Shc1 cooperates with Frs2 and Shp2 to recruit Grb2 in FGF-induced lens development.

Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling elicits multiple downstream pathways, most notably the Ras/MAPK cascade facilitated by the adaptor protein Grb2. However, the mechanism by which Grb2 is recruited to the FGF signaling complex remains unresolved. Here we showed that genetic ablation of FGF signaling prevented lens induction by disrupting transcriptional regulation and actin cytoskeletal arrangements, which could be reproduced by deleting the juxtamembrane region of the FGF receptor and rescued by Kras activation.

Clinicopathological characteristics of placental chorioangioma: A clinicopathological study of 30 cases.

Objective: The objective is to explore clinicopathological characteristics, diagnosis, differential diagnoses, treatment, and prognoses of placental chorioangioma (PCA).

Materials And Methods: The pathological data of 30 cases of PCA were collected; the color Doppler ultrasound, Down's screening, fetal survival, and pathological characteristics were observed; and the literature was reviewed.

Results: Of the 30 patients, the ages ranged from 20 to 38 years, with an average of 29.

Placental mesenchymal dysplasia: A case report and review of literature.

Placental mesenchymal dysplasia is a rare disorder of the placenta with only a few reported cases. A case of interstitial dysplasia of the placenta was reported. The diagnosis and differential diagnosis were made by gross observation, microscopic findings, and immunohistochemistry.

Clearance phagocytosis by the retinal pigment epithelial during photoreceptor outer segment renewal: Molecular mechanisms and relation to retinal inflammation.

Mammalian photoreceptor outer segment renewal is a highly coordinated process that hinges on timed cell signaling between photoreceptor neurons and the adjacent retinal pigment epithelial (RPE). It is a strictly rhythmic, synchronized process that underlies in part circadian regulation. We highlight findings from recently developed methods that quantify distinct phases of outer segment renewal in retinal tissue.

Riboflavin Targets the Cellular Metabolic and Ribosomal Pathways of Candida albicans and Exhibits Efficacy against Oropharyngeal Candidiasis.

Oropharyngeal candidiasis (OPC), which has a high incidence in immunocompromised and denture stomatitis patients, is commonly caused by Candida albicans infection and in some cases develops into disseminated candidiasis throughout the throat and esophagus, resulting in high mortality. New drugs are needed to combat OPC because of the limited treatment options currently available and increasing resistance to existing drugs. Here, we confirmed that riboflavin (RF), a cofactor of flavin adenine mononucleotide and flavin adenine dinucleotide, has broad-spectrum anti- activity.

Antifungal Activity of Sodium New Houttuyfonate Against and .

is an important pathogen causing invasive aspergillosis, which is associated with high morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised people. However, the treatment of infection is a growing challenge, owing to the limited availability antifungal agents and the continual emergence of drug-resistant strains. Drug repurposing is a potential strategy to solve this current problem.

Glomus tumor of the crissum: A case report and review of literature.

Glomus tumor is a rare mesenchymal neoplasm arising from the modified smooth muscle cells of the glomus body. Primary crissum glomus tumor is extremely rare without any published in the literature. In this article, we report the first case of primary crissum glomus tumor in an 80-year-old man with recurrent anal pain for 8 years, increased pain for 1 year.

Acute RhoA/Rho Kinase Inhibition Is Sufficient to Restore Phagocytic Capacity to Retinal Pigment Epithelium Lacking the Engulfment Receptor MerTK.

The diurnal phagocytosis of spent photoreceptor outer segment fragments (POS) by retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells is essential for visual function. POS internalization by RPE cells requires the assembly of F-actin phagocytic cups beneath surface-tethered POS and Mer tyrosine kinase (MerTK) signaling. The activation of the Rho family GTPase Rac1 is necessary for phagocytic cup formation, and Rac1 is activated normally in MerTK-deficient RPE.

Drug repurposing strategies in the development of potential antifungal agents.

The morbidity and mortality caused by invasive fungal infections are increasing across the globe due to developments in transplant surgery, the use of immunosuppressive agents, and the emergence of drug-resistant fungal strains, which has led to a challenge in terms of treatment due to the limitations of three classes of drugs. Hence, it is imperative to establish effective strategies to identify and design new antifungal drugs. Drug repurposing is a potential way of expanding the application of existing drugs.

A Novel Quantitative Index of Meibomian Gland Dysfunction, the Meibomian Gland Tortuosity.

Purpose: To quantitatively measure meibomian gland (MG) tortuosity in meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) patients and normal controls and to observe the efficacy of evaluating MG tortuosity for the diagnosis of MGD.

Methods: This cross-sectional study enrolled 32 obstructive MGD patients and 28 normal volunteers. Clinical assessments were performed, including symptom questionnaires, tear meniscus height, tear break-up time (TBUT), corneal fluorescein staining, lid margin abnormality, MG expressibility, and meibography.

GATA-type transcription factor MrNsdD regulates dimorphic transition, conidiation, virulence and microsclerotium formation in the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium rileyi.

The GATA-type sexual development transcription factor NsdD has been implicated in virulence, secondary metabolism and asexual development in filamentous fungi. However, little is known about its function in the yeast-to-hypha transition and in microsclerotium formation. In the current study, the orthologous NsdD gene MrNsdD in the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium rileyi was characterized.

Smooth muscle tumor of uncertain malignant potential (STUMP): a clinicopathologic analysis of 26 cases.

Background: To investigate the clinicopathologic features, differential diagnosis, and factors associated with recurrence in patients with smooth muscle tumors of uncertain malignant potential (STUMP).

Methods: The clinical and pathologic data of STUMP patients diagnosed in Mindong Hospital of Ningde City from 2017 to 2018 were collected and slides reviewed, the high-frequency color Doppler ultrasound and pathological characteristics were observed, and the literature was reviewed.

Results: All the STUMP diagnoses were confirmed by slide review.

[High expression of activated CD4 memory T cells and CD8 T cells and low expression of M0 macrophage are associated with better clinical prognosis in bladder cancer patients].

Objective To study the infiltration pattern of bladder cancer immune cells and explore the relationship between immune cells and tumor prognosis. Methods The bladder cancer transcript data and corresponding clinical data were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). CIBERSORT software deconvolution method was used to calculate the proportions of 22 kinds of immune cells.

Etv transcription factors functionally diverge from their upstream FGF signaling in lens development.

The signal regulated transcription factors (SRTFs) control the ultimate transcriptional output of signaling pathways. Here, we examined a family of FGF-induced SRTFs - , , and - in murine lens development. Contrary to FGF receptor mutants that displayed loss of ERK signaling and defective cell differentiation, deficiency augmented ERK phosphorylation without disrupting the normal lens fiber gene expression.

carried by a hypervirulent with sequence type 29.

Background: A carbapenem-resistant hypermucoviscous isolate was recovered from human sputum.

Methods: Whole genome sequencing of this isolate was carried out to reveal its clonal background, antimicrobial resistance determinants and virulence factors. Virulence assays were performed using wax moth larvae.

Lens differentiation is controlled by the balance between PDGF and FGF signaling.

How multiple receptor tyrosine kinases coordinate cell fate determination is yet to be elucidated. We show here that the receptor for platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) signaling recruits the p85 subunit of Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) to regulate mammalian lens development. Activation of PI3K signaling not only prevents B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL2)-Associated X (Bax)- and BCL2 Antagonist/Killer (Bak)-mediated apoptosis but also promotes Notch signaling to prevent premature cell differentiation.

Advanced Analysis of Photoreceptor Outer Segment Phagocytosis by RPE Cells in Culture.

Retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells are among the most actively phagocytic cells in nature. Primary RPE and stable RPE cell lines provide experimental model systems that possess the same phagocytic machinery as RPE in situ. Upon experimental challenge with isolated photoreceptor outer segment fragments (POS), these cells promptly and efficiently recognize, bind, internalize, and digest POS.

Crk proteins transduce FGF signaling to promote lens fiber cell elongation.

Specific cell shapes are fundamental to the organization and function of multicellular organisms. Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF) signaling induces the elongation of lens fiber cells during vertebrate lens development. Nonetheless, exactly how this extracellular FGF signal is transmitted to the cytoskeletal network has previously not been determined.

Live Imaging of LysoTracker-Labelled Phagolysosomes Tracks Diurnal Phagocytosis of Photoreceptor Outer Segment Fragments in Rat RPE Tissue Ex Vivo.

Renewal of rod photoreceptor outer segments in the mammalian eye involves synchronized diurnal shedding after light onset of spent distal outer segment fragments (POS) linked to swift clearance of shed POS from the subretinal space by the adjacent retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). Engulfed POS phagosomes in RPE cells mature to acidified phagolysosomes, which accomplish enzymatic degradation of POS macromolecules. Here, we used an acidophilic fluorophore LysoTracker to label acidic organelles in freshly dissected, live rat RPE tissue flat mounts.

Sclerosing rhabdomyosarcoma presenting on the knee-joint.

Sclerosing rhabdomyosarcoma is a rare pathological diagnosis that easily misdiagnosed. The majority of cases reported the tumor increased rapidly in size and the Ki-67 proliferation index ranged from 10% to 60%. Here, we report the first case of the tumor increased very slowly for 20 years and the Ki-67 proliferation index was lower than 2%, and discuss its histological features and immunohistochemical reactivity with Desmin and Ki-67 and so on.

Regulation of phagocytosis by Rho GTPases.

Phagocytosis is defined as a cellular uptake pathway for particles of greater than 0.5 μm in diameter. Particle clearance by phagocytosis is of critical importance for tissue health and homeostasis.

Analysis of photoreceptor outer segment phagocytosis by RPE cells in culture.

Retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells are among the most actively phagocytic cells in nature. Primary RPE and stable RPE cell lines provide experimental model systems that possess the same phagocytic machinery as RPE in situ. Upon experimental challenge with isolated photoreceptor outer segment fragments (POS), these cells promptly and efficiently recognize, bind, internalize, and digest POS.

Essential diurnal Rac1 activation during retinal phagocytosis requires αvβ5 integrin but not tyrosine kinases focal adhesion kinase or Mer tyrosine kinase.

Diurnal phagocytosis of shed photoreceptor outer-segment particles by retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells belongs to a group of conserved clearance mechanisms employing αv integrins upstream of tyrosine kinases and Rho GTPases. In this study, we tested the interdependence of the tyrosine kinases focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and Mer tyrosine kinase (MerTK) and Rho GTPases during engulfment. RPE cells activated and redistributed Rac1, but not RhoA or Cdc42, during phagocytosis.