Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis post chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapies.

Introduction: Besides cytokine release syndromes (CRS) and immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS), immune effector cell-associated HLH-like syndrome (IEC-HS) is increasingly recognized across CAR-T recipients. This emergent and fatal syndrome is difficult to separate from other disorders during the early phase, and urgently requires more integrated diagnostic and therapeutic frameworks.

Areas Covered: Existing literature has pointed out the potential role of unbridled proliferation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes, lymphopenia of natural killing cells, and hypercytokinemia in triggering the IEC-HS.

Surface-Grafted Single-Atomic Pt-N Complex with a Precisely Regulating Coordination Sphere for Efficient Electron Acceptor-Inducing Interfacial Electron Transfer.

Based on the electron-withdrawing effect of the Pt(bpy)Cl molecule, a simple post-modification amide reaction was firstly used to graft it onto the surface of NH-MIL-125, which performed as a highly efficient electron acceptor that induced the conversion of the photoinduced charge migration pathway from internal BDC→TiO migration to external BDC→PtN migration, significantly improving the efficiency of photoinduced electron transfer and separation. Furthermore, precisely regulating over the first coordination sphere of Pt single atoms was achieved using further post-modification with additional bipyridine to investigate the effect of Pt-N coordination numbers on reaction activity. The as-synthesized NML-PtN exhibited superior photocatalytic hydrogen evolution activity of 7.

Inhibition of Potato Wilt by ZWZ-19 and PT-29: A Comparative Analysis of Non-Targeted Metabolomics.

Potato Wilt is a soil-borne fungal disease that can seriously harm potatoes throughout their growth period and occurs at different degrees in major potato-producing areas in China. To reduce the use of chemical agents and improve the effect of biocontrol agents, the inhibitory effects of the fermentation broth of ZWZ-19 (B) and PT-29 (T) on were compared under single-culture and co-culture conditions. Furthermore, metabolomic analysis of the fermentation broths was conducted.

Targeting autophagy overcomes cancer-intrinsic resistance to CAR-T immunotherapy in B-cell malignancies.

Background: Chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) therapy has substantially revolutionized the clinical outcomes of patients with hematologic malignancies, but the cancer-intrinsic mechanisms underlying resistance to CAR-T cells remain yet to be fully understood. This study aims to explore the molecular determinants of cancer cell sensitivity to CAR-T cell-mediated killing and to provide a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms and potential modulation to improve clinical efficacy.

Methods: The human whole-genome CRISPR/Cas9-based knockout screening was conducted to identify key genes that enable cancer cells to evade CD19 CAR-T-cell-mediated killing.

Bispecific CS1-BCMA CAR-T cells are clinically active in relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma.

Multiple myeloma (MM) bears heterogeneous cells that poses a challenge for single-target immunotherapies. Here we constructed bispecific CS1-BCMA CAR-T cells aiming to augment BCMA targeting with CS1. Sixteen patients with relapsed or refractory (RR) MM received CS1-BCMA CAR-T infusion.

IL-10 plus the EASIX score predict bleeding events after anti-CD19 CAR T-cell therapy.

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell-associated coagulopathy can cause bleeding events. To explore risk factors for hemorrhage after CAR T-cell therapy, we retrospectively analyzed routine indicators in 56 patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma and B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia who received anti-CD19 CAR T-cell therapy. Disturbance of coagulation occurred mainly within one month post infusion, especially on day 7 and 14.

Comparison Research on Characterization and Evaluation Approaches for Paint Coated Corrosion Using Eddy Current Pulsed Thermography.

Paint coated corrosion detection and evaluation is a big challenge for steel performance and structure health. Eddy current pulsed thermography (ECPT) technique is investigated because it can reflect the corrosion physical properties through paint coating by the infrared signal. This paper proposes skewness method, which presents the feature of temperature curve's shape automatically, and compares it with principal component analysis (PCA), phase analysis, and kurtosis feature extraction methods for paint coated corrosion characterization and evaluation.

POLE2 knockdown suppresses lymphoma progression via downregulating Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.

Lymphoma is the most common malignant tumor arising from immune system. Recently, DNA polymerase epsilon subunit 2 (POLE2) was identified to be a tumor promotor in a variety of malignant tumors. However, the biological role of POLE2 in lymphoma is still largely unclear.

Allogenic and autologous anti-CD7 CAR-T cell therapies in relapsed or refractory T-cell malignancies.

Chimeric antigen receptor-T (CAR-T) therapy remains to be investigated in T-cell malignancies. CD7 is an ideal target for T-cell malignancies but is also expressed on normal T cells, which may cause CAR-T cell fratricide. Donor-derived anti-CD7 CAR-T cells using endoplasmic reticulum retention have shown efficacy in patients with T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).

Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitors preserve anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor T-cell functionality and reprogram tumor micro-environment in B-cell lymphoma.

Background Aims: Combination therapy is being actively explored to improve the efficacy and safety of anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CART19) therapy, among which Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitors (BTKIs) are highly expected. BTKIs may modulate T-cell function and remodel the tumor micro-environment (TME), but the exact mechanisms involved and the steps required to transform different BTKIs into clinical applications need further investigation.

Methods: We examined the impacts of BTKIs on T-cell and CART19 phenotype and functionality in vitro and further explored the mechanisms.

Novel CD19-specific γ/δ TCR-T cells in relapsed or refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.

Background: T cell receptor (TCR)-T cells possess similar effector function, but milder and more durable signal activation compared with chimeric antigen receptor-T cells. TCR-T cell therapy is another active field of cellular immunotherapy for cancer.

Methods: We previously developed a human anti-CD19 antibody (ET190L1) and generated novel CD19-specific γ/δ TCR-T cells, ET019003, by fusing the Fab fragment of ET190L1 with γ/δ TCR constant chain plus adding an ET190L1-scFv/CD28 co-stimulatory molecule.

A Theory-based Deep-Learning Approach to Detecting Disinformation in Financial Social Media.

The spreading of disinformation in social media threatens cybersecurity and undermines market efficiency. Detecting disinformation is challenging due to large volumes of social media content and a rapidly changing environment. This research developed and validated a theory-based, novel deep-learning approach (called TRNN) to disinformation detection.

Synthesis and Characterization of a Displacement-Type Ferroelectric-Ferroelectric Phase Transition Compound [(NH)(CH)(NH)][InBr]Br·HO.

Ferroelectric materials have aroused the researchers' great interest due to their wide applications. Here, a displacement-type ferroelectric-ferroelectric phase transition material [(NH)(CH)(NH)][InBr]Br·HO () with = 143 K was successfully prepared. The ferroelectric phase transition is verified by the characterization techniques such as differential scanning calorimetry, single-crystal structure elucidation, dielectric and ferroelectric measurements.

Timing of Tocilizumab Administration Under the Guidance of IL-6 in CAR-T Therapy for R/R Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia.

Unlabelled: Chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cells targeting CD19 have achieved great clinical responses in patients with relapsed or refractory (R/R) acute B lymphoblastic leukemia. However, severe adverse events such as cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome restrict it to further application. Tocilizumab is the corner stone for the treatment of severe CRS.

Adverse effects in hematologic malignancies treated with chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy: a systematic review and Meta-analysis.

Background: Recently, chimeric antigen receptor-modified (CAR) T cell therapy for hematological malignancies has shown clinical efficacy. Hundreds of clinical trials have been registered and lots of studies have shown hematologic toxic effects were very common. The main purpose of this review is to systematically analyze hematologic toxicity in hematologic malignancies treated with CAR-T cell therapy.

Two In-based organic-inorganic hybrid compounds with reversible phase transition derived from the order-disorder changes of cations or anions.

Solid-state phase transition materials have received extraordinary interest due to their rich physical properties, such as thermal, dielectric, and ferroelectric properties. Here, two In-based organic-inorganic hybrid compounds, (CHCHCHNH)[InBr(HO)] (1) and [(CH)N][InCl] (2), both display reversible phase transition and dielectric response. Differential scanning calorimetry measurements indicate that the phase transition temperatures () of 1 and 2 are 167 K and 351 K, respectively.

T Cell Exhaustion and CAR-T Immunotherapy in Hematological Malignancies.

T cell exhaustion has been recognized to play an immunosuppressive role in malignant diseases. Persistent tumor antigen stimulation, the presence of inhibitory immune cells and cytokines in tumor microenvironment (TME), upregulated expression of inhibitory receptors, changes in T cell-related transcription factors, and metabolic factors can all result in T cell exhaustion. Strategies dedicated to preventing or reversing T cell exhaustion are required to reduce the morbidity from cancer and enhance the effectiveness of adoptive cellular immunotherapy.

Identification and Validation of a Novel Immune-Related Four-lncRNA Signature for Lung Adenocarcinoma.

Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is a major subtype of lung cancer, the prognosis of patients with which is associated with both lncRNAs and cancer immunity. In this study, we collected gene expression data of 585 LUAD patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and 605 subjects from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. LUAD patients were divided into high and low immune-cell-infiltrated groups according to the single sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) algorithm to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs).

Effect of Wenxia Changfu Formula Combined With Cisplatin Reversing Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cell Adhesion-Mediated Drug Resistance.

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), the major form of primary lung cancer, is a common cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Cell adhesion-mediated drug resistance (CAM-DR), a form of chemotherapy resistance, has been reported to confer resistance to various chemotherapeutic agents. Integrin β1 signaling plays an important role in CAM-DR and has been proposed as a potential target for NSCLC.

Chang'an II Decoction ( II )-Containing Serum Ameliorates Tumor Necrosis Factor-α-Induced Intestinal Epithelial Barrier Dysfunction via MLCK-MLC Signaling Pathway in Rats.

Objective: To investigate the effect of Chang'an II Decoction ( II ))-containing serum on intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction in rats.

Methods: Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α-induced injury of Caco-2 monolayers were established as an inflammatory model of human intestinal epithelium. Caco-2 monolayers were treated with blank serum and Chang'an II Decoction-containing serum that obtained from the rats which were treated with distilled water and Chang'an II Decoction intragastrically at doses of 0.

[Analysis of Response of IBS-SSS, AR, and IBS-QOL in IBS Clinical Effect Evaluation].

Objective To observe the response of common indices for clinical effect evaluation on irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), thereby providing reference for IBS related clinical indices in clinical trials of Chinese medicine (CM). Methods A randomized, double-blinded, placebo control trial was set up. Totally 58 diarrhea-predominant IBS (IBS-D) patients were randomly assigned to the test group (28 cases) and the control group (30 cases).

Therapeutic Effect of Chang'an I Recipe ( I ) on Irritable Bowel Syndrome with Diarrhea: A Multicenter Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Chinese medicine (CM) decoction Chang'an I Recipe ( I ) in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea (IBS-D).

Method: A multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial was designed. Based on the order of inclusion, the IBS-D patients were randomly assigned to the treatment group or the placebo control group, administrated with Chang'an I Recipe or placebo, 150 mL/bag, 3 times daily, for 8 weeks.

[Effect of ronggan mixture on immunoregulation and hepatocyte apoptosis-related factors in concanavalin A induced acute immunological liver injury mice].

Objective: To explore the effect of Ronggan Mixture (RM) on immunoregulation and hepatocyte apoptosis-related factors in concanavalin A (Con A) induced acute immunological liver injury mice.

Methods: Totally 60 hepatitis B virus (HBV) transgenic mice were randomly divided into 6 groups, i.e.

[Intervention of chronic hepatitis B liver fibrosis patients in different stages by syndrome typing and different activating blood removing stasis methods: a clinical study].

Objective: To observe the clinical efficacy of treating chronic hepatitis B liver fibrosis (CHBLF) in different stages by syndrome typing and different activating blood removing stasis methods (ABRSM).

Methods: Totally 100 CHBLF patients of vital qi deficiency blood stasis syndrome (VQDBSS) treated at the Department of Liver Diseases, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences from July 2008 to December 2011, were randomly assigned to the treatment group and the control group, 50 in each group. Those in the treatment group were treated by self-formulated decoctions for activating blood nourishing blood (ABNB), activating blood removing stasis (ABRS), and activating blood softening hard mass (ABSHM) according to their stages of disease conditions (mild, moderate, and severe).