DNA damage-induced AIM2 pyroptosis in high glucose-induced proximal tubular epithelial cell.

Pyroptosis is one of the ways to cause proximal tubular epithelial cell death in diabetic nephropathy (DN), but the exact mechanism remains unclear. Absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2), a sensor for double-stranded DNA, creates an inflammasome that triggers the cleavage of gasdermin D (GSDMD), leading to a type of inflammatory cell death called pyroptosis. This study investigated the role of AIM2 in pyroptosis within proximal tubular epithelial cells in DN.

Monitoring soil moisture in winter wheat with crop water stress index based on canopy-air temperature time lag effect.

Crop water stress index (CWSI) has been widely used in soil moisture monitoring. However, the influence of the time lag effect between canopy temperature and air temperature on the accuracy of soil moisture monitoring with different CWSI models has not been further investigated. Therefore, based on the continuous record of canopy temperature and air temperature, this study explored the influence of canopy-air temperature hysteresis on the diagnosis of soil moisture with three CWSI models (CWSIT-theoretical, CWSIE-empirical, CWSIH-hybrid).

Radar remote sensing-based inversion model of soil salt content at different depths under vegetation.

Excessive soil salt content (SSC) seriously affects the crop growth and economic benefits in the agricultural production area. Prior research mainly focused on estimating the salinity in the top bare soil rather than in deep soil that is vital to crop growth. For this end, an experiment was carried out in the Hetao Irrigation District, Inner Mongolia, China.

Sputum microbiota as a potential diagnostic marker for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis.

The prevalence of drug-resistant (Mtb) strains makes disease control more complicated, which is the main cause of death in tuberculosis (TB) patients. Early detection and timely standard treatment are the key to current prevention and control of drug-resistant TB. In recent years, despite the continuous advancement in drug-resistant TB diagnostic technology, the needs for clinical rapid and accurate diagnosis are still not fully met.

Estimating salt content of vegetated soil at different depths with Sentinel-2 data.

The accurate and timely monitoring of the soil salt content (SSC) at different depths is the prerequisite for the solution to salinization in the arid and semiarid areas. Sentinel-2 has demonstrated significant superiority in SSC inversion for its higher temporal, spatial and spectral resolution, but previous research on SSC inversion with Sentinel-2 mainly focused on the unvegetated surface soil. Based on Sentinel-2 data, this study aimed to build four machine learning models at five depths (0∼20 cm, 20∼40 cm, 40∼60 cm, 0∼40 cm, and 0∼60 cm) in the vegetated area, and evaluate the sensitivity of Sentinel-2 to SSC at different depths and the inversion capability of the models.

Aberrant expression of miR-16, B12 and CD272 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with active tuberculosis.

Tuberculosis (TB) immunity is affected by complex immune regulation processes, which involve various immune cells, immune molecules, and cytokines. Here, we evaluated the expression of B12, CD272 and miR-16 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis. The results showed that monocytes expressing CD272 or B12 were down-regulated in patients with tuberculosis.

Estimation of soil salt content by combining UAV-borne multispectral sensor and machine learning algorithms.

Soil salinization is a global problem closely related to the sustainable development of social economy. Compared with frequently-used satellite-borne sensors, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) equipped with multispectral sensors provide an opportunity to monitor soil salinization with on-demand high spatial and temporal resolution. This study aims to quantitatively estimate soil salt content (SSC) using UAV-borne multispectral imagery, and explore the deep mining of multispectral data.

[Mass spectrometry-based identification of new serum biomarkers in patients with multidrug resistant pulmonary tuberculosis].

Objective: To screen new serum metabolic biomarkers for different drug resistance profiles of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) and explore their mechanisms and functions.

Methods: We collected serum samples from TB patients with drug sensitivity (DS), monoresistance to isoniazid (MR-INH), monoresistance to rifampin (MR-RFP), multidrug resistance (MDR), and polyresistance (PR). The metabolites in the serum samples were extracted by oscillatory and deproteinization for LC-MS/MS analysis, and the results were normalized by Pareto-scaling method and analyzed using Metaboanalyst 4.

Quantitatively estimating main soil water-soluble salt ions content based on Visible-near infrared wavelength selected using GC, SR and VIP.

Soil salinization is the primary obstacle to the sustainable development of agriculture and eco-environment in arid regions. The accurate inversion of the major water-soluble salt ions in the soil using visible-near infrared (VIS-NIR) spectroscopy technique can enhance the effectiveness of saline soil management. However, the accuracy of spectral models of soil salt ions turns out to be affected by high dimensionality and noise information of spectral data.

Upregulation of miR-196b-5p attenuates BCG uptake via targeting SOCS3 and activating STAT3 in macrophages from patients with long-term cigarette smoking-related active pulmonary tuberculosis.

Background: Cigarette smoking (CS) triggers an intense and harmful inflammatory response in lungs mediated by alveolar and blood macrophages, monocytes, and neutrophils and is closely associated with prevalence of tuberculosis (TB). The risk of death in patients with long-term cigarette smoking-related pulmonary tuberculosis (LCS-PTB) is approximately 4.5 times higher than those with nonsmoking pulmonary tuberculosis (N-PTB).

Evaluation of enhanced soil washing process and phytoremediation with maize oil, carboxymethyl-β-cyclodextrin, and vetiver grass for the recovery of organochlorine pesticides and heavy metals from a pesticide factory site.

An innovative ex situ soil washing technology was developed in this study to remediate organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and heavy metals in a mixed contaminated site. Elevated temperature (60 °C) combined with ultrasonication (40 kHz, 20 min) at 50 mL L(-1) maize oil and 45 g L(-1) carboxylmethyl-β-cyclodextrin were effective in extracting pollutants from the soil. After two successive washing cycles, the removal efficiency rates for total OCPs, mirex, endosulfans, chlordanes, Cd, and Pb were approximately 94.

Role of cosubstrate and bioaccessibility played in the enhanced anaerobic biodegradation of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in a paddy soil by nitrate and methyl-β-cyclodextrin amendments.

The present study was conducted to investigate the anaerobic biodegradation potential of biostimulation by nitrate (KNO3) and methyl-β-cyclodextrin (MCD) addition on an aged organochlorine pesticide (OCP)-contaminated paddy soil. After 180 days of incubation, total OCP biodegradation was highest in soil receiving the addition of nitrate and MCD simultaneously and then followed by nitrate addition, MCD addition, and control. The highest biodegradation of chlordanes, hexachlorocyclohexanes, endosulfans, and total OCPs was 74.

Anaerobic degradation of purified terephthalic acid wastewater using a novel, rapid mass-transfer circulating fluidized bed.

The anaerobic treatability of purified terephthalic acid (PTA) wastewater in a novel, rapid mass-transfer fluidized bed reactor using brick particles as porous carrier materials was investigated. The reactor operation was stable after a short 34 day start-up period, with chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency between 65 and 75%, terephthalate (TA) removal efficiency between 60% and 70%, and system organic loading rate (OLR) increasing from 7.37 to 18.