Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), a malignancy of the digestive system, is highly prevalent and the primary cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide due to the lack of early diagnostic biomarkers and effective therapeutic targets. Dysregulated ribonucleotide reductase (RNR) expression has been confirmed to be causally linked to tumorigenesis. This study demonstrated that ribonucleotide reductase small subunit M2 (RRM2) is significantly upregulated in ESCC tissue and that its expression is negatively correlated with clinical outcomes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTreatment options for patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) often result in poor prognosis and declining health-related quality of life. Screening FDA-approved drugs for cancer chemoprevention is a promising and cost-efficient strategy. Here, we found that dronedarone, an antiarrhythmic drug, could inhibit the proliferation of ESCC cells.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAbrocitinib is a selective Janus kinase 1 inhibitor approved for the treatment of atopic dermatitis. It is metabolized primarily by cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2C19 (approximately 53%) and CYP2C9 (approximately 30%), which form 2 active metabolites. The pharmacologic activity of abrocitinib is attributable to the unbound exposures of abrocitinib and those metabolites with active moiety area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) considered the best measure of the total pharmacological effect.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjectives: Seeking a noninvasive predictor for BRAF V600E mutation status of pleomorphic xanthoastrocytomas (PXAs) is essential for their prognoses and therapeutic use of BRAF inhibitors. We aimed to noninvasively diagnose BRAF V600E-mutated PXAs using MRI morphologic, DWI and clinical parameters.
Methods: The clinical findings, anatomical MRI characteristics, and diffusion parameters of 36 pathologically confirmed PXAs were retrospectively analyzed, and BRAF V600E-mutated (n = 16) and wild-type (n = 20) groups were compared.
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH)-diaphorase (N-d) positive neurons have been extensively studied across various animals, and N-d neurodegenerative neurites have been detected in some aged animal models. However, detailed knowledge on N-d positivity and aging-related alterations in the spinal cord and medulla oblongata of pigeons is limited. In this study, we investigated N-d positivity and age-related changes in the pigeon's spinal cord and medulla oblongata and compared them to those in rats and mice.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Chronic excessive alcohol consumption can lead to alcoholic fatty liver, posing substantial health risks. l-Theanine (LTA) and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) in tea exert antioxidant and hepatoprotective effects. However, the combined effects of LTA and EGCG on rats with alcoholic fatty liver, and the underlying mechanisms of such effects, remain unclear.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAn intramuscular (IM) suspension of benzathine penicillin G (BPG) has been used as first-line therapy for the treatment of syphilis worldwide since its approval in the 1950s. However, there are limited reports about the pharmacokinetics of BPG. A Phase 1 study was conducted on eight Japanese healthy participants to investigate the pharmacokinetics (samples collected predose to 648 h post-dose) and safety of 2.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNanotechnology for tumor diagnosis and optical therapy has attracted widespread interest due to its low toxicity and convenience but is severely limited due to uncontrollable tumor targeting. In this work, homologous cancer cell membrane-camouflaged multifunctional hybrid metal coordination nanoparticles (DRu/Gd@CM) were prepared for MRI-guided photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photothermal therapy (PTT) of tumors. Bimetallic coordination nanoparticles are composed of three functional modules: dopamine, Ru(dcbpy)Cl and GdCl, which are connected through 1,4-Bis[(1H-imidazole-1-yl)methyl]benzene (BIX).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAcid-sensitive CdTe quantum dots-loaded alginate hydrogel (CdTe QDs-AH) beads were designed for the visual detection of SO residues. As proof of concept, two types of CdTe QDs were selected as model probes and embedded in AH beads. The entire test was performed within 25 min in a modified double-layer test tube with one bead fixed above the sample solution.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCurrent literature emphasizes surgical complexities and customized resection for managing insular gliomas; however, radiogenomic investigations into prognostic radiomic traits remain limited. We aimed to develop and validate a radiomic model using multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for prognostic prediction and to reveal the underlying biological mechanisms. Radiomic features from preoperative MRI were utilized to develop and validate a radiomic risk signature (RRS) for insular gliomas, validated through paired MRI and RNA-seq data (N = 39), to identify core pathways underlying the RRS and individual prognostic radiomic features.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWe investigated aging-related changes in nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-diaphorase (NADPH-d) in the spinal cord of aged dogs. At all levels of the spinal cord examined, NADPH-d activities were observed in neurons and fibers in the superficial dorsal horn (DH), dorsal gray commissure (DGC) and around the central canal (CC). A significant number of NADPH-d positive macro-diameter fibers, termed megaloneurites, were discovered in the sacral spinal cord (S1-S3) segments of aged dogs.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: To assess the image quality feasibility and diagnostic value of zoomed diffusion-weighted imaging (z-EPI DWI) using echo-planar imaging (EPI) compared with conventional DWI (c-EPI DWI) in patients with periampullary disease.
Methods: Thirty-six patients with periampullary carcinomas and fifteen with benign periampullary disease were included in this study. All the subjects underwent MR cholangiopancreatography (MRCP), c-EPI DWI, and z-EPI DWI.
The microbiota-gut-brain axis plays an important role in the pathophysiology of autism spectrum disorder, but its specific mechanisms remain unclear. This study aimed to explore the associations of changes in neurotransmitters and short-chain fatty acids with alterations in gut microbiota in valproic acid model rats. The autism model rats were established by prenatal exposure to valproic acid (VPA).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a prevalent complication of acute aortic dissection (AAD) and is associated with poor outcomes. The onset of AAD may result in endothelial injury due to the formation of the false lumen, which can activate the coagulation pathway and lead to coagulation dysfunction. It serves as a valuable diagnostic and prognostic marker for AAD, but also plays a role in the pathological mechanisms underlying AKI.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFChild Care Health Dev
November 2023
Aim: This study aimed to understand how children and families access early intervention in China.
Background: Timely identification and high-quality intervention is expected to prevent and reduce the occurrence and severity of chronic functional impairment for children with disability and is of great significance to individuals and the society. The current study recruited 1129 caregivers of children with disabilities from rural and urban areas of China were recruited to participate in a survey.
Background: Neuroinflammation is closely associated with the occurrence and development of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This study aims to describe the global development history and current status of neuroinflammation in ASD from 2004 to 2021 and reveal the research hotspots and frontiers to provide a reference for scholars in related fields to carry out further research.
Methods: Journal articles on ASD and neuroinflammation-related research were obtained from the Web of Science Core Collection (WOSCC) database from its inception to 2021.
The intestine is a key organ for the absorption of amino acids. L-theanine (LTA) is a structural analog of glutamine and a characteristic non-protein amino acid found in tea () that regulates lipid and protein metabolism. The present study explored the role of LTA in intestinal amino acid absorption, protein synthesis, and its mechanisms.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Mini-Manual Ability Classification System (Mini-MACS) was developed for children with cerebral palsy aged 1-4 years, but its validity and reliability in different cultures are unavailable yet. This study was to determine the reliability and validity of Mini-MACS in East Asian children with cerebral palsy and investigate the correlation between Mini-MACS and Gross Motor Function Classification System.
Methods: One hundred and four East Asian children with cerebral palsy aged 12-48 months were classified by one of their parents, an occupational therapist, and a physical therapist with Mini-MACS.
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: We aimed to investigate the feasibility and application of using the zoomed diffusion-weighted echo-planar imaging (z-EPI DWI) sequences for hilar cholangiocarcinoma assessment compared with conventional single-shot EPI diffusion-weighted imaging (c-EPI DWI).
Methods: Both c-EPI DWI and z-EPI DWI were preoperatively performed in 16 patients with histopathologically-confirmed hilar cholangiocarcinoma. A two-dimensional spatial-selective radiofrequency (RF) pulse was applied to the z-EPI DWI using an echo-planar transmit trajectory.
Purpose: The magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings may overlap due to the complex content of parotid gland tumors and the differentiation level of malignant tumor (MT); consequently, patients may undergo diagnostic lobectomy. This study assessed whether radiomics features could noninvasively stratify parotid gland tumors accurately based on apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps.
Methods: This study examined diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) obtained with echo planar imaging sequences.
As the irreversible products of the non-enzymatic reduction of sugars and the amino groups of proteins or peptides, advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are metabolized and excreted via the kidneys. However, if AGEs are not metabolized, they are deposited in the kidneys and bind to AGE receptors (RAGE), which can induce various pathological changes, including oxidative stress, apoptosis, and inflammation. This study used the D-galactose (DG)-induced rat model to explore the potential role and mechanism of L-theanine in inhibiting AGEs/RAGE-related signaling pathways in renal tissues.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEpigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and L-theanine (LTA) are important bioactive components in tea that have shown promising effects on nutrient metabolism. However, whether EGCG alone or combined with LTA can regulate the glucose, lipid, and protein metabolism of healthy rats remains unclear. Therefore, we treated healthy rats with EGCG or the combination of EGCG and LTA (EGCG+LTA) to investigate the effects of EGCG on nutrient metabolism and the role of LTA in the metabolism-regulatory effects of EGCG.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe objective for the present analyses was to evaluate the utility of physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling for prediction of the pharmacokinetics (PK) in Chinese and Japanese populations with a panel of Pfizer internal compounds. Twelve compounds from Pfizer internal development pipeline with available Westerner PK data and available PK data in at least one of the subpopulations of Japanese and Chinese populations were identified and included in the current analysis. These selected compounds represent various elimination pathways across different therapeutic areas.
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