Spatial and Temporal Changes of Sand Mining in the Yangtze River Basin since the Establishment of the Three Gorges Dam.

The global demand for sand and gravel is at 50 billion tons per year, far exceeding global resource capacities. It reached 7.6 billion tons in 2021 in the Yangtze River Basin (YRB), China.

Pickering Emulsions Stabilized by Lignin/Chitosan Nanoparticles for Biphasic Enzyme Catalysis.

In this study, we construct a green and high-performance platform using Pickering emulsions for biphasic catalysis. The oil-in-water Pickering emulsions stabilized by the lignin/chitosan nanoparticles (Lig/Chi NPs) have great stability and alkali resistance, showing pH-responsive reversible emulsification and demulsification which can be recycled at least three times. The Pickering emulsion also has fluorescence and wide availability to different oil-to-water volume ratios, types of oil, storage times, temperatures, and ion concentrations.

Novel compound heterozygous gene mutation in a twin with lissencephaly: A case report.

Background: Lissencephaly (LIS) is a malformation of cortical development with broad gyri, shallow sulci and thickened cortex characterized by developmental delays and seizures. Currently, 20 genes have been implicated in LIS. However, related LIS has never been reported.

The synthesis and bioactivity of pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives as tyrosine kinase inhibitors for NSCLC cells with EGFR mutations.

EGFR mutations are an ongoing challenge in the treatment of NSCLC, and demand continuous updating of EGFR TKI drug candidates. Pyrrolopyrimidines are one group of versatile scaffolds suitable for tailored drug development. However not many precedents of this type of pharmacophore have been investigated in the realm of third generation of covalent EGFR-TKIs.

Microfluidic Synthesis of Lignin/Chitosan Nanoparticles for the pH-Responsive Delivery of Anticancer Drugs.

In this work, lignin/chitosan nanoparticles (Lig/Chi NPs) with controlled structures were synthesized in a simple and scalable microfluidic system. When the positively charged chitosan and the negatively charged lignin solution were blended in a microreactor, Lig/Chi NPs were rapidly formed via the electrostatic coassembly between the amino groups of chitosan and the carboxyl groups of lignin. The ζ potential changes from negative (-13 mV) to positive (+54.

The α-D-anomer of 2'-deoxycytidine: crystal structure, nucleoside conformation and Hirshfeld surface analysis.

β-2'-Deoxyribonucleosides are the constituents of nucleic acids, whereas their anomeric α-analogues are rarely found in nature. Moreover, not much information is available on the structural and conformational parameters of α-2'-deoxyribonucleosides. This study reports on the single-crystal X-ray structure of α-2'-deoxycytidine, CHNO (1), and the conformational parameters characterizing 1 were determined.

Heterochiral DNA with Complementary Strands with α-d and β-d Configurations: Hydrogen-Bonded and Silver-Mediated Base Pairs with Impact of 7-Deazapurines Replacing Purines.

Heterochiral DNA with hydrogen-bonded and silver-mediated base pairs have been constructed using complementary strands with nucleosides with α-d or β-d configuration. Anomeric phosphoramidites were employed to assemble the oligonucleotides. According to the T values and thermodynamic data, the duplex stability of the heterochiral duplexes was similar to that of homochiral DNA, but mismatch discrimination was better in heterochiral DNA.

Silver-Mediated Homochiral and Heterochiral α-dC/β-dC Base Pairs: Synthesis of α-dC through Glycosylation and Impact of Consecutive, Isolated, and Multiple Metal Ion Pairs on DNA Stability.

Isolated and consecutive heterochiral α-dC- base pairs have been incorporated into 12-mer oligonucleotide duplexes at various positions, thereby replacing Watson-Crick pairs. To this end, a new synthesis of the α-d anomer of dC has been developed, and oligonucleotides containing α-dC residues have been synthesized. Silver-mediated base pairs were formed upon the addition of silver ions.

Preparation and physical/chemical modification of galactomannan film for food packaging.

The physical (UV irradiation) and chemical (glutaraldehyde) modification of galactomannan (GMP) film was successfully prepared in this study. The data indicated that the UV irradiation with increasing dosage of photo-initiator could gradually consume the free hydroxyl groups in GMP to form the crosslinked networks, reducing the hydrophilic property and water vapor permeability of the modified film. The tensile strength of the obtained film with 20% sodium benzoate addition achieved 2.

Acyclic Janus-AT Nucleoside Host Channels Precisely Lock Water into Single-File Wires with Local Rotational Flexibility.

Confining polar water molecules to particular geometries demands sophisticated intermolecular interactions, and not many small synthetic molecules have accomplished such a task. Herein, regioisomeric acyclic Janus-AT nucleosides (1 and 2), with a self-complementary fused genetic alphabet and conformationally flexible side chains, have been selectively synthesized. 1 and 2 adopt disparate base-pair motifs from the π-π stacked hydrophobic base moieties and distinct hydrogen bond (HB) interconnections from the hydrophilic sugar residues, which in turn lead to divergent, intricate intermolecular interaction networks with different capacities to confine water molecules.

Supermacrocyclic Assemblies by Hydrogen-Bond Codes of C7-Phenol Pyrazolo and Pyrrolo Derivatives of Adenine.

Hydrogen bond (HB) mediated base pair motifs are versatile scaffolds of diverse supramolecular constructs. Here, we report that two new four- and six-membered supermacrocyclic assemblies with intriguing geometries could self-assemble from two new adenine derivatives, APN (1) and APC (2). The conversion of a conventional HB acceptor, N8 of 1, to a non-conventional HB donor, C8-H of 2, had a pronounced impact on the overall intricate HB network and self-assembly patterns, epitomizing the subtleties in design and exploitation of such base-pair motifs as promising tectons for building supramolecular architectures.

Salicylic acid retention impairs aspirin reactivity in type 2 diabetes.

High on-aspirin platelet reactivity (HAPR) has been associated with compromised aspirin efficacy in patients with diabetes suffering from acute cardiovascular events, but the key mechanisms remain elusive. The objective of this study was to uncover the potential link between pathogenic accumulation of salicylic acid (SA), the major metabolite of aspirin, and HAPR in diabetic state. Aspirin failed to inhibit platelet CD62P expression and thromboxane (TX) B/6-keto-prostaglandin（PG）F ratio in a type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) mice model, particularly in the female, which were unanimously accompanied by significantly higher plasma SA concentrations.

Glycyrrhizin Protects against Acetaminophen-Induced Acute Liver Injury via Alleviating Tumor Necrosis Factor α-Mediated Apoptosis.

Acetaminophen (APAP) overdose is the leading cause of drug-induced acute liver failure in Western countries. Glycyrrhizin (GL), a potent hepatoprotective constituent extracted from the traditional Chinese medicine liquorice, has potential clinical use in treating APAP-induced liver failure. The present study determined the hepatoprotective effects and underlying mechanisms of action of GL and its active metabolite glycyrrhetinic acid (GA).

Assessing Major Accident Risks to Support Land-Use Planning Using a Severity-Vulnerability Combination Method: A Case Study in Dagushan Peninsula, China.

Major accident risks posed by chemical hazards have raised major social concerns in today's China. Land-use planning has been adopted by many countries as one of the essential elements for accident prevention. This article aims at proposing a method to assess major accident risks to support land-use planning in the vicinity of chemical installations.