Rumen Bacterial Community Responses to Three DHA Supplements: A Comparative In Vitro Study.

The aim of this study was to investigate the loss of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) from three supplements (two powders and one oil) after digestion (rumen and gastrointestinal) and their effects on the number and composition of rumen bacteria, using an in vitro approach. The concentration of supplements has a significant impact on the DHA loss rate and algal oil exhibited the highest rate of loss, but bioaccessibility was not significantly different from the other supplements. 16S rRNA sequencing showed that three DHA supplements altered the bacterial composition of in vitro batch cultures inoculated with rumen microorganisms from cows, and caused changes in the relative abundance of important bacterial phyla, families, and genera.

Identifying ENO1 as a protein target of chlorogenic acid to inhibit cellular senescence and prevent skin photoaging in mice.

Cellular senescence plays a critical role in repeated ultraviolet (UV) exposure-induced skin photoaging. Currently, from the perspective of regulating senescent cells, potent compounds or reliable protein targets that could effectively prevent skin photoaging have not yet been reported. Herein, we demonstrated that chlorogenic acid (CGA) significantly inhibited UVA-induced senescence of human dermis skin fibroblasts (HDF) cells by screening the natural product library.

The Effect of Antioxidant Polyphenol Supplementation on Cardiometabolic Risk Factors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

: Polyphenol is considered to exert a favorable impact on cardiovascular health. : To summarize the role of polyphenol antioxidant supplements in cardiovascular disease, we searched for randomized controlled trials up to 10th November 2024 that reported estimates of the effects of polyphenol antioxidant supplements on cardiometabolic risk factors. : Of the 17,126 participants in the 281 studies, weighted mean differences [95% confidence intervals] were derived for the intervention condition utilizing random effects modeling.

Harnessing Visible Light for CO Conversion: The Role of Highly Reduced Phosphomolybdate Crystals as Powerful Photocatalysts.

Heterogeneous photocatalysts, characterized by well-defined atomic structures and the capacity for rapid, directional electron transfer, are pivotal in the exploration and development of highly efficient systems for visible-light-driven diluted CO reduction. Herein, we constructed highly reduced phosphomolybdates crystalline materials - to help this process, with the formula of [Co(CNH)][Co(CNH)(HO)][Co(HPMoO)]·8HO (), [Ni(CNH)(HO)][Ni(CNH)][Ni(HO)][Ni(HPMoO)]·3HO·2CHOH (), and [Zn(CNH)][Zn(CNH)][Zn(CNH)(HO)][Zn(HPMoO)] () [CNH = 2-(1H-pyrazol-3-yl)pyridine]. Specifically, catalyst demonstrated a CO production rate of 3276.

The Impact of Thermal Treatment Intensity on Proteins, Fatty Acids, Macro/Micro-Nutrients, Flavor, and Heating Markers of Milk-A Comprehensive Review.

Milk thermal treatment, such as pasteurization, high-temperature short-time processing, and the emerging ultra-short-time processing (<0.5 s), are crucial for ensuring milk safety and extending its shelf life. Milk is a nutritive food matrix with various macro/micro-nutrients and other constituents that are possibly affected by thermal treatment for reasons associated with processing strength.

Small Conjugated Organic Ligand-Modified Polyoxometalate-Based Hybrid Materials for Boosting Photocatalytic CO Reduction.

Photocatalytic carbon dioxide (CO) reduction to value-added chemicals is a multielectron transfer process, and the crucial step is the synthesis of photocatalysts. The introduction of small conjugated organic ligands can make the catalytic active site of the compound easier to be exposed in the reaction system and fully contact with the substrate, accelerating the photocatalytic reaction process. In this paper, we synthesized two isomorphic compounds, namely, {[Co(mtrz)·(HO)]·[SiWO]}·6HO () and {[Ni(mtrz)·(HO)]·[SiWO]}·6HO () (mtrz = 1-methyl-1,2,4-triazole).

Programmable Chemical Evolution with Natural/Non-Natural Building Blocks.

Non-natural building blocks (BBs) present a vast reservoir of chemical diversity for molecular recognition and drug discovery. However, leveraging evolutionary principles to efficiently generate bioactive molecules with a larger number of diverse BBs poses challenges within current laboratory evolution systems. Here, we introduce programmable chemical evolution (PCEvo) by integrating chemoinformatic classification and high-throughput array synthesis/screening.

Antioxidant Lipid Supplement on Cardiovascular Risk Factors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

The efficacy of functional lipids with antioxidant properties in reducing cardiovascular risk has not been consistent. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) reporting estimates for the effects of antioxidant functional lipid supplementations on cardiometabolic risk factors were searched up to 1 May 2024. Overall, antioxidant lipid supplementations, compared with placebo, had favorable effects on systolic blood pressure (lycopene: -1.

Thermo-responsive composite nanoparticles based on hydroxybutyl chitosan oligosaccharide: Fabrication, stimulus release and cancer therapy.

Designing thermo-responsive nanocarriers based on biopolymers is fascinating and challenging for cancer therapy. In this study, thermo-responsive composite nanoparticles (CNPs) were prepared using hydroxybutyl chitosan oligosaccharide (HBCOS) and sodium caseinate (SC) via electrostatic interactions and covalent crosslinking. The temperature-responsive behaviors of CNPs were induced by the breakage of hydrogen bonds and the shrinkage of chains in nanoparticles.

The Combination of Lactoferrin and Creatine Ameliorates Muscle Decay in a Sarcopenia Murine Model.

Background: Sarcopenia is an age-related condition characterized by progressive loss of muscle mass, strength, and function. The occurrence of sarcopenia has a huge impact on physical, psychological, and social health. Therefore, the prevention and treatment of sarcopenia is becoming an important public health issue.

New insights into the milk quality at varying altitudes in China.

Introducing Holstein cows on Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau is a potential solution to enhance local milk production. However, the relationship between milk quality and altitude in China remains unknown. Therefore, the components and plasmin (PL) system of raw milk from different altitudes (sea level, 1600, 2700, and 3800 m) were investigated.

The Antioxidant Polysaccharide Modulates Host Metabolism and Gut Microbiota to Alleviate High-Fat Diet-Induced Atherosclerosis in ApoE Mice.

Background: The discovery of traditional plants' medicinal and nutritional properties has opened up new avenues for developing pharmaceutical and dietary strategies to prevent atherosclerosis. However, the effect of the antioxidant polysaccharide (DOP) on atherosclerosis is still not elucidated.

Purpose: This study aims to investigate the inhibitory effect and the potential mechanism of DOP on high-fat diet-induced atherosclerosis in Apolipoprotein E knockout (ApoE) mice.

Gambogic acid exhibits promising anticancer activity by inhibiting the pentose phosphate pathway in lung cancer mouse model.

Background: The pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) plays a crucial role in the material and energy metabolism in cancer cells. Targeting 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGD), the rate-limiting enzyme in the PPP metabolic process, to inhibit cellular metabolism is an effective anticancer strategy. In our previous study, we have preliminarily demonstrated that gambogic acid (GA) induced cancer cell death by inhibiting 6PGD and suppressing PPP at the cellular level.

A reduced polyoxometalate-encapsulated organo cobalt modified phosphate framework for improving photocatalytic reduction of CO.

A reduced polyoxometalate-based organo-metallophosphate (MOPO) framework formulated as [Co(PO)(CHN)](PWVI10WV2O) (Co-PO4-PW12) with an ultra-high CO production rate of 13 676 μmol g h has been presented through photocatalytic CO reduction investigations.

Microplastics exposure causes the senescence of human lung epithelial cells and mouse lungs by inducing ROS signaling.

Microplastics (MPs) are environmental pollutants and can be inhaled by humans to threaten health. The lung tissue, responsible for the gas exchange between the body and the environment, is vulnerable to MPs exposure. However, from the perspective of cellular senescence, the effect of MPs on lung cells and tissues has not yet been deeply dissected.

Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Receipt of General Anesthesia for Cesarean Delivery.

Importance: General anesthesia for cesarean delivery is associated with increased maternal morbidity, and Black and Hispanic pregnant patients have higher rates of general anesthesia use compared with their non-Hispanic White counterparts. It is unknown whether risk factors and indications for general anesthesia differ among patients of differing race and ethnicity.

Objective: To evaluate differences in general anesthesia use for cesarean delivery and the indication for the general anesthetic by race and ethnicity.

Photoaffinity labeling coupled with proteomics identify PDI-ADAM17 module is targeted by (-)-vinigrol to induce TNFR1 shedding and ameliorate rheumatoid arthritis in mice.

Various biological agents have been developed to target tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and its receptor TNFR1 for the rheumatoid arthritis (RA) treatment, whereas small molecules modulating such cytokine receptors are rarely reported in comparison to the biologicals. Here, by revealing the mechanism of action of vinigrol, a diterpenoid natural product, we show that inhibition of the protein disulfide isomerase (PDI, PDIA1) by small molecules activates A disintegrin and metalloprotease 17 (ADAM17) and then leads to the TNFR1 shedding on mouse and human cell membranes. This small-molecule-induced receptor shedding not only effectively blocks the inflammatory response caused by TNF-α in cells, but also reduces the arthritic score and joint damage in the collagen-induced arthritis mouse model.

Chemoproteomics reveals Sofalcone inhibits the inflammatory response of Caco-2 cells by covalently targeting HMGB1.

Sofalcone (Sof), a synthetic analog of sophoradin, is a type of natural phenol derived from the traditional medicinal herb , with potent anti-inflammatory activity. However, the mechanisms of action of Sof for treating intestinal-associated inflammation are not well known. In this work, we identified high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) as the key covalent target of Sof for the anti-inflammatory activity in the human colonic epithelial cells through quantitative chemoproteomics profiling.

Personalized smart voice-based electronic prescription for remote at-home feedback management in cardiovascular disease rehabilitation: a multi-center randomized controlled trial.

Objective: To investigate the quality and efficacy of remote at-home rehabilitation for patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD) using personalized smart voice-based electronic prescription, and further explore the standardized health management mode of remote family cardiac rehabilitation. Trial design: A multicenter, randomized (1:1), non-blind, parallel controlled study.

Methods: A total of 171 patients with CVD who were admitted to 18 medical institutions in China from April 2021 to October 2022 were randomly divided into a treatment group (86 cases) and a control group (85 cases) in a non-blinded experiment, based on the sequence of enrollment.

How eluents define proteomic fingerprinting of protein corona on nanoparticles.

Nanoparticles (NPs) have broad application prospects in the field of biomedicine due to their excellent physicochemical properties. When entering biological fluids, NPs inevitably encountered proteins and were subsequently surrounded by them, forming the termed protein corona (PC). As PC has been evidenced to have critical roles in deciding the biological fates of NPs, how to precisely characterize PC is vital to promote the clinical translation of nanomedicine by understanding and harnessing NPs' behaviors.

Layered Co-O Cluster Applied to Photocatalytic CO Reduction.

In the field of recycling CO, the photocatalytic CO reduction reaction (CORR) is a typical example, and researchers have designed a variety of photocatalysts to improve the conversion rate of CO over the years. In this paper, two metal-oxygen clusters are designed and formulated as [CoZn(OH)(SO)]·4HO () and [NiZn(OH)(SO)]·4HO (). As for compound , the main structure is composed of {CoO} octahedra connected by edge-sharing to form a two-dimensional layer, on which {ZnO} and {SO} tetrahedra are supported.

Efficient Visible-Light-Driven Hydrogen Production over Cu-Modified Polyoxotungstate Hybrids.

Hydrogen energy is a renewable and clean source, which makes a great difference in future sustainable energy systems. Visible-light-driven photocatalysis reaction involves harnessing the abundance of sunlight for hydrogen production among many catalytic technologies. However, the fabrication of photocatalysts that have distinctive performance in visible light is still the primary challenge.

Glycyrrhizic Acid Mitigates Tripterygium-Glycoside-Tablet-Induced Acute Liver Injury via PKM2 Regulated Oxidative Stress.

Tripterygium glycoside tablet (TGT), as a common clinical drug, can easily cause liver damage due to the narrow therapeutic window. Glycyrrhizic acid (GA) has a hepatoprotective effect, but the characteristics and mechanism of GA's impact on TGT-induced acute liver injury by regulating oxidative stress remain unelucidated. In this study, TGT-induced acute liver injury models were established in vitro and in vivo.