In maize, co-expression of GAT and GR79-EPSPS provides high glyphosate resistance, along with low glyphosate residues.

Unlabelled: Herbicide tolerance has been the dominant trait introduced during the global commercialization of genetically modified (GM) crops. Herbicide-tolerant crops, especially glyphosate-resistant crops, offer great advantages for weed management; however, despite these benefits, glyphosate-resistant maize ( L.) has not yet been commercially deployed in China.

The basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor gene, OsbHLH38, plays a key role in controlling rice salt tolerance.

The plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) is crucial for plant seed germination and abiotic stress tolerance. However, the association between ABA sensitivity and plant abiotic stress tolerance remains largely unknown. In this study, 436 rice accessions were assessed for their sensitivity to ABA during seed germination.

High-Throughput Preparation and Characterization of ZrMoTaW Refractory Multi-Principal Element Alloy Film.

In this work, high-throughput screening technology is applied to four-member refractory multi-principal element alloys (RMPEAs) films with high W content. The exploration of refractory metals such as W is strictly limited by the high melting temperature in this work; a multi-gradient deposition method was introduced to overcome this obstacle. By adjusting the power and distance from the target to the sample, component ZrMoTaW with the best hardening performance was successfully obtained.

Effects of Insect-Resistant Maize HGK60 on Community Diversity of Bacteria and Fungi in Rhizosphere Soil.

The influence of biotech crops on microbial communities in rhizosphere soil is an important issue in biosafety assessments. The transgenic maize HGK60 harboring the Bt gene enhanced the resistance to lepidopteran pests, while the ecological risk of HGK60 maize on rhizosphere microorganisms is unclear. In this study, we comprehensively analyzed the diversity and composition of bacterial and fungal communities in the rhizosphere soil around Bt maize HGK60 and the near-isogenic non-Bt maize ZD958 at four growth stages via a high-throughput sequencing technique.

Transcriptome and Metabolome Analyses Reveal Complex Molecular Mechanisms Involved in the Salt Tolerance of Rice Induced by Exogenous Allantoin.

Allantoin is crucial for plant growth and development as well as adaptations to abiotic stresses, but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we comprehensively analyzed the physiological indices, transcriptomes, and metabolomes of rice seedlings following salt, allantoin, and salt + allantoin treatments. The results revealed that exogenous allantoin positively affects the salt tolerance by increasing the contents of endogenous allantoin with antioxidant activities, increasing the reactive oxygen species (ROS)-scavenging capacity, and maintaining sodium and potassium homeostasis.

Global N-Methyladenosine Profiling Revealed the Tissue-Specific Epitranscriptomic Regulation of Rice Responses to Salt Stress.

N-methyladenosine (mA) methylation represents a new layer of the epitranscriptomic regulation of plant development and growth. However, the effects of mA on rice responses to environmental stimuli remain unclear. In this study, we performed a methylated-RNA immunoprecipitation sequencing analysis and compared the changes in mA methylation and gene expression in rice under salt stress conditions.

Effect of Temperature on the Corrosion Behavior and Corrosion Resistance of Copper-Aluminum Laminated Composite Plate.

In this paper, the effect of temperature on the corrosion behavior and corrosion resistance of the copper-aluminum laminated composite plates were investigated by salt-spray corrosion, potential polarization curve and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Moreover, the microstructure of the copper-aluminum laminated composite plate after salt-spray corrosion was observed by scanning electron microscope, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy was used to study the composition of corrosion product. The results revealed that the corrosion products of the copper-aluminum laminated composite plate were AlO and AlOOH.

Molecular Dissection of the Gene Conferring Osmotic Stress Tolerance in Rice.

Gibberellin 2-oxidase (GA2ox) plays an important role in the GA catabolic pathway and the molecular function of the genes in plant abiotic stress tolerance remains largely unknown. In this study, we functionally characterized the rice () gene. The protein was localized in the nucleus, cell membrane, and cytoplasm, and was induced in response to various abiotic stresses and phytohormones.

Comparative transcriptome and metabolome profiling reveal molecular mechanisms underlying OsDRAP1-mediated salt tolerance in rice.

Integration of transcriptomics and metabolomics data can provide detailed information for better understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying salt tolerance in rice. In the present study, we report a comprehensive analysis of the transcriptome and metabolome of rice overexpressing the OsDRAP1 gene, which encodes an ERF transcription factor and was previously identified to be conferring drought tolerance. Phenotypic analysis showed that OsDRAP1 overexpression (OE) improved salt tolerance by increasing the survival rate under salt stress.

Overexpression of the Transcription Factor Gene OsSTAP1 Increases Salt Tolerance in Rice.

Background: High soil salinity can cause significant losses in rice productivity worldwide, mainly because salt inhibits plant growth and reduces grain yield. To cope with environmental changes, plants have evolved several adaptive mechanisms that involve the regulation of many stress-responsive genes.

Results: In this study, we identified OsSTAP1, which encodes an AP2/ERF-type transcription factor, was rapidly induced by ABA, ACC, salt, cold, and PEG treatments.

A U-box E3 ubiquitin ligase OsPUB67 is positively involved in drought tolerance in rice.

OsPUB67, a U-box E3 ubiquitin ligase, may interact with two drought tolerance negative regulators (OsRZFP34 and OsDIS1) and improve drought tolerance by enhancing the reactive oxygen scavenging ability and stomatal closure. E3 ubiquitin ligases are major components of the ubiquitination cascade and contribute to the biotic and abiotic stress response in plants. In the present study, we show that a rice drought responsive gene, OsPUB67, encoding the U-box E3 ubiquitin ligase was significantly induced by drought, salt, cold, JA, and ABA, and was expressed in nuclei, cytoplasm, and membrane systems.

Effects of resveratrol on learning and memory in rats with vascular dementia.

The purpose of the present study was to study the effects of resveratrol on cognitive function in rats with vascular dementia and to investigate the molecular mechanisms of its neuroprotective effects. Forty‑five SD rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: The control group (Con group, n=15), the model group (VD group, n=15) and the resveratrol‑treated VD group (Res group, n=15). The VD rats (the VD group and the Res group) were generated by bilateral common carotid artery occlusion.

Characterization of Transcription Factor Gene Conferring Drought Tolerance in Rice.

Overexpressing and RNA interfering transgenic rice plants exhibited significantly improved and reduced drought tolerance, but accompanied with negative effects on development and yield. The dehydration responsive element binding (DREBs) genes are important transcription factors which play a crucial role in plant abiotic stress tolerances. In this study, we functionally characterized a DREB2-like gene, conferring drought tolerance (DT) in rice.

Differential transcriptome profiling of chilling stress response between shoots and rhizomes of Oryza longistaminata using RNA sequencing.

Rice (Oryza sativa) is very sensitive to chilling stress at seedling and reproductive stages, whereas wild rice, O. longistaminata, tolerates non-freezing cold temperatures and has overwintering ability. Elucidating the molecular mechanisms of chilling tolerance (CT) in O.

Genome-Wide Differences in DNA Methylation Changes in Two Contrasting Rice Genotypes in Response to Drought Conditions.

Differences in drought stress tolerance within diverse rice genotypes have been attributed to genetic diversity and epigenetic alterations. DNA methylation is an important epigenetic modification that influences diverse biological processes, but its effects on rice drought stress tolerance are poorly understood. In this study, methylated DNA immunoprecipitation sequencing and an Affymetrix GeneChip rice genome array were used to profile the DNA methylation patterns and transcriptomes of the drought-tolerant introgression line DK151 and its drought-sensitive recurrent parent IR64 under drought and control conditions.