Dexmedetomidine combined with propofol attenuates myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury by activating the AMPK signaling pathway.

Objective: Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (MI/R) injury is a major cause of cardiac tissue damage, with high disability and death rates. Although both dexmedetomidine (Dex) and propofol (PPF) have been indicated to alleviate MI/R injury in rat models, the effects of the combined use of these two drugs remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the combined effects of Dex and PPF against MI/R injury and related mechanisms.

Causes of PM pollution in an air pollution transport channel city of northern China.

To develop effective mitigation policies, a comprehensive understanding of the evolution of the chemical composition, formation mechanisms, and the contribution of sources at different pollution levels is required. PM samples were collected for 1 year from August 2016 to August 2017 at an urban site in Zibo, then chemical compositions were analyzed. Secondary inorganic aerosols (SNA), anthropogenic minerals (MIN), and organic matter (OM) were the most abundant components of PM, but only the mass fraction of SNA increased as the pollution evolved, implying that PM pollution was caused by the formation of secondary aerosols, especially nitrate.