2D Nanomaterials Reinforced Organic Coatings for Marine Corrosion Protection: State of the Art, Challenges, and Future Prospectives.

2D nanomaterials, with extraordinary physical and chemical characteristics, have long been regarded as promising nanofillers in organic coatings for marine corrosion protection. The past decade has witnessed the high-speed progress of 2D nanomaterial-reinforced organic composite coatings, and plenty of breakthroughs have been achieved as yet. This review covers an in-depth and all-around outline of the up-to-date advances in 2D nanomaterial-modified organic coatings employed for the marine corrosion protection realm.

ε4 allele status modulates the spatial patterns of progressive atrophy in the temporal lobes after mild traumatic brain injury.

Introduction: We evaluated how the apolipoprotein E () ε4 allele modulated the spatial patterns of longitudinal atrophy in the Alzheimer's disease-vulnerable brain areas of patients with mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) from the acute to chronic phase post injury.

Methods: Fifty-nine adult patients with acute mTBI and 48 healthy controls with ε4 allele testing underwent T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging and neuropsychological assessments with 6 to 12 months of follow-up. Progressive brain volume loss was compared voxel-wise in the temporal lobes.

Accelerated Brain Aging in Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: Longitudinal Pattern Recognition with White Matter Integrity.

Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) initiating long-term effects on white matter integrity resembles brain-aging changes, implying an aging process accelerated by mTBI. This longitudinal study aims to investigate the mTBI-induced acceleration of the brain-aging process by developing a neuroimaging model to predict brain age. The brain-age prediction model was defined using relevance vector regression based on fractional anisotropy from diffusion tensor imaging of 523 healthy individuals.

Serum Neuron-Specific Enolase Levels Associated with Connectivity Alterations in Anterior Default Mode Network after Mild Traumatic Brain Injury.

Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is the most prevalent neurological insult and leads to long-lasting cognitive impairment. Neuroimaging studies have discovered abnormalities in brain network connectivity following mTBI as the underlying neural basis of cognitive deficits. However, the pathophysiologic mechanisms involved in imaging alterations remain elusive.

Decoupling of Structural and Functional Connectivity in Hubs and Cognitive Impairment After Mild Traumatic Brain Injury.

Mild traumatic brain injury (mild TBI) exhibited abnormal brain network topologies associated with cognitive dysfunction. However, it was still unclear which aspects of network organization were critical underlying the key pathology of mild TBI. Here, a multi-imaging strategy was applied to capture dynamic topological features of both structural and functional connectivity networks (SCNs and FCNs), to provide more sensitive detection of altered FCN from its anatomical backbone and identify novel biomarkers of mild TBI outcomes.

Mild traumatic brain injury is associated with effect of inflammation on structural changes of default mode network in those developing chronic pain.

Background: Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) has a higher prevalence (more than 50%) of developing chronic posttraumatic headache (CPTH) compared with moderate or severe TBI. However, the underlying neural mechanism for CPTH remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the inflammation level and cortical volume changes in patients with acute PTH (APTH) and further examine their potential in identifying patients who finally developed CPTH at follow-up.

Elevated Serum Levels of Inflammation-Related Cytokines in Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Are Associated With Cognitive Performance.

Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is the most common neurological insult and leads to long-lasting cognitive impairments. The immune system modulates brain functions and plays a key role in cognitive deficits, however, the relationship between TBI-induced changes in inflammation-related cytokine levels and cognitive consequences is unclear. This was investigated in the present study in two cohorts of individuals within 1 week of mTBI ( = 52, = 43) and 54 matched healthy control subjects.

Single Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Deteriorates Progressive Interhemispheric Functional and Structural Connectivity.

The present study examined dynamic interhemispheric structural and functional connectivity in mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) patients with longitudinal observations from early subacute to chronic stages within 1 year of injury. Forty-two mTBI patients and 42 matched healthy controls underwent clinical and neuropsychological evaluations, diffusion tensor imaging, and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. All mTBI patients were initially evaluated within 14 d post-injury (T-1) and at 3 months (T-2) and 6-12 months (T-3) follow-ups.

Disruption of periaqueductal grey-default mode network functional connectivity predicts persistent post-traumatic headache in mild traumatic brain injury.

Objective: Post-traumatic headache (PTH) is one of the most frequent and persistent physical symptoms following mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) and develop in more than 50% of this population. This study aimed to investigate the periaqueductal grey (PAG)-seeded functional connectivity (FC) in patients with mTBI with acute post-traumatic headache (APTH) and further examine whether the FC can be used as a neural biomarker to identify patients developing chronic pain 3 months postinjury.

Methods: 70 patients with mTBI underwent neuropsychological measurements and MRI scans within 7 days postinjury and 56 (80%) of patients were followed up at 3 months.

Properties and dissemination of H5N1 viruses isolated during an influenza outbreak in migratory waterfowl in western China.

H5N1 influenza A viruses are widely distributed among poultry in Asia, but until recently, only a limited number of wild birds were affected. During late April through June 2005, an outbreak of H5N1 virus infection occurred among wild birds at Qinghai Lake in China. Here, we describe the features of this outbreak.