Ppb-Level Photoacoustic Detection of Chloroform Using Four-Microphone Array.

The photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS) system commonly enhances the efficiency of optical-acoustic-electrical energy conversion by increasing the laser power, optimizing the resonance characteristics of the photoacoustic cell (PAC), and improving the sensitivity of acoustic sensors. However, conventional systems using a single-microphone or a dual-microphone differential setup for point sampling of the photoacoustic signal fail to account for its spatial distribution, leading to a loss of spatial gain. Drawing on microphone array theory derived from sonar technology, this study, for the first time, presents a PAS sensing system based on a four-microphone array, which is applied to detect chloroform gas.

Multi-omics analysis reveals the enhancing effects of Glycyrrhiza polysaccharides on the respiratory health of broilers.

This study investigated the impact of Glycyrrhiza polysaccharides (GPS) on the respiratory health of broilers. Specifically, 240 one-day-old male Arbor Acres (AA) broilers were randomly assigned to two groups: basal diet (CON) and GPS (supplemented with 150 mg/kg of Glycyrrhiza polysaccharides). When compared with the CON group, the GPS group significantly increased the broiler average daily gain, serum immunoglobulin A, immunoglobulin M, immunoglobulin G, antioxidant capacity, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and tracheal messenger RNA (mRNA) expression levels of SOD1, SOD2, and GSH-Px.

Photoacoustic trace gas detection of OCS using a 2.45 mL Helmholtz resonator and a 4823.3 nm ICL light source.

A miniaturized photoacoustic spectroscopy-based gas sensor is proposed for the purpose of detecting sub-ppm-level carbonyl sulfide (OCS) using a tunable mid-infrared interband cascade laser (ICL) and a Helmholtz photoacoustic cell. The tuning characteristics of the tunable ICL with a center wavelength of 4823.3 nm were investigated to achieve the optimal driving parameters.

Geometry optimization of cantilever-based optical microphones.

The introduction of cantilever-based fiber-optic microphones (FOMs) has proven to be effective in acoustic sensing. Further improvements in cantilevers face two key constraints: the challenge of achieving minimal sizes with sufficient reflective area and the trade-off between sensitivity and response bandwidth. Herein, we present a geometry optimization framework for a cantilever-based FOM that addresses this issue.

Accelerometer-measured physical activity, sedentary behavior, and risk of incident pelvic organ prolapse: a prospective cohort study in the UK Biobank.

Background: Previous studies on physical activity (PA) and pelvic organ prolapse (POP) were largely limited to self-reported PA in athletes, soldiers, and women in postpartum. We aimed to investigate the association of accelerometer-measured PA and sedentary behavior with the risk of POP in middle-aged and elderly women.

Methods: In this prospective cohort derived from the UK Biobank, the intensity and duration of PA and sedentary behavior were measured with wrist-worn accelerometers over a 7-day period in 2013-2015 for 47,674 participants (aged 42.

Sensitivity-enhanced Fabry-Perot interferometric fiber-optic microphone using hollow cantilever.

Transducer components are crucial in optimizing the sensitivity of microphones. Cantilever structure is commonly used as a structural optimization technique. Here, we present a novel Fabry-Perot (F-P) interferometric fiber-optic microphone (FOM) using a hollow cantilever structure.

Effectiveness of Laparoscopic Pectopexy for Pelvic Organ Prolapse Compared with Laparoscopic Sacrocolpopexy.

Study Objective: To evaluate the clinical benefits of laparoscopic pectopexy vs laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy in women with pelvic organ prolapse (POP).

Design: Prospective cohort study.

Setting: A tertiary hospital.

Near-infrared sensitive differential Helmholtz-based hydrogen sulfide photoacoustic sensors.

A near-infrared (NIR) sub-ppm level photoacoustic sensor for hydrogen sulfide (HS) using a differential Helmholtz resonator (DHR) as the photoacoustic cell (PAC) was presented. The core detection system was composed of a NIR diode laser with a center wavelength of 1578.13 nm, an Erbium-doped optical fiber amplifier (EDFA) with an output power of ∼120 mW, and a DHR.

Intestinal segment and vitamin D concentration affect gene expression levels of calcium and phosphorus transporters in broiler chickens.

Two experiments were conducted in this research. Experiment 1 investigated the spatial expression characteristics of calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) transporters in the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum of 21-day-old broilers provided with adequate nutrient feed. Experiment 2 evaluated the effects of dietary vitamin D (VD) concentration (0, 125, 250, 500, 1,000, and 2,000 IU/kg) on growth performance, bone development, and gene expression levels of intestinal Ca and P transporters in 1-21-day-old broilers provided with the negative control diet without supplemental VD.

Effects of Compound Polysaccharides Derived from and on Growth Performance, Meat Quality and Antioxidant Function of Broilers Based on Serum Metabolomics and Cecal Microbiota.

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation of compound polysaccharides derived from and on growth performance, meat quality, antioxidant function, cecal microbiota and serum metabolomics of broilers. A total of 480 one-day-old male Arbor Acres (AA) broilers were randomly divided into four treatments with six replicates comprising 20 broilers each. Treatments: CON group was the basal diet; ANT group was supplemented with Terramycin calcium; LAG group was supplemented with 150 mg/kg polysaccharides and 75 mg/kg polysaccharides; HAG group was supplemented with 300 mg/kg polysaccharides and 150 mg/kg polysaccharides.

Polysaccharides derived from Astragalus membranaceus and Glycyrrhiza uralensis improve growth performance of broilers by enhancing intestinal health and modulating gut microbiota.

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation of polysaccharides derived from Astragalus membranaceus and Glycyrrhiza uralensis on growth performance, intestinal health, and gut microbiota composition in broilers. A total of 480 one-day-old male Arbor Acres broilers were randomly divided into 4 treatments with 6 replicates comprising 20 broilers each. Treatments included: basal diet without antibiotics (CON); basal diet supplemented with 500 mg/kg terramycin calcium (ANT); basal diet supplemented with 300 mg/kg Astragalus membranaceus polysaccharides (APS); and basal diet supplemented with 150 mg/kg Glycyrrhiza uralensis polysaccharides (GPS).

Age quadratically affects intestinal calcium and phosphorus transporter gene expression in broiler chickens.

Objective: This research aimed to evaluate the effects of age on growth, tibia development, and intestinal calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) transporter gene expressions in broiler chickens.

Methods: A total of 224 male Arbor Acres broilers were fed with nutrient-adequate diets and reared in eight cages (28 broilers per cage). Eight broilers (one broiler per cage) were selected and killed at 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, and 40 days of age, respectively.

Sensitivity enhanced NIR photoacoustic CO detection with SF promoting vibrational to translational relaxation process.

A challenge for slowly relaxing carbon monoxide (CO) molecules detection using photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS) is to promote the vibration-translation (V-T) relaxation process. Addressing this challenge, a sensitivity enhanced photoacoustic CO sensor with sulfur hexafluoride (SF) as the promotor is investigated and demonstrated. A 1568 nm near-infrared (NIR) laser diode and a customized optical amplifier are used as the excitation source to generate the photoacoustic signal.

Alleviates Enterotoxigenic K88Induced Oxidative Damage Through Regulating the p62-Keap1-Nrf2 Signaling Pathway and Remodeling the Cecal Microbial Community.

(CB) can enhance antioxidant capacity and alleviate oxidative damage, but the molecular mechanism by which this occurs remains unclear. This study used enterotoxigenic (ETEC) K88 as a pathogenic model, and the p62-Keap1-Nrf2 signaling pathway and intestinal microbiota as the starting point to explore the mechanism through which CB alleviates oxidative damage. After pretreatment with CB for 15 d, mice were challenged with ETEC K88 for 24 h.

The Impact of Berberine on Intestinal Morphology, Microbes, and Immune Function of Broilers in Response to Necrotic Enteritis Challenge.

The objective of this study was to explore the therapeutic effects of berberine on necrotic enteritis (NE) in broilers caused by . A total of 240 1-day-old Arbor Acres chicks were divided into four groups, as negative controls (NC), positive controls (PC), berberine- (BER-) treated, or lincomycin- (LMY-) treated groups. Broilers were challenged with at 15-21 days of age, followed by BER or LMY supplied in drinking water for 7 days.

FIZZ2 as a Biomarker for Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.

Purpose: Found in inflammatory zone 2 (FIZZ2) is associated with lung inflammation. The aim of the study was to investigate the expression and utility of FIZZ2 as a marker for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Methods: Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of FIZZ2 in COPD.

Degradation of zearalenone and aflatoxin B1 by Lac2 from Pleurotus pulmonarius in the presence of mediators.

The contamination of foods and feeds with mycotoxins has been an issue of global significance. For mycotoxin detoxification, enzymatic biodegradation using laccase has received much attention. In this study, a laccase gene lac2 from the fungus Pleurotus pulmonarius was expressed in the Pichia pastoris X33 yeast strain to produce recombinant proteins.

Hybridizing Niching, Particle Swarm Optimization, and Evolution Strategy for Multimodal Optimization.

Multimodal optimization problems (MMOPs) are common problems with multiple optimal solutions. In this article, a novel method of population division, called nearest-better-neighbor clustering (NBNC), is proposed, which can reduce the risk of more than one species locating the same peak. The key idea of NBNC is to construct the raw species by linking each individual to the better individual within the neighborhood, and the final species of the population is formulated by merging the dominated raw species.

MID1 and MID2 regulate cell migration and epithelial-mesenchymal transition via modulating Wnt/β-catenin signaling.

Background: The ubiquitin E3 ligase activity has been ascribed to MID1, the causative gene of X-linked OS, and its homologue, MID2. Both alpha4, the common MID protein partner, and PP2Ac in MID-alpha4-PP2Ac complexes can be ubiquitylated. Ubiquitylation of alpha4 converted its function toward PP2Ac from protective to destructive, while PP2A also affected MID protein phosphorylation and their subsequent trafficking on microtubules.

Correlation analysis of muscle amino acid deposition and gut microbiota profile of broilers reared at different ambient temperatures.

Objective: Temperature could influence protein and amino acid deposition as well as gut microbiota profile and composition. However, the specific effects of ambient temperature on amino acids deposition and gut microbiota composition remain insufficiently understood.

Methods: A total of 300 one-day-old Avian broilers were randomly divided into three groups and reared at high, medium, and low temperature (HT, MT, and LT), respectively.

Correlation between Jejunal Microbial Diversity and Muscle Fatty Acids Deposition in Broilers Reared at Different Ambient Temperatures.

Temperature, which is an important environmental factor in broiler farming, can significantly influence the deposition of fatty acids in muscle. 300 one-day-old broiler chicks were randomly divided into three groups and reared at high, medium and low temperatures (HJ, MJ and LJ), respectively. Breast muscle and jejunal chyme samples were collected and subjected to analyses of fatty acid composition and 16S rRNA gene sequencing.

Sensitive and ultrasmall sample volume gas sensor based on a sealed slot waveguide.

Taking advantage of the near-infrared (IR) absorption characteristics of gases, a sensor with an ultrasmall sample volume composed of a sealed slot waveguide and based on evanescent field absorption is proposed in this paper. Compared with a traditional open-slot waveguide, it features small volume antiparticles depositing pollution over the long-term and is insensitive to surroundings. Working at 1645 nm, a large evanescent field ratio of 0.

Ginsenoside metabolite compound K induces apoptosis and autophagy in non-small cell lung cancer cells via AMPK-mTOR and JNK pathways.

Compound K [C-K; 20--(β-d-glucopyranosyl)-20()-protopanaxadiol], as a metabolite of ginsenoside, has been verified to have antitumor effects in various cancers, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the detailed mechanisms of C-K in NSCLC remain largely unknown. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effect of C-K on apoptosis and autophagy in NSCLC cells as well as its related mechanisms.

On-chip integratable all-optical quantizer using cascaded step-size MMI.

We propose a novel all-optical phase shifted quantizer using cascade step-size MMI. The operation principle has been derived in detail. A 3-bit quantizer and a 5-bit quantizer are designed and simulated based on 220-nm SOI platform to verify the feasibility of the scheme, of which the lengths are all below 200 μm.