Learning the statistics of pronoun reference: By word or by category?

Evidence shows that readers tend to follow recently-encountered patterns for interpreting ambiguous pronouns. If recent exposure includes frequent pronouns with prepositional object antecedents (e.g.

Country Image in COVID-19 Pandemic: A Case Study of China.

Country image has a profound influence on international relations and economic development. In the worldwide outbreak of COVID-19, countries and their people display different reactions, resulting in diverse perceived images among foreign public. Therefore, in this article, we take China as a specific and typical case and investigate its image with aspect-based sentiment analysis on a large-scale Twitter dataset.

PIK3CA alterations and benefit with neratinib: analysis from the randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase III ExteNET trial.

Background: Neratinib is an irreversible pan-HER tyrosine kinase inhibitor that inhibits PI3K/Akt and MAPK signaling pathways after HER2 receptor activation. The ExteNET study showed that neratinib significantly improved 5-year invasive disease-free survival (iDFS) in women who completed trastuzumab-based adjuvant therapy for early breast cancer (EBC). We assessed the prognostic and predictive significance of PIK3CA alterations in patients in ExteNET.

Patterns of occurrence and implications of neratinib-associated diarrhea in patients with HER2-positive breast cancer: analyses from the randomized phase III ExteNET trial.

Background: We characterized patterns of occurrence and the impact of neratinib-associated diarrhea in the absence of protocol-directed antidiarrheal prophylaxis or a formal diarrhea management plan using data from Extended Adjuvant Treatment of Breast Cancer with Neratinib (ExteNET).

Methods: ExteNET is a multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized phase III trial involving community-based and academic institutions in 40 countries. Women with HER2-positive early-stage breast cancer with prior standard primary therapy and trastuzumab-based (neo)adjuvant therapy were randomized to neratinib 240 mg/day or placebo for 12 months.

Neratinib after trastuzumab-based adjuvant therapy in patients with HER2-positive breast cancer (ExteNET): a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial.

Background: Neratinib, an irreversible tyrosine-kinase inhibitor of HER1, HER2, and HER4, has clinical activity in patients with HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer. We aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of 12 months of neratinib after trastuzumab-based adjuvant therapy in patients with early-stage HER2-positive breast cancer.

Methods: We did this multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial at 495 centres in Europe, Asia, Australia, New Zealand, and North and South America.

Talimogene Laherparepvec Improves Durable Response Rate in Patients With Advanced Melanoma.

Purpose: Talimogene laherparepvec (T-VEC) is a herpes simplex virus type 1-derived oncolytic immunotherapy designed to selectively replicate within tumors and produce granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) to enhance systemic antitumor immune responses. T-VEC was compared with GM-CSF in patients with unresected stage IIIB to IV melanoma in a randomized open-label phase III trial.

Patients And Methods: Patients with injectable melanoma that was not surgically resectable were randomly assigned at a two-to-one ratio to intralesional T-VEC or subcutaneous GM-CSF.

An estimating function approach to the analysis of recurrent and terminal events.

In clinical and observational studies, the event of interest can often recur on the same subject. In a more complicated situation, there exists a terminal event (e.g.

A group sequential Holm procedure with multiple primary endpoints.

We propose a group sequential Holm procedure when there are multiple primary endpoints. This method addresses multiplicities arising from multiple primary endpoints and from multiple analyses in a group sequential design. It has been shown to be a closed testing procedure and preserves the familywise error rate in the strong sense.

Safety and pharmacokinetics of motesanib in combination with panitumumab and gemcitabine-Cisplatin in patients with advanced cancer.

Purpose. The aim of this study was to assess the safety and tolerability of motesanib (an orally administered small-molecule antagonist of vascular endothelial growth factor receptors 1, 2, and 3, platelet-derived growth factor receptor, and Kit) when administered in combination with panitumumab, gemcitabine, and cisplatin. Methods.

Predictors of habitual snoring and obstructive sleep apnea risk in patients with asthma.

Background: A high prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) symptoms was reported in patients with asthma. Our goal was to evaluate factors associated with habitual snoring and OSA risk in these patients.

Methods: Patients with asthma were surveyed at specialty clinics with the Sleep Apnea scale of the Sleep Disorders Questionnaire (SA-SDQ) and questions about the frequency of asthma symptoms (National Asthma Education and Prevention Program guidelines), followed by medical record review.

Do licensing and accreditation matter in outpatient substance abuse treatment programs?

Licensing and accreditation are widely used to improve and convey organizational quality. The objective of this study was to provide substance abuse treatment stakeholders with better evidence about how well licensing and accreditation actually correlate with staffing and treatment practices. Regressions using data from national surveys of outpatient substance abuse treatment facilities indicated that no form of licensing or accreditation was associated with better staff-to-client ratios or with one important aspect of comprehensive treatment -- the percentage of clients receiving routine medical care.

Semiparametric analysis of correlated recurrent and terminal events.

In clinical and observational studies, recurrent event data (e.g., hospitalization) with a terminal event (e.

The effects of governing board configuration on profound organizational change in hospitals.

This study extends the literature on governing boards and organizational change by examining how governing board configurations have influenced profound organizational change in U.S. hospitals, and the conditions under which such change occurs.

Recurrent stroke risk is higher than cardiac event risk after initial stroke/transient ischemic attack.

Background And Purpose: Patients with ischemic stroke and transient ischemic attack (TIA) are at risk for recurrent cerebrovascular and cardiac events. Understanding which of these adverse events is more likely to occur next is instructive for preventive therapy planning.

Methods: Subjects (n=1923) were identified from a sample of hospital discharges from administrative claims for the Michigan Medicare population from January 2001 to June 2001 using International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision codes for ischemic stroke/TIA.