Utilizing Headspace-Gas Chromatography-Ion Mobility Spectroscopy Technology to Establish the Volatile Chemical Component Fingerprint Profiles of Processed by Different Preparation Methods and to Perform Differential Analysis of Their Components.

In order to characterize the volatile chemical components of processed by different Traditional Chinese Medicine Processing methods and establish fingerprint profiles, headspace-gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (HS-GC-IMS) technology was employed to detect, identify, and analyze processed by five different methods. Fingerprint profiles of volatile chemical components of processed by different methods were established; a total of 85 different volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were detected in the experiment, including esters, alcohols, ketones, aldehydes, terpenes, olefinic compounds, nitrogen compounds, lactones, pyrazines, sulfur compounds, thiophenes, acid, and thiazoles. Principal component analysis (PCA), Orthogonal Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis (OPLS-DA), and Pearson correlation analysis methods were used to cluster and analyze the detected chemical substances and their contents.

Design of a pseudo-color-assisted biocompatible supramolecular sensing probe for "lighting up" endogenous salicylic acid in plants.

The widely recognized phytohormone, salicylic acid (SA), serves not only as an exogenous additive for fruits and vegetables but, more crucially, as an in vivo regulator of the entire plant growth process. Consequently, it is essential to achieve both in vitro detection and in vivo imaging analysis of the plant hormone SA. In this study, a biocompatible supramolecular probe was crafted using a "label-free" SA aptamer as the host for an aggregation-induced emission (AIE) organic small molecule.

Programmable Wrinkled MXene-Based Soft Actuators with Moisture- and Light-Responsive Deformation and Water-Surface Locomotion Capabilities.

Soft actuators are limited by single-mode driving technology, which poses challenges in dealing with complex and multidimensional movements. In this study, a multiresponsive soft actuator was fabricated by integrating a microwrinkling structure into an MXene-based film, enabling programmable motions. To achieve this, we introduced -hexane into the film preparation process and utilized its rapid volatilization to accelerate the shrinkage difference between the film and the substrate.

Meniscus injury prediction model based on metric learning.

A meniscus injury is a prevalent condition affecting the knee joint. The construction of a subjective prediction model for meniscus injury represents a potentially invaluable diagnostic tool for physicians. Nevertheless, given the variability of pathological manifestations among individual patients, machine learning-based models may produce errors when attempting to predict specific medical records.

Spermine synthase engages in macrophages M2 polarization to sabotage antitumor immunity in hepatocellular carcinoma.

Disturbances in tumor cell metabolism reshape the tumor microenvironment (TME) and impair antitumor immunity, but the implicit mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we found that spermine synthase (SMS) was significantly upregulated in tumor cells, which correlated positively with the immunosuppressive microenvironment and predicted poor survival in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients. Via "subcutaneous" and "orthotopic" HCC syngeneic mouse models and a series of in vitro coculture experiments, we identified elevated SMS levels in HCC cells played a role in immune escape mainly through its metabolic product spermine, which induced M2 polarization of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and subsequently corresponded with a decreased antitumor functionality of CD8 T cells.

68Ga-MY6349 PET/CT imaging to assess Trop2 expression in multiple types of cancer.

BACKGROUNDConsidering that trophoblast cell-surface antigen 2 (Trop2) is overexpressed in a wide range of human epithelial cancers, it presents an attractive target for diagnosis and treatment of multiple types of cancer. Herein, we have developed a Trop2-specific radiotracer, 68Ga-MY6349, and present a prospective, investigator-initiated trial to explore the clinical value of 68Ga-MY6349 PET/CT.METHODSIn this translational study, 90 patients with 15 types of cancer who underwent 68Ga-MY6349 PET/CT were enrolled prospectively.

Radiation-sensitive circRNA hsa_circ_0096498 inhibits radiation-induced liver fibrosis by suppressing EIF4A3 nuclear translocation to decrease CDC42 expression in hepatic stellate cells.

Background: Radiation-induced liver fibrosis (RILF) is a common manifestation of radiation-induced liver injury (RILI) and is caused primarily by activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). Circular RNAs (circRNAs) play critical roles in various diseases, but little is known about the function and mechanism of circRNAs in RILF.

Methods: RNA pull-down and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) were used to screen binding proteins of hsa_circ_0096498 (circ96498).

Human outbreaks of a novel reassortant Oropouche virus in the Brazilian Amazon region.

The Brazilian western Amazon is experiencing its largest laboratory-confirmed Oropouche virus (OROV) outbreak, with more than 6,300 reported cases between 2022 and 2024. In this study, we sequenced and analyzed 382 OROV genomes from human samples collected in Amazonas, Acre, Rondônia and Roraima states, between August 2022 and February 2024, to uncover the origin and genetic evolution of OROV in the current outbreak. Genomic analyses revealed that the upsurge of OROV cases in the Brazilian Amazon coincides with spread of a novel reassortant lineage containing the M segment of viruses detected in the eastern Amazon region (2009-2018) and the L and S segments of viruses detected in Peru, Colombia and Ecuador (2008-2021).

A brain structure learning-guided multi-view graph representation learning for brain network analysis.

Background: Resting-state brain networks represent the interconnectivity of different brain regions during rest. Utilizing brain network analysis methods to model these networks can enhance our understanding of how different brain regions collaborate and communicate without explicit external stimuli. However, analyzing resting-state brain networks faces challenges due to high heterogeneity and noise correlation between subjects.

Copper-Catalyzed Trifunctionalization of Heteroaryl-Substituted 1-Hexenes via Remote Heteroaryl Migration.

A copper-catalyzed trifunctionalization (trifluoromethylation, heteroarylation, and cyanation) of heteroaryl-substituted 1-hexenes via remote heteroaryl migration is reported. A variety of CF and heteroaryl-containing nitriles were readily constructed under mild conditions. The reaction features high chemo- and regioselectivities and represents a convenient method for the synthesis of multifunctionalized molecules in organic synthesis.

A rapid and accurate fluorescent sensor array based on lanthanide metal-organic framework for identification and determination of perfluorinated compounds.

Perfluorinated compounds (PFCs), as an important class of environmental pollutants, have chemical and structural similarities that make their detection a great technical challenge. This study synthesized three species of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) using different lanthanide metal ions or organic ligands, which were integrated into a fluorescent sensor array. This innovative approach offers a straightforward, rapid, and precise detection strategy for PFCs.

Boosting electrochemical oxygen reduction to hydrogen peroxide coupled with organic oxidation.

The electrochemical oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) to produce hydrogen peroxide (HO) is appealing due to its sustainability. However, its efficiency is compromised by the competing 4e ORR pathway. In this work, we report a hierarchical carbon nanosheet array electrode with a single-atom Ni catalyst synthesized using organic molecule-intercalated layered double hydroxides as precursors.

Causal relations between ischemic stroke and epilepsy: A bidirectional Mendelian randomization study.

Background: Although previous studies have reported a bidirectional relationship between ischemic stroke (IS) and epilepsy, the existence of a causal nexus and its directionality remains a topic of controversy.

Methods: The single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with IS were extracted from the Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS) database. Pooled genetic data encompassing all epilepsy cases, as well as generalized and focal epilepsy subtypes, were acquired from the International League Against Epilepsy's GWAS study.

Coreference Resolution Based on High-Dimensional Multi-Scale Information.

Coreference resolution is a key task in Natural Language Processing. It is difficult to evaluate the similarity of long-span texts, which makes text-level encoding somewhat challenging. This paper first compares the impact of commonly used methods to improve the global information collection ability of the model on the BERT encoding performance.

Predicting the onset of overweight in Chinese high school students: a machine-learning approach in a one-year prospective cohort study.

Objective: This study aimed to develop and evaluate machine-learning models for predicting the onset of overweight in adolescents aged 14‒17, utilizing easily collectible personal information.

Methods: This study was a one-year prospective cohort study. Baseline data were collected through anthropometric measurements and questionnaires, and the incidence of overweight was calculated one year later via anthropometric measurements.

Detection of mild cognitive impairment based on attention mechanism and parallel dilated convolution.

Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a precursor to neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, and an early diagnosis and intervention can delay its progression. However, the brain MRI images of MCI patients have small changes and blurry shapes. At the same time, MRI contains a large amount of redundant information, which leads to the poor performance of current MCI detection methods based on deep learning.

Association between human blood metabolites and cerebral cortex architecture: evidence from a Mendelian randomization study.

Background: Dysregulation of circulating metabolites may affect brain function and cognition, associated with alterations in the cerebral cortex architecture. However, the exact cause remains unclear. This study aimed to determine the causal effect of circulating metabolites on the cerebral cortex architecture.

Sulforaphane decreases oxidative stress and inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome activation in a mouse model of ulcerative colitis.

Excessive oxidative stress and NLRP3 inflammasome activation are considered the main drivers of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and inhibition of inflammasomes ameliorates clinical symptoms and morphological manifestations of IBD. Herein, we examined the roles of NLRP3 activation in IBD and modulation of NLRP3 by sulforaphane (SFN), a compound with multiple pharmacological activities that is extracted from cruciferous plants. To simulate human IBD, we established a mouse colitis model by administering dextran sodium sulfate in the drinking water.

Based on HPLC and HS-GC-IMS Techniques, the Changes in the Internal Chemical Components of (Turcz.) Baill. Fruit at Different Harvesting Periods Were Analyzed.

, as a traditional Chinese herbal medicine, has clear pharmacological effects such as treating asthma, protecting nerves and blood vessels, and having anti-inflammatory properties. Although the fruit contain multiple active components, the lignans have been widely studied as the primary pharmacologically active compound. The volatile chemical components of include a large amount of terpenes, which have been proven to have broad pharmacological activities.

Impaired olfactory identification in dementia-free individuals is associated with the functional abnormality of the precuneus.

Objective: Olfactory dysfunction indicates a higher risk of developing dementia. However, the potential structural and functional changes are still largely unknown.

Methods: A total of 236 participants were enrolled, including 45 Alzheimer's disease (AD) individuals and 191dementia-free individuals.

Individualized small bowel preparation for computed tomography enterography: A prospective randomized controlled trial.

Background And Aim: The study aims to evaluate the feasibility of body mass index (BMI)-based individualized small bowel preparation for computed tomography enterography (CTE).

Methods: In this prospective randomized controlled study, patients undergoing CTE were randomly assigned to the individualized group or standardized group. Those in individualized group were given different volumes of mannitol solution based on BMI (1000 mL for patients with BMI < 18.

A sensitive coumarin fluorescence sensor designed for isoprene detection and imaging research in plants.

The release of isoprene by plants is considered to be an adaptation to the environment. Herein, a highly selective coumarin fluorescent probe (DMIC) was designed for detecting isoprene. When isoprene came into contact with the maleimide of DMIC, an electrophilic addition process took place.