Survival trends of patients with metaplastic breast carcinoma with different hormone receptor statuses: a SEER-based retrospective cohort study.

Background: Metaplastic breast carcinoma (MpBC) is a rare histological subtype of breast cancer, and its prognosis is relatively poor. The survival trend of MpBC with different hormone receptor statuses has remained unclear over the past two decades.

Methods: MpBC patient data were collected from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database from 2000 to 2019.

Effect of Abiotic Factors on Fumosorinone Production from via Solid-State Fermentation.

is an important species in the genus of , containing a variety of bioactive compounds, including fumosorinone (FU). This study was a ground-breaking assessment of FU levels in liquid and solid cultures. The present study focused on the impacts of solid-state fermentation (SSF) using solid substrates (wheat, oat, and rice), as well as the effects of fermentation parameters (pH, temperature, and incubation period), on the generation of FU.

Histological diagnosis of unprocessed breast core-needle biopsy via stimulated Raman scattering microscopy and multi-instance learning.

Core-needle biopsy (CNB) plays a vital role in the initial diagnosis of breast cancer. However, the complex tissue processing and global shortage of pathologists have hindered traditional histopathology from timely diagnosis on fresh biopsies. In this work, we developed a full digital platform by integrating label-free stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) microscopy with weakly-supervised learning for rapid and automated cancer diagnosis on un-labelled breast CNB.

Discovery of Podofilox as a Potent cGAMP-STING Signaling Enhancer with Antitumor Activity.

Cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP) is a second messenger that activates the stimulator of interferon genes (STING) innate immune pathway to induce the expression of type I IFNs and other cytokines. Pharmacologic activation of STING is considered a potent therapeutic strategy in cancer. In this study, we used a cell-based phenotypic screen and identified podophyllotoxin (podofilox), a microtubule destabilizer, as a robust enhancer of the cGAMP-STING signaling pathway.

LL-37 transports immunoreactive cGAMP to activate STING signaling and enhance interferon-mediated host antiviral immunity.

Cyclic 2',3'-GMP-AMP (cGAMP) binds to and activates stimulator of interferon genes (STING), which then induces interferons to drive immune responses against tumors and pathogens. Exogenous cGAMP produced by infected and malignant cells and synthetic cGAMP used in immunotherapy must traverse the cell membrane to activate STING in target cells. However, as an anionic hydrophilic molecule, cGAMP is not inherently membrane permeable.

Trend and survival benefit of contralateral prophylactic mastectomy among men with stage I-III unilateral breast cancer in the USA, 1998-2016.

Purpose: Our study aimed to explore temporal trends and survival benefit of contralateral prophylactic mastectomy (CPM) in male breast cancer (MBC).

Methods: Men with stage I-III unilateral breast cancer between 1998 and 2016 were identified from the surveillance, epidemiology, and end results (SEER). We compared CPM rate over the study period using the Cochrane-Armitage test for trend.

Branch flow distribution approach and its application in the calculation of fractional flow reserve in stenotic coronary artery.

Objective: To calculate fractional flow reserve (FFR) based on computed tomography angiography (i.e., FFRCT) by considering the branch flow distribution in the coronary arteries.

Research on the Method of Predicting Fractional Flow Reserve Based on Multiple Independent Risk Factors.

The use of diameter stenosis (DS), as revealed by coronary angiography, for predicting fractional flow reserve (FFR) usually results in a high error rate of detection. In this study, we investigated a method for predicting FFR in patients with coronary stenosis based on multiple independent risk factors. The aim of the study was to improve the accuracy of detection.

Microcalcification-Based Tumor Malignancy Evaluation in Fresh Breast Biopsies with Hyperspectral Stimulated Raman Scattering.

Precise evaluation of breast tumor malignancy based on tissue calcifications has important practical value in the disease diagnosis, as well as the understanding of tumor development. Traditional X-ray mammography provides the overall morphologies of the calcifications but lacks intrinsic chemical information. In contrast, spontaneous Raman spectroscopy offers detailed chemical analysis but lacks the spatial profiles.

Transcriptional and epigenetic regulation of PD-1 expression.

Programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) is a co-inhibitory receptor that plays important roles in regulating T cell immunity and peripheral tolerance. PD-1 signaling prevents T cells from overactivation during acute infections, but it maintains T cell exhaustion during chronic infections. Tumor cells can exploit the PD-1 signaling pathway to evade antitumor immune responses.

Value of stereotactic 11-gauge vacuum-assisted breast biopsy in non-palpable suspicious calcifications: an eight-year single institution experience with 587 patients.

Background: Vacuum-assisted breast biopsy (VABB) has been routinely recommended for stereotactic intervention in cases of isolate mammographically-detected calcifications. Herein we aimed to evaluate and compare the diagnostic consistency and accuracy of calcified and noncalcified specimens obtained from same sites of sampling on mammography-visible calcifications. In addition, we presented the biopsy procedure and retrospectively evaluated the usefulness of VABB as well as the complications of this technique over an eight-year experience in our centre.

The YdiU Domain Modulates Bacterial Stress Signaling through Mn-Dependent UMPylation.

Sensing stressful conditions and adjusting the cellular metabolism to adapt to the environment are essential activities for bacteria to survive in variable situations. Here, we describe a stress-related protein, YdiU, and characterize YdiU as an enzyme that catalyzes the covalent attachment of uridine-5'-monophosphate to a protein tyrosine/histidine residue, an unusual modification defined as UMPylation. Mn serves as an essential co-factor for YdiU-mediated UMPylation.

Phosphorylated Rasal2 facilitates breast cancer progression.

Background: Rasal2 has diametric effects on progression of oestrogen receptor-positive (ER+) and -negative (ER-) breast cancers. The relevant causes are unknown. It is also unknown whether the effects of Rasal2 are mediated by an exosome-transport process.

Cutting Edge: USP27X Deubiquitinates and Stabilizes the DNA Sensor cGAS to Regulate Cytosolic DNA-Mediated Signaling.

Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS), a cytosolic DNA sensor, catalyzes the formation of the second messenger 2'3'-cGAMP that binds to STING and triggers the type I IFN signaling. Activation of cGAS can be modulated by several protein posttranslational modifications, including ubiquitination. However, the cGAS activation regulated by protein deubiquitination remains poorly understood.

RNF144A functions as a tumor suppressor in breast cancer through ubiquitin ligase activity-dependent regulation of stability and oncogenic functions of HSPA2.

Deregulation of E3 ubiquitin ligases is intimately implicated in breast cancer pathogenesis and progression, but the underlying mechanisms still remain elusive. Here we report that RING finger protein 144A (RNF144A), a poorly characterized member of the RING-in-between-RING family of E3 ubiquitin ligases, functions as a tumor suppressor in breast cancer. RNF144A was  downregulated in a subset of primary breast tumors and restoration of RNF144A suppressed breast cancer cell proliferation, colony formation, migration, invasion in vitro, tumor growth, and lung metastasis in vivo.

Is core needle biopsy effective at diagnosing male breast lesions?

Purpose: The objective of this study was to examine the diagnostic accuracy of sonographically guided core needle biopsy (CNB) of breast lesions in men.

Methods: This was a retrospective study where we analyzed consecutive sonographically guided 14-gauge CNB results on 234 male breast lesions. The CNB accuracy is determined by the comparison between the CNB and its corresponding excisional biopsy or to long-term follow-up imaging.

Rapid histology of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma with deep-learning based stimulated Raman scattering microscopy.

Maximal resection of tumor while preserving the adjacent healthy tissue is particularly important for larynx surgery, hence precise and rapid intraoperative histology of laryngeal tissue is crucial for providing optimal surgical outcomes. We hypothesized that deep-learning based stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) microscopy could provide automated and accurate diagnosis of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma on fresh, unprocessed surgical specimens without fixation, sectioning or staining. : We first compared 80 pairs of adjacent frozen sections imaged with SRS and standard hematoxylin and eosin histology to evaluate their concordance.

Spindle cell sarcoma: a SEER population-based analysis.

Due to the substantial limitation of study population, Spindle cell sarcoma (SCS) was unexplored comprehensively. In this study, we investigated the clinical characteristics and disease specific prognostic factors of SCS. 3299 SCS cases were identified and extracted from Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database (1973-2017).

Epigenetic silencing of RNF144A expression in breast cancer cells through promoter hypermethylation and MBD4.

Emerging evidence shows that ring finger protein 144A (RNF144A), a poorly characterized member of the Ring-between-Ring (RBR) family of E3 ubiquitin ligases, is a potential tumor suppressor gene. However, its regulatory mechanism in breast cancer remains undefined. Here, we report that RNF144A promoter contains a putative CpG island and the methylation levels of RNF144A promoter are higher in primary breast tumors than those in normal breast tissues.

Salmonella STM1697 coordinates flagella biogenesis and virulence by restricting flagellar master protein FlhD4C2 from recruiting RNA polymerase.

Salmonella reduces flagella biogenesis to avoid detection within host cells by a largely unknown mechanism. We identified an EAL-like protein STM1697 as required and sufficient for this process. STM1697 surges to a high level after Salmonella enters host cells and restrains the expression of flagellar genes by regulating the function of flagellar switch protein FlhD4C2, the transcription activator of all other flagellar genes.

Predictive factors of pathologic complete response in HER2-positive and axillary lymph node positive breast cancer after neoadjuvant paclitaxel, carboplatin plus with trastuzumab.

Objective: This study was performed to investigate the proportion as well as the predictive factors of pathologic complete response in HER2-positive and axillary lymph node positive breast cancer after neoadjuvant paclitaxel, carboplatin plus with trastuzumab (PCH).

Results: The pCR rate in the breast, axilla and both was 44.3% (39/88), 47.

Spindle cell carcinoma: the general demographics, basic clinico-pathologic characteristics, treatment, outcome and prognostic factors.

Background: Owing to the rarity, the general demographics, basic clinico-pathologic features, management, outcome and prognostic factors of spindle cell carcinoma (SpCC) were unexplored.

Methods: A SEER analysis was performed with 2336 cases (1973-2016).

Results: A peak incidence occurred at 70~80 years without any gender predominance and 83.

The prognostic value of long noncoding RNA HOTTIP on clinical outcomes in breast cancer.

Although a few studies have assessed the prognostic value of long noncoding RNA HOTTIP in patients with malignant tumors, the relationship between HOTTIP and clinical outcome of breast cancer remains elusive. The aim of this study is to explore the prognostic significance of HOTTIP in breast cancer patients. A meta-analysis was performed to involve the eligible studies to investigate the association of HOTTIP expression level with outcome in cancer patients.