Oligodendrocyte Progenitor Cell Transplantation Ameliorates Preterm Infant Cerebral White Matter Injury in Rats Model.

Background: Cerebral white matter injury (WMI) is the most common brain injury in preterm infants, leading to motor and developmental deficits often accompanied by cognitive impairment. However, there is no effective treatment. One promising approach for treating preterm WMI is cell replacement therapy, in which lost cells can be replaced by exogenous oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs).

Intrauterine desensitization enables long term survival of human oligodendrocyte progenitor cells without immunosuppression.

Immune rejection can be reduced using immunosuppressants which are not viable for premature infants. However, desensitization can induce immune tolerance for premature infants because of underdeveloped immune system. The fetuses of Wistar rats at 15-17 days gestation were injected via hOPCs-1 into brain, muscles, and abdomen ex utero and then returned while the fetuses of control without injection.

Identifying Genes that Affect Differentiation of Human Neural Stem Cells and Myelination of Mature Oligodendrocytes.

Human neural stem cells (NSCs) are self-renewing, multipotent cells of the central nervous system (CNS). They are characterized by their ability to differentiate into a range of cells, including oligodendrocytes (OLs), neurons, and astrocytes, depending on exogenous stimuli. An efficient and easy directional differentiation method was developed for obtaining large quantities of high-quality of human OL progenitor cells (OPCs) and OLs from NSCs.

Optimization of an Intranasal Route for the Delivery of Human Neural Stem Cells to Treat a Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain Injury Rat Model.

Objective: Stem cell administration via the intranasal route has shown promise as a new therapy for hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). In this study, we aimed to improve the intranasal delivery of stem cells to the brain.

Methods: Human neural stem cells (hNSCs) were identified using immunofluorescence, morphological, and flow cytometry assays before transplantation, and cell migration capacity was examined using the transwell assay.

Transplanted Human Oligodendrocyte Progenitor Cells Restore Neurobehavioral Deficits in a Rat Model of Preterm White Matter Injury.

Preterm white matter injury (PWMI) is a common brain injury and a leading cause of life-long neurological deficits in premature infants; however, no effective treatment is available yet. This study aimed to investigate the fate and effectiveness of transplanted human oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (hOPCs) in a rat model of PWMI. Hypoxia-ischemia was induced in rats at postnatal day 3, and hOPCs (6 × 10 cells/5 μL) were intracerebroventricularly transplanted at postnatal day 7.

A novel RIP1/RIP3 dual inhibitor promoted OPC survival and myelination in a rat neonatal white matter injury model with hOPC graft.

Background: The dual inhibitors of receptor interacting protein kinase-1 and -3 (RIP1 and RIP3) play an important role in cell death processes and inflammatory responses. White matter injury (WMI), a leading cause of neurodevelopmental disabilities in preterm infants, which is characterized by extensive myelination disturbances and demyelination. Neuroinflammation, leads to the loss and differentiation-inhibition of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs), represents a major barrier to myelin repair.

[Tumor necrosis factor α inhibits the migration of human oligodendrocyte precursor cells in vitro].

Objective To investigate the impact of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) on the migration ability of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) derived from human adult neural stem cells (NSCs) for transplantation therapy. Methods Flow cytometry was performed to detect the expressions of platelet derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFRα) and ST8 alpha-N-acetyl-neuraminide alpha-2,8-sialyltransferase 1 (ST8SIA1/A2B5) in human OPCs. OPCs were cultured and incubated with 0, 10, 100, 200 ng/mL TNF-α for 18 hours.

Identifying the functions of two biomarkers in human oligodendrocyte progenitor cell development.

Background: Human oligodendrocyte precursor cells (hOPCs) are an important source of myelinating cells for cell transplantation to treat demyelinating diseases. Myelin oligodendrocytes develop from migratory and proliferative hOPCs. It is well known that NG2 and A2B5 are important biological markers of hOPCs.

[Protective effect of transplantation of human oligodendrocyte precursor cells in a rat model of white matter injury].

Objective: To study the effect of human oligodendrocyte precursor cell (hOPC) transplantation in the treatment of white matter injury (WMI).

Methods: Neonatal rats were randomly divided into a sham-operation group, a model group, and a transplantation group (=10 each). At the age of 3 days, the rats in the model group and the transplantation group were treated with right common carotid artery ligation, followed by hypoxia for 2 hours, to prepare a rat model of WMI.

Study on the Safety of Human Oligodendrocyte Precursor Cell Transplantation in Young Animals and Its Efficacy on Myelination.

Oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) can differentiate into myelinating oligodendrocytes during embryonic development, thereby representing an important potential source for myelin repair or regeneration. To the best of our knowledge, there are very few OPCs from human sources (human-derived OPCs [hOPCs]). In this study, we aimed to evaluate the safety and remyelination capacity of hOPCs developed in our laboratory, transplanted into the lateral ventricles of young animals.

[Optimization of cryopreservative method for human fetal brain neural stem cells-derived oligodendrocyte precursor cells].

Objective To explore the impact of various conditions during cryopreservation on the survival rate of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) derived from human fetal neural stem cells. Methods We compared the cell viability of oligodendrocyte precursors harvested with or without digestion. Then we tested the impact of 3 factors during cryopreservation, freezing solutions (solution with 70 mL/L DMSO and 930 mL/L FBS; solution with 70 mL/L DMSO, 300 mL/L FBS and OPC culture medium; solution with 70 mL/L DMSO, 300 mL/L FBS, 0.

[Transplantation of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell improves cardiac function in rats with acute myocardial infarction].

Objective To investigate the effects of the transplantation of autologous and allogeneic adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs) on the cardiac function in rats with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Methods Firstly, ADMSCs were isolated from BN and Lewis rats, and the third generation were labeled with CM-DiI. Then 45 male Lewis rats were randomly divided into 3 groups (control group, autologous cell transplantation group, and allogeneic cell transplantation group).

Immunological effects of the intraparenchymal administration of allogeneic and autologous adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells after the acute phase of middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats.

Background: Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell (ADMSC) therapy can promote recovery from cerebral ischemia; however, more information regarding appropriate sources of ADMSCs is required. This study was aimed at analyzing the immunogenicity of rat ADMSCs by comparing the immunological effects of intraparenchymal administration of allogeneic ADMSCs (allo-ADMSCs) and autologous ADMSCs (auto-ADMSCs) after the acute phase of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in rats.

Methods: Allo- or auto-ADMSCs from rats (1 × 10 cells) were transplanted into Lewis rats 8 days post MCAO.

[Comparison of immunofluorescence cytochemical staining results in frozen sections of different-thickness neurospheres].

Objective To explore the optimal frozen section thickness of neurospheres for immunofluorescence cytochemical staining. Methods We selected the neurospheres of 10-12-day suspension culture to make frozen sections of varying thickness: 4, 7 and 10 μm, and then performed immunofluorescent staining to compare the expression and location of nestin. Results The diameters of the neurospheres cultured for 10-12 days were among 200-250 μm.

Clinical Observation of Electroencephalographic Changes and Risk of Convulsion Occurrence in Children Receiving Neural Precursor Cell Transplantation.

Purpose: This study was intended to observe electroencephalographic (EEG) changes and convulsion attacks in children receiving neural precursor cell transplantation, and to explore the possibility of electrophysiological changes and risk of convulsion occurrence after cell transplantation.

Method: 228 children were included in this study who received neural precursor cell transplantation in our hospital between March 2008 and July 2012. No history of convulsion attacks was elicited before cell transplantation.

Growth Factor Changes in Cerebrospinal Fluid of Children with Mental Retardation before and after Neural Precursor Cell Transplantation.

Objective: To investigate growth factor changes in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of children with mental retardation (MR) before and after neural precursor cell transplantation (NPCT), in an attempt to provide experimental support for the clinical treatment of MR with NPCT.

Methods: The study comprised of 28 MR children who received twice NPCT in our hospital. CSF was collected at both times of NPCT to assess growth factors by ELISA.

Protective effect of miconazole on rat myelin sheaths following premature infant cerebral white matter injury.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the protective effects of miconazole on myelin sheaths following cerebral white matter damage (WMD) in premature infant rats. Sprague Dawley rats (3-days-old) were randomly divided into four groups (n=30 each) as follows: Sham surgery group, WMD model group, 10 mg/kg/day treatment group and 40 mg/kg/day treatment group. A cerebral white matter lesion model was created by ligating the right common carotid artery for 80 min.

Human Neural Stem Cells with GDNF Site-Specific Integration at AAVS1 by Using AAV Vectors Retained Their Stemness.

The neural stem cells (NSCs) have the ability to self-renew, and to migrate to pathologically altered regions of the central nervous system. Glial cell derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) could protect dopamine neurons and rescue motor neurons in vivo, which has been proposed as a promising candidate for the treatments of degenerative neurological diseases. In order to combine the advantages of neurotrophic factors and stem cells in clinical therapy, we established the modified hNSCs that has site-specific integration of GDNF gene by using recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) vectors.

[Long-term effect of oligodendrocyte precursor cell transplantation on a rat model of white matter injury in the preterm infant].

Objective: To investigate the long-term effect of oligodendrocyte precursor cell (OPC) transplantation on a rat model of white matter injury (WMI) in the preterm infant.

Methods: A total of 80 Sprague-Dawley rats aged 3 days were randomly divided into sham-operation group, model control group, 5-day ventricular/white matter transplantation group, 9-day ventricular/white matter transplantation group, 14-day ventricular/white matter transplantation group (n=10 each). All groups except the sham-operation group were treated with right common carotid artery ligation and hypoxia for 80 minutes to establish a rat model of WMI in the preterm infant.

Analysis of Adverse Events Related to 720 Cases of Neural Progenitor Cell Transplantation.

Background: Cell therapies have shown to be able to improve neurological functions to some extent for patients with refractory central nervous system (CNS) diseases or damages. Meanwhile, increasing attention has been drawn to the operation-related and (or) cell-related adverse events when performing cell therapy. Our study is to explore the safety issue from 720 cases of neural progenitor cell (NPC) transplantation based on clinic manifestations and examinations.

Isolation and culture of human oligodendrocyte precursor cells from neurospheres.

Culture of human oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) can help understand the regulatory mechanism of differentiation and myelination of oligodendrocytes. However, existing culture methods have limitations, particularly the lack of a source of human donor tissue and high cost. We sorted cells with the A2B5(+)PSA-NCAM(-) phenotype from neurospheres instead of human donor tissues through immunomagnetic sorting and subsequently cultured the isolated cells in OPC medium.

High purity of human oligodendrocyte progenitor cells obtained from neural stem cells: suitable for clinical application.

Background: Recent studies have suggested that the transplantation of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) may be a promising potential therapeutic strategy for a broad range of diseases affecting myelin, such as multiple sclerosis, periventricular leukomalacia, and spinal cord injury. Clinical interest arose from the potential of human stem cells to be directed to OPCs for the clinical application of treating these diseases since large quantities of high quality OPCs are needed. However, to date, there have been precious few studies about OPC induction from human neural stem cells (NSCs).

[Clinical effect of stem cell transplantation via hepatic artery in the treatment of type II hyperammonemia: a report on 6 cases].

This study aimed to investigate the clinical effect of transplantation of CD133⁺ peripheral blood stem cells or umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells via the hepatic artery in children with type II hyperammonemia and its possible action mechanism. Umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells were obtained by collecting cord blood (100-150 mL) from healthy fetuses and separating stem cell suspension (5 mL) from the cord blood by hydroxyethyl starch sedimentation. CD133⁺ peripheral blood stem cells were obtained by mobilizing peripheral blood from the fathers of sick children using recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor for 5 days, collecting mononuclear cells (120 mL), and separating out CD133⁺ cells by sorting.

[Transplantation of human neural precursor cells in the treatment of children with pervasive developmental disorder].

Objective: To assess the efficiency and safety of human neural progenitor cells (hNPCs) transplantation in the treatment of pervasive developmental disorder (PDD) in children.

Methods: Twenty-two children with PDD were treated, including 13 children with Rett syndrome and 9 children with autism. They accepted hNPCs transplantation voluntarily.