it effectively reduced dopamine neuron injury, neurotransmitter dopamine release, and motor symptoms.

Ferroptosis Mediates Pulmonary Fibrosis: Implications for the Effect of and Decoction.

Objective: To investigate the mechanism through which and decoction (APD) facilitates the treatment of ferroptosis-mediated pulmonary fibrosis.

Materials And Methods: First, the electromedical measurement systems were used to measure respiratory function in mice; the lungs were then collected for histological staining. Potential pharmacologic targets were predicted via network pharmacology.

The BMAL1/HIF2A heterodimer modulates circadian variations of myocardial injury.

Acute myocardial infarction stands as a prominent cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Clinical studies have demonstrated that the severity of cardiac injury following myocardial infarction exhibits a circadian pattern, with larger infarct sizes and poorer outcomes in patients experiencing morning onset myocardial infarctions. However, the molecular mechanisms that govern circadian variations of myocardial injury remain unclear.

Targeting iron-metabolism:a potential therapeutic strategy for pulmonary fibrosis.

Iron homeostasisis is integral to normal physiological and biochemical processes of lungs. The maintenance of iron homeostasis involves the process of intake, storage and output, dependening on iron-regulated protein/iron response element system to operate tightly metabolism-related genes, including TFR1, DMT1, Fth, and FPN. Dysregulation of iron can lead to iron overload, which increases the virulence of microbial colonisers and the occurrence of oxidative stress, causing alveolar epithelial cells to undergo necrosis and apoptosis, and form extracellular matrix.

Valeric acid reduction by chitosan oligosaccharide induces autophagy in a Parkinson's disease mouse model.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a central nervous system disease with the highest disability and mortality rate worldwide, and it is caused by a variety of factors. The most common medications for PD have side effects with limited therapeutic outcomes. Many studies have reported that chitosan oligosaccharide (COS) crossed blood-brain barrier to achieve a neuroprotective effect in PD.

PharmGWAS: a GWAS-based knowledgebase for drug repurposing.

Leveraging genetics insights to promote drug repurposing has become a promising and active strategy in pharmacology. Indeed, among the 50 drugs approved by FDA in 2021, two-thirds have genetically supported evidence. In this regard, the increasing amount of widely available genome-wide association studies (GWAS) datasets have provided substantial opportunities for drug repurposing based on genetics discoveries.

Deciphering mechanisms of cardiomyocytes and non-cardiomyocyte transformation in myocardial remodeling of permanent atrial fibrillation.

Introduction: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most prevalent cardiac arrhythmia, and it significantly increases the risk of cardiovascular complications and morbidity, even with appropriate treatment. Tissue remodeling has been a significant topic, while its systematic transcriptional signature remains unclear in AF.

Objectives: Our study aims to systematically investigate the molecular characteristics of AF at the cellular-level.

Iron-inhibited autophagy via transcription factor ZFP27 in Parkinson's disease.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a challenge because of the ageing of the population and the disease's complicated pathogenesis. Accumulating evidence showed that iron and autophagy were involved in PD. Nevertheless, the molecular mechanism and role of iron and autophagy in PD are not yet elucidated.

Astragalus polysaccharide protects experimental colitis through an aryl hydrocarbon receptor-dependent autophagy mechanism.

Background And Purpose: Disruption of intestinal barriers plays a vital role in the pathogenesis of colitis. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a recognition sensor that mediates intestinal immune homeostasis and minimizes intestinal inflammation. Astragalus polysaccharide (APS) exerts pharmacological actions in colitis; however, the mechanism has not been elucidated.

Beneficial Rhizobacterium Triggers Induced Systemic Resistance of Maize to Gibberella Stalk Rot via Calcium Signaling.

Gibberella stalk rot (GSR) caused by the fungus is a devastating disease of maize ( L.), but we lack efficient methods to control this disease. Biological control agents, including beneficial microorganisms, can be used as an effective and eco-friendly approach to manage crop diseases.

Dynamic cellular changes in acute kidney injury caused by different ischemia time.

Ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI), often related to surgical procedures, is one of the important causes of acute kidney injury (AKI). To decipher the dynamic process of AKI caused by IRI (with prolonged ischemia phase), we performed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) of clinically relevant IRI murine model with different ischemic intervals. We discovered that Slc5a2 proximal tubular cells were susceptible to AKI and highly expressed neutral amino acid transporter gene , which was dramatically decreased over the time course.

Identification of Survival-Related Genes in Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) Based on Cytogenetically Normal AML Samples Using Weighted Gene Coexpression Network Analysis.

The prognosis of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) remains a challenge. In this study, we applied the weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) to find survival-specific genes in AML based on 42 adult CN-AML samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Eighteen hub genes (13, 3, 1, 8, 42, 1, 3, 31, 2, 43, 84, , , 8, 1, 2, 4, and 1) were found to be related to AML patient survival time.

Protective Effects of Polysaccharides in Neurodegenerative Diseases.

Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are characterized by progressive degeneration and necrosis of neurons, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Huntington's disease and others. There are no existing therapies that correct the progression of these diseases, and current therapies provide merely symptomatic relief. The use of polysaccharides has received significant attention due to extensive biological activities and application prospects.

Causal Inference of Genetic Variants and Genes in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis.

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal progressive multisystem disorder with limited therapeutic options. Although genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have revealed multiple ALS susceptibility loci, the exact identities of causal variants, genes, cell types, tissues, and their functional roles in the development of ALS remain largely unknown. Here, we reported a comprehensive post-GWAS analysis of the recent large ALS GWAS ( = 80,610), including functional mapping and annotation (FUMA), transcriptome-wide association study (TWAS), colocalization (COLOC), and summary data-based Mendelian randomization analyses (SMR) in extensive multi-omics datasets.

A study on the current state and equity level of social participation ability among older adults in Henan Province, China.

Background: The social participation ability among older adults (SPAOA) plays an important role in enhancing their quality of life and utilization of medical services. This study aimed to evaluate the current state and equity level of SPAOA in Henan Province, China, as well as explore the factors associated with the current state and equity level of SPAOA.

Methods: This study analyzed data from the "2019 Henan Provincial Older Adults Ability Assessment Survey", which included 4,593 older people (over 60 years old).

CeDR Atlas: a knowledgebase of cellular drug response.

Drug response to many diseases varies dramatically due to the complex genomics and functional features and contexts. Cellular diversity of human tissues, especially tumors, is one of the major contributing factors to the different drug response in different samples. With the accumulation of single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data, it is now possible to study the drug response to different treatments at the single cell resolution.

Transcriptome and Oxylipin Profiling Joint Analysis Reveals Opposite Roles of 9-Oxylipins and Jasmonic Acid in Maize Resistance to Gibberella Stalk Rot.

Gibberella stalk rot caused by is one of the devastating diseases of maize that causes significant yield losses worldwide. The molecular mechanisms regulating defense against this pathogen remain poorly understood. According to recent studies, a major oxylipin hormone produced by 13-lipoxygenases (LOX) namely jasmonic acid (JA) has been associated with maize susceptibility to GSR.

MicroRNA-138 Increases Chemo-Sensitivity of Glioblastoma through Downregulation of Survivin.

Glioblastoma (GBM) is one of the most deadly cancers and poorly responses to chemotherapies, such as temozolomide (TMZ). Dysregulation of intrinsic signaling pathways in cancer cells are often resulted by dysregulated tumor suppressive microRNAs (miRNAs). Previously, we found miR-138 as one of tumor suppressive miRNAs that were significantly down-regulated in GBM.

Electrical stimulation of neonatal rat cardiomyocytes using conductive polydopamine-reduced graphene oxide-hybrid hydrogels for constructing cardiac microtissues.

The development of diversified biomaterials in tissue engineering has been promoted by growing research into carbon-based nanomaterials. Usually, ideal scaffold materials should possess properties similar to the extracellular matrix of natural myocardial tissue. In this study, dopamine-reduced graphene oxide (GO), was prepared and doped into gelatin methacrylate (GelMA) hydrogels, resulting in novel conductive and mechanical properties for controlling cell growth.

MicroRNA-138 suppresses glioblastoma proliferation through downregulation of CD44.

Tumor suppressive microRNAs (miRNAs) are increasingly implicated in the development of anti-tumor therapy by reprogramming gene network that are aberrantly regulated in cancer cells. This study aimed to determine the therapeutic potential of putative tumor suppressive miRNA, miR-138, against glioblastoma (GBM). Whole transcriptome and miRNA expression profiling analyses on human GBM patient tissues identified miR-138 as one of the significantly downregulated miRNAs with an inverse correlation with CD44 expression.

Deep generative neural network for accurate drug response imputation.

Drug response differs substantially in cancer patients due to inter- and intra-tumor heterogeneity. Particularly, transcriptome context, especially tumor microenvironment, has been shown playing a significant role in shaping the actual treatment outcome. In this study, we develop a deep variational autoencoder (VAE) model to compress thousands of genes into latent vectors in a low-dimensional space.

Overexpression of miR-1306-5p, miR-3195, and miR-3914 Inhibits Ameloblast Differentiation through Suppression of Genes Associated with Human Amelogenesis Imperfecta.

Amelogenesis imperfecta is a congenital form of enamel hypoplasia. Although a number of genetic mutations have been reported in humans, the regulatory network of these genes remains mostly unclear. To identify signatures of biological pathways in amelogenesis imperfecta, we conducted bioinformatic analyses on genes associated with the condition in humans.

Gene expression imputation and cell-type deconvolution in human brain with spatiotemporal precision and its implications for brain-related disorders.

As the most complex organ of the human body, the brain is composed of diverse regions, each consisting of distinct cell types and their respective cellular interactions. Human brain development involves a finely tuned cascade of interactive events. These include spatiotemporal gene expression changes and dynamic alterations in cell-type composition.

Retraction Note: Identification of de novo mutations in prenatal neurodevelopment-associated genes in schizophrenia in two Han Chinese patient-sibling family-based cohorts.

This article has been retracted. Please see the Retraction Notice for more detail: https://doi.org/10.

Identification of de novo mutations in prenatal neurodevelopment-associated genes in schizophrenia in two Han Chinese patient-sibling family-based cohorts.

Schizophrenia (SCZ) is a severe psychiatric disorder with a strong genetic component. High heritability of SCZ suggests a major role for transmitted genetic variants. Furthermore, SCZ is also associated with a marked reduction in fecundity, leading to the hypothesis that alleles with large effects on risk might often occur de novo.