Imaging analytical technique to assess gastrointestinal motility in vivo using zebrafish larvae with diabetes mellitus-like traits.

In diabetes mellitus (DM), the prevalence of gastrointestinal (GI) complications, including constipation, diarrhoea, gastroparesis, and/or enteropathy, can be up to ~75%. In this study, we compared three zebrafish larvae models of DM and established an analytical protocol for GI motility. Larvae were fed with either a standard diet (SD; control), or one of three diets to induce a DM-like phenotype: excessive feeding of SD food (ED), a high-fat diet (HFD), or exposing SD-fed larvae to 30 mmol/L glucose (SDG).

Near-infrared light-activated ROS generation using semiconducting polymer nanocatalysts for photodynamic-chemodynamic therapy.

Chemodynamic therapy (CDT) is an emerging treatment strategy for cancer, but the low therapeutic efficacy and potential side effects still limit its applications. In this study, we report a semiconducting polymer nanocatalyst (PGFe) that can generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) only upon near-infrared (NIR) light-activation for photodynamic therapy (PDT)-synergized CDT. Such PGFe consists of a semiconducting polymer as a photosensitizer, iron oxide (FeO) nanoparticles as CDT agents, and glucose oxidase (GOx), all of which are loaded into a singlet oxygen (O)-responsive nanocarrier.

Regional differences of tachykinin effects on smooth muscle and pacemaker potentials of the stomach, duodenum, ileum and colon of an emetic model, the house musk shrews.

Background And Aims: The contractile effects of tachykinins on the gastrointestinal tract are well-known, but how they modulate slow-waves, particularly in species capable of emesis, remains largely unknown. We aimed to elucidate the effects of tachykinins on myoelectric and contractile activity of isolated gastrointestinal tissues of the Suncus murinus.

Methods: The effects of substance P (SP), neurokinin (NK)A, NKB and selective NK (CP122,721, CP99,994), NK (SR48,968, GR159,897) and NK (SB218,795, SB222,200) receptor antagonists on isolated stomach, duodenum, ileum and colon segments were studied.

Tuning Hybridized Local and Charge-Transfer Mixing for Efficient Hot-Exciton Emission with Improved Color Purity.

Delayed fluorescence (DF) emitters with high color purity are of high interest for applications in high-resolution displays. However, the charge transfer required by high emitting efficiency usually conflicts with the expected color purity. In this work, we investigated the S/S conformational relaxation, spin-orbital coupling (SOC), and vibronic coupling of hot-exciton emitters while hybrid local and charge transfer (HLCT) state tuning was achieved by a structural -effect.

[The effects of anabolic-androgenic steroids on behavioral, cognitive functions and nervous systems of adolescents].

Anabolic-androgenic steroid (AAS) is responsible for muscle building and masculinizing. Using AAS can enhance muscle development and strength, and improve athletic performance. AAS abuse is not only seen in sport.