Extracellular vesicles of Clonorchis sinensis promote the malignant phenotypes of cholangiocarcinoma via NF-κB/EMT axis.

Clonorchis sinensis infection is an important risk factor for cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). It has been reported that extracellular vesicles (EVs) are involved in the parasite-host interaction, and EVs of C. sinensis (CsEVs) can contribute to biliary injuries and inflammation.

Clonorchis sinensis granulin promotes malignant transformation of human intrahepatic biliary epithelial cells through interaction with M2 macrophages via regulation of STAT3 phosphorylation and the MEK/ERK pathway.

Background: Clonorchis sinensis granulin (CsGRN), a component of the excretory/secretory products of this species, is a multifunctional growth factor that can promote the metastasis of cholangiocarcinoma cells. However, the effect of CsGRN on human intrahepatic biliary epithelial cells (HIBECs) is unclear. Here, we investigated the effect of CsGRN on the malignant transformation of HIBECs and its possible underlying mechanism.

Albendazole-induced autophagy blockade contributes to elevated apoptosis in cholangiocarcinoma cells through AMPK/mTOR activation.

Albendazole (ABZ) is a broad-spectrum anti-parasitic drug that exhibits antitumor effects against several carcinomas. The effects of ABZ on cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) and its underlying mechanisms are still unclear. Our study aims to investigate the role of ABZ in inducing autophagy-mediated apoptosis of cholangiocarcinoma cells.

Predicting Current Potential Distribution and the Range Dynamics of in China under Global Climate Change.

is one of the 100 worst invasive alien species in the world, which has significant effects and harm to native species, ecological environment, human health, and social economy. Climate change is one of the major causes of species range shifts. With recent climate change, the distribution of has shifted northward.

Granulin Promotes Malignant Transformation of Hepatocyte Through EGFR-Mediated RAS/MAPK/ERK and PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathways.

The biological functions of growth factor, such as granulins, have been explored in parasites, and we elucidated that granulin (GRN) promoted the metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma in our previous study. However, it is still unclear for the malignant transformation role of GRN in normal human hepatocytes. In this study, by transfecting pEGFP-C1-GRN eukaryotic expression plasmid, a cell line with stable overexpression of GRN in normal hepatocyte (LO2-GRN cells) was constructed.

The NF-κB signalling pathway and TM7SF3 contribute to liver fibrosis caused by secreted phospholipase A2 of Clonorchis sinensis.

Background: The NF-κB signalling pathway has been reported to be related to liver fibrosis, and we investigated whether the NF-κB signalling pathway is involved in liver fibrosis caused by secreted phospholipase A2 of Clonorchis sinensis (CssPLA2). Furthermore, expression of the receptor of CssPLA2 on the cell surface of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) may greatly contribute to liver fibrosis.

Methods: CssPLA2 was administered to BALB/c mice by abdominal injection.