Future perspective: high-throughput construction of new ultrasensitive cytokine and virion liquid chips for high-throughput screening (HTS) of anti-inflammatory drugs or clinical diagnosis and treatment of inflammatory diseases.

Pathogen-host cell interactions play an important role in many human infectious and inflammatory diseases. Several pathogens, including Escherichia coli (E. coli), Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.

The Applications of Promoter-gene-Engineered Biosensors.

A promoter is a small region of a DNA sequence that responds to various transcription factors, which initiates a particular gene expression. The promoter-engineered biosensor can activate or repress gene expression through a transcription factor recognizing specific molecules, such as polyamine, sugars, lactams, amino acids, organic acids, or a redox molecule; however, there are few reported applications of promoter-enhanced biosensors. This review paper highlights the strategies of construction of promoter gene-engineered biosensors with human and bacteria genetic promoter arrays with regard to high-throughput screening (HTS) molecular drugs, the study of the membrane protein's localization and nucleocytoplasmic shuttling mechanism of regulating factors, enzyme activity, detection of the toxicity of intermediate chemicals, and probing bacteria density to improve value-added product titer.

High-Throughput Chip Assay for Investigating Escherichia coli Interaction with the Blood-Brain Barrier Using Microbial and Human Proteome Microarrays (Dual-Microarray Technology).

Bacterial meningitis in neonates and infants is an acute lethal disease and occurs in response to microbial exploitation of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), resulting in the intracranial inflammation. Several pathogens, such as Escherichia coli ( E. coli), can cause this devastating disease; however, the underlying molecular mechanisms by which these pathogens exploit the BBB remain incompletely understood.

Screening for host proteins interacting with Escherichia coli O157:H7 EspF using bimolecular fluorescence complementation.

Aim: To screen host proteins that interact with enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 EspF.

Materials & Methods: Flow cytometry and high-throughput sequencing were used to screen interacting proteins. Molecular function, biological processes and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways were studied using the DAVID online tool.

The Development of Protein Chips for High Throughput Screening (HTS) of Chemically Labeling Small Molecular Drugs.

How to construct protein chips and chemically labeling drug molecules without disrupting structures for HTS is still a challenging area. There are two main obstacles, one is that human multitrans membrane receptors, which are major drug targets, exhibit distinct motifs, and fold structures, and they will collapse unfold without membrane support in vitro; another one is that there still lack effective chemical labeling method for small drugs for detection. Therefore, how to acquire high detecting sensitivity for small molecules and to immobilize membrane protein receptors in native conformation with uniform direction on the chip, need to be solved for drug HTS.

VirD: a virion display array for profiling functional membrane proteins.

To facilitate high-throughput biochemical analyses of membrane proteins, we have developed a novel display technology in a microarray format. Both single-pass (cluster of differentiation 4, CD4) and multiple-pass (G protein-coupled receptor 77, GPR77) human transmembrane proteins were engineered to be displayed in the membrane envelop of herpes simplex virions. These viruses produce large spherical virions displaying multiple copies of envelop proteins.

Two novel approaches targeting cancer cell membrane for tumor therapy.

Disruption of normal cell function by chemicals, UV radiation or viruses can cause various cancer. Drugs that have been developed for cancer therapy bind to various targets to correct disorder cell behavior, repair damaged DNA or promote cell apoptosis. However, there is rare study that focuses on cancer cell membrane as target.

Theoretical investigation on the reaction of adhesion unit dopa in mussel with electrolyzing seawater.

Adhesive proteins secreted by the marine mussel could bind strongly to all kinds of surfaces, for instance, ship hulls and petroleum pipelines. Studies indicated that there was an unusual amino acid 3,4-dihydroxy-l-phenylanine (dopa), which was the crucial super adhesive unit in the proteins. The technology of electrolyzing seawater was employed to generate HOCl solution to hinder the adhesion.

A new probe for targeting drug delivery system.

Recently, TDDS (Targeting drug delivery system) plays an important role in enhancing the bioavailability and targeting of anti-tumor drugs. How to transport drugs quickly and precisely to their target sites of action has not been solved fundamentally. A large number of researches have identified artemisinin and its analogs have the merit of precisely targeting to cancer cell, and low side effects to healthy tissue.