PAMK Ameliorates Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis and Associated Anxiety/Depression-like Behaviors Through Restoring Gut Microbiota and Metabolites in Mice.

Objectives: Long-term Western diet-induced non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) can lead to liver cirrhosis and NASH-associated hepatocellular carcinoma, which are end-stage liver diseases. Meanwhile, NASH is associated with mental burden and worsens as the disease progresses. Atractylodes Macrocephala Koidz (AMK) is one of the main ingredients of Shenling Baizhu San, and the effect of Polysaccharide from AMK ameliorates (PAMK), as an important medicinal ingredient of AMK, on NASH and associated anxiety/depression-like behaviors is still unclear.

Shenling Baizhu San ameliorates non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in mice by modulating gut microbiota and metabolites.

The prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and its related mortality is increasing at an unprecedented rate. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been shown to offer potential for early prevention and treatment of NAFLD. The new mechanism of "Shenling Baizhu San" (SLBZS) is examined in this study for the prevention and treatment of NAFLD at the preclinical level.

Gut Microbiome and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD): Implications for Nursing Care of Individuals Living With Chronic Metabolic Diseases.

At present, the incidence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in adults is increasing year by year and at a younger age. Evidence-based healthcare has confirmed that NAFLD is closely related to obesity, cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and other chronic metabolic diseases. Despite the growing prevalence of NAFLD, little is known about symptoms for patients at risk of NAFLD progression, thus preventing healthcare providers from intervening at an early stage.

Berberine Ameliorates High-Fat Diet-Induced Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Rats via Activation of SIRT3/AMPK/ACC Pathway.

This study aimed to verify the effects of berberine (BBR) on the fat metabolism proteins involved in the sirtuin 3 (SIRT3)/adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) pathway in the liver tissues of rats with high-fat diet (HFD)-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Forty-eight rats were randomly divided into the normal control (NC) group, HFD group or BBR group, with 16 rats in each group. After 8 and 16 weeks of treatment, serum and liver samples were collected.

Traditional Chinese Medicine and Intestinal Microbiota: A Complementary and Integrative Health Approach to Ameliorate Obesity-Related Diseases.

The incidence of obesity and obesity-related diseases, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, is increasing worldwide, which threatens quality of life and human health. "The toxins in the stool enter the body and blood and then cause a variety of diseases"; this quote illustrates that the Chinese ancients recognized the negative effects of harmful intestinal metabolites on the body. As the largest microecosystem in the human body, intestinal microbiota and their metabolites affect the nutrition, metabolism, and immune function of the host, which is an important pathogenic factor in obesity and obesity-related diseases.

Chaihu-Shugan-San Decoction Modulates Intestinal Microbe Dysbiosis and Alleviates Chronic Metabolic Inflammation in NAFLD Rats via the NLRP3 Inflammasome Pathway.

We evaluate the effects of the Chaihu-Shugan-San decoction on intestinal microbe dysbiosis and chronic metabolic inflammation via the NLRP3 pathway in NAFLD rats that were fed a high-fat diet. Twenty-four SD rats (male, six weeks old, 200 ± 20 g) were randomly divided into three groups: normal control group (NC group), high-fat diet-fed group (HFD group), and Chaihu-Shugan-San decoction intervention group (CH group). The NC group rats were given standard feed, the HFD group rats were all fed a high-fat diet (83% standard feed + 10% lard oil + 5% sucrose + 1.

Effects of extracts from soothing-liver and invigorating-spleen formulas on the injury induced by oxidative stress in the hepatocytes of rats with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease induced by high-fat diet.

Objective: To investigate effects of the extracts from soothing-liver and invigorating-spleen formulas on the injury due to oxidative stress, mediated by the Nuclear factor-like 2 (Nrf2)-Antioxidant response element (ARE) pathway, in the hepatocytes of rats with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) induced by high-fat diet.

Methods: Soothing-liver and invigorating-spleen formula mixtures were prepared for five groups: normal, model, soothing-liver formula group (SLG), invigorating-spleen formula group (ISG), integrated formula group (IG). The rat model of NAFLD was induced by feeding rats a high-fat diet (HFD).

The Potential Effect of Chinese Herbal Formula Hongqijiangzhi Fang in Improving NAFLD: Focusing on NLRP3 Inflammasome and Gut Microbiota.

The present study investigates the potential therapeutic mechanism underlying the effects of the Chinese herbal formula Hongqijiangzhi Fang (HJF) on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in rats. Male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into 4 groups ( = 8): control group was fed a normal diet, three other groups were fed high-fat diets (HFD), and the two treatment groups were intragastrically given a compound probiotic or HJF during the molding time. After 16 w, related indices were detected.

Probiotic mixture of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium alleviates systemic adiposity and inflammation in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease rats through Gpr109a and the commensal metabolite butyrate.

Aims: The study explored the systemic adiposity and inflammation through Gpr109a and the commensal metabolite butyrate during the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease rats with the probiotic mixture of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium for 16 weeks.

Methods: Fifteen male SD rats were randomly divided into three groups of five rats each: normal control group (basal feed), high-fat diet (HFD) feeding group (83% basal feed + 10% lard oil + 5% sucrose + 1.5% cholesterol + 0.

Effect of Soothing Gan (Liver) and Invigorating Pi (Spleen) Recipes on TLR4-p38 MAPK Pathway in Kupffer Cells of Non-alcoholic Steatohepatitis Rats.

Objective: To investigate the mechanism of inflflammatory-mediated toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) pathway in Kupffer cells (KCs) of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) rats and the intervention effect of soothing Gan (Liver) and invigorating Pi (Spleen) recipes on this pathway.

Methods: After 1 week of acclimatization, 120 Sprague-Dawley male rats were randomly divided into 8 groups using a random number table (n=15 per group): normal group, model group, low-dose Chaihu Shugan Powder (, CHSG) group (3.2 g/kg), high-dose CHSG group (9.

[Expression and significance of Nrf2/ARE pathway ralated factors in the HepG2 cell model of steatosis].

Objective: To explore a new method of establishing HepG2 cell model of steatosis and observe the expression and significance of nuclear factor erythroid-2p45-related factor 2(Nrf2)/antioxidative response element (ARE) pathway related factors in HepG2 cells of steatosis.

Methods: HepG2 cells were induced with DMEM containing 25% fetal bovine serum, 0.1% MCT/LCT Fat Emulsion and 0.

Effects of Soothing Liver and Invigorating Spleen Recipes on the IKKβ-NF-κB Signaling Pathway in Kupffer Cells of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis Rats.

This study investigates the effect of soothing liver and invigorating spleen recipes on steatohepatitis examining the IKKβ-NF-κB signaling pathway in KCs of NASH rats. SD male rats were randomly divided into 8 groups, and the NASH model was induced by a high-fat diet (HFD). After 26 weeks, liver tissue was examined in H&E stained sections and liver function was monitored biochemically.

[Intervention of berberine on lipid deposition in liver cells of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease rats induced by high fat diet].

Objective: To explore the effect of berberine on lipid metabolism disorder and lipid deposition in liver cells of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) rats induced by high fat diet.

Methods: After one week adaptable feeding, 45 SPF level male SD rats were randomly divided into 3 groups, the normal control group, the model group, and the berberine group, 15 in each group. Except those in the normal control group, all rats were fed with high fat diet to prepare NAFLD model.

[Effects of soothing liver and invigorating spleen recipes on LPS-induced hepatocytes injury of rats and TLR4/p38MAPK signal pathway].

Objective: To explore the effects of soothing liver and invigorating spleen recipes on lipopolysaccharide(LPS) induced hepatocyte inflammation of rats and TLR4/p38MAPK signal pathway.

Method: The hepatocytes of SD rats were cultured and identified in vitro. The medicated serum of soothing liver and invigorating spleen recipes was prepared.

Effects of Chaihu-Shugan-San and Shen-Ling-Bai-Zhu-San on p38 MAPK Pathway in Kupffer Cells of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis.

This study aimed to investigate the effects of Chaihu-Shugan-San (CSS), Shen-Ling-Bai-Zhu-San (SLBZS), and integrated recipe of the above two recipes on inflammatory markers and proteins involved in p38 MAPK pathway in Kupffer cells of NASH rats induced by high fat diet (HFD). Rats were administered at low or high dose of CSS, SLBZS, and integrated recipe except normal group and model group for 16 weeks. The levels of hepatic lipid, TNF- α , IL-1, and IL-6 in liver tissues were measured.

R280T mutation of p53 gene promotes proliferation of human glioma cells through GSK-3β/PTEN pathway.

p53 mutation is associated with "gain-of-function" capabilities of human cancers. We aim to identify p53 mutations in human glioma cells and to explore the potential mechanism for mutant p53-promoted cellular growth. Whole genomic DNA was isolated from SWO-38, a human glioma cell line and amplified for the region of exons 5, 6, and 8 in p53 gene using polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

Sprouting of nervous fibers and upregulation of C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 expression in hippocampal formation of rats with enhanced spatial learning and memory.

Hippocampal mossy fiber sprouting following training in the Morris water maze (MWM) is associated with spatial learning, memory and neural plasticity. The C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) is the main receptor for stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1), which is a chemokine that can regulate axonal elongation. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the morphological plasticity of hippocampal formation and CXCR4 expression.