Exceptional heatwaves and mortality in Europe: Greater impacts since the coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak.

Record-breaking hot weather (exceptional heatwaves) has been increasingly common worldwide, posing a significant threat to human health. However, little is known about the effect of these exceptional heatwaves on mortality in Europe, especially since the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak, which converges with climate change to affect healthcare systems and human lives. We collected mortality data of 967 regions in 30 European countries over the last decade (2014-2023) from the Eurostat.

Impact of hot and cold nights on pneumonia hospitalisations in children under five years: Evidence from low-, middle-, and high-income countries.

Background: Studies have shown that abnormal temperature at night is a risk factor for respiratory health. However, there is limited evidence on the impact of hot and cold nights on cause-specific diseases such as pneumonia, which is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in children.

Methods: We collected daily data on pneumonia hospitalisations in children under five years from 2011 to 2017 in three low-, middle- and high-income countries (Bangladesh, China, and Australia).

Ambient temperature and the risk of childhood epilepsy hospitalizations: Potentially neglected risk of temperature extremes and modifying effects of air pollution.

Purpose: Extreme temperatures and air pollution are increasingly important risk factors for human health in the background of climate change, with limited evidence available for neurological disorders. This study intended to investigate the short-term effects of extreme temperatures on childhood epilepsy and explore the potential modifying effect of air pollution.

Methods: Daily childhood epilepsy hospitalization, meteorological and air pollution data were collected from 10 cities in Anhui Province of China during 2016-2018.

Association between Triglyceride-Glucose Index and risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in adults with prior cardiovascular disease: a cohort study using data from the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2007-2018.

Objective: The association between the Triglyceride-Glucose (TyG) Index and mortality rates in patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains unclear. This study investigates the association between the TyG index and the incidence of all-cause and CVD-specific mortality among individuals with a history of CVD.

Design: Population-based cohort study.

Impaired thyroid hormone sensitivity exacerbates the effect of PM and its components on dyslipidemia in schizophrenia.

Background: Dyslipidemia in schizophrenia causes a serious loss of healthy life expectancy, making it imperative to explore key environmental risk factors. We aimed to assess the effect of PM and its constituents on dyslipidemia in schizophrenia, identify the critical hazardous components, and investigate the role of impaired thyroid hormones (THs) sensitivity in this association.

Methods: We collected disease data on schizophrenia from the Anhui Mental Health Center from 2019 to 2022.

Characterization of the intestinal microbiota in MSM with HIV infection.

Background: HIV-infected persons demonstrate notable disturbances in their intestinal microbiota; however, the impact of intestinal microbiota on HIV susceptibility in men who have sex with men (MSM), as well as the effects of HIV and antiretroviral therapy (ART) on their gut microbiota, remains under active study. Thus, our research focuses on clarifying the distinctions in intestinal microbiota composition among uninfected MSM and non-MSM healthy controls, investigating the alterations in early-stage intestinal microbial communities following HIV infection, and assessing how ART affects the intestinal microbiota.

Methods: This study enrolled four participant groups: uninfected MSM, Recent HIV-1 infection (RHI) MSM, MSM on ART, and non-MSM healthy controls, with 30 individuals in each group.

Does the morphology of residential greenspaces contribute to the development of a cardiovascular-healthy city?

Backgrounds: Greenspaces are indispensable for the construction of a healthy city. Research has shown that greenspaces contribute to the reduction of cardiovascular risks. However, the role of greenspace morphology in the development of a healthy city is not well understood.

Associations of phthalates with accelerated aging and the mitigating role of physical activity.

Phthalates are positioned as potential risk factors for health-related diseases. However, the effects of exposure to phthalates on accelerated aging and the potential modifications of physical activity remain unclear. A total of 2317 participants containing complete study-related information from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007-2010 were included in the current study.

Temporal trends in the prevalence and death of ischemic heart disease in women of childbearing age from 1990 to 2019: a multilevel analysis based on the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019.

Background: Our objective is to describe the current prevalence and death of ischemic heart disease (IHD) in women of childbearing age (WCBA) at the global, regional, and national levels and to analyze its temporal trends from 1990 to 2019.

Methods: WCBA was defined as women aged 15-49 years. Estimates and 95% Uncertainty Intervals (UI) of IHD prevalence and death numbers for seven age groups were extracted from the 2019 Global Burden of Disease Study.

Transnational inequities in cardiovascular diseases from 1990 to 2019: exploration based on the global burden of disease study 2019.

Background: To describe the burden and examine transnational inequities in overall cardiovascular disease (CVD) and ten specific CVDs across different levels of societal development.

Methods: Estimates of disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for each disease and their 95% uncertainty intervals (UI) were extracted from the Global Burden of Diseases (GBD). Inequalities in the distribution of CVD burdens were quantified using two standard metrics recommended absolute and relative inequalities by the World Health Organization (WHO), including the Slope Index of Inequality (SII) and the relative concentration Index.

Lipopolysaccharide binding protein resists hepatic oxidative stress by regulating lipid droplet homeostasis.

Oxidative stress-induced lipid accumulation is mediated by lipid droplets (LDs) homeostasis, which sequester vulnerable unsaturated triglycerides into LDs to prevent further peroxidation. Here we identify the upregulation of lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP) and its trafficking through LDs as a mechanism for modulating LD homeostasis in response to oxidative stress. Our results suggest that LBP induces lipid accumulation by controlling lipid-redox homeostasis through its lipid-capture activity, sorting unsaturated triglycerides into LDs.

Global, regional and national temporal trends in prevalence for cardiovascular diseases in women of childbearing age, from 1990 to 2019: An age-period-cohort analysis.

Background: Epidemiological studies on cardiovascular diseases (CVD) among women of childbearing age (WCBA) remain scarce. Our research aims to delineate the prevalence trends of CVD within this population over the past three decades, considering age, period, and birth cohort dynamics.

Methods: Estimates of CVD prevalence for WCBA, along with their 95% uncertainty intervals (UI), were extracted from the Global Burden of Diseases 2019 ().

Effects of alcohol on the composition and metabolism of the intestinal microbiota among people with HIV: A cross-sectional study.

Objectives: Alcohol consumption is not uncommon among people with HIV (PWH) and may exacerbate HIV-induced intestinal damage, and further lead to dysbiosis and increased intestinal permeability. This study aimed to determine the changes in the fecal microbiota and its association with alcohol consumption in HIV-infected patients.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted between November 2021 and May 2022, and 93 participants were recruited.

The Association of Preoperative Diabetes With Postoperative Delirium in Older Patients Undergoing Major Orthopedic Surgery: A Prospective Matched Cohort Study.

Background: Postoperative delirium (POD) is a common form of postoperative brain dysfunction, especially in the elderly. However, its risk factors remain largely to be determined. This study aimed to investigate whether (1) preoperative diabetes is associated with POD after elective orthopedic surgery and (2) intraoperative frontal alpha power is a mediator of the association between preoperative diabetes and POD.

The prevalence and factors of willingness to accept circumcision among MSM in Maanshan City, China.

To investigate the prevalence of male circumcision and the willingness to undergo male circumcision and influencing factors among MSM in Maanshan City, we conducted a cross-sectional study from June 2016 to December 2019. Respondent-driven sampling (RDS) was used to recruit participants. Influential factors of willingness to accept circumcision were identified by a multivariable logistic regression model.

Global, regional, and national burdens of hypertensive heart disease from 1990 to 2019 ：A multilevel analysis based on the global burden of Disease Study 2019.

Aim: This study aimed to describe the prevalence, deaths, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) of hypertensive heart disease (HHD) at the global, regional, and national levels and analyze epidemiological trends.

Method: We extracted global estimates of prevalence, deaths, and DALYs related to HHD in 204 countries and regions from the 2019 Global Burden of Diseases Study. Average annual percent change (AAPC) was calculated to represent temporal trends.

Metabolomic profiles, polygenic risk scores and risk of rheumatoid arthritis: a population-based cohort study in the UK Biobank.

Objective: To investigate the relationship between metabolomic profiles, genome-wide polygenic risk scores (PRSs) and risk of rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Methods: 143 nuclear magnetic resonance-based plasma metabolic biomarkers were measured among 93 800 participants in the UK Biobank. The Cox regression model was used to assess the associations between these metabolic biomarkers and RA risk, and genetic correlation and Mendelian randomisation analyses were performed to reveal their causal relationships.

The 2022 Summer record-breaking heatwave and health information-seeking behaviours: an infodemiology study in Mainland China.

Introduction: Heatwave is a major global health concern. Many countries including China suffered a record-breaking heatwave during the summer of 2022, which may have a significant effect on population health or health information-seeking behaviours but is yet to be examined.

Methods: We derived health information-seeking data from the Baidu search engine (similar to Google search engine).

Survival times of HIV/AIDS in different AIDS Diagnostic and Treatment Guidelines from 2006 to 2020 in Liuzhou, China.

Background: To compare the survival rates of four timing of treatment initiation for people living with HIV/AIDS provided in China in 2006, 2011, 2015, and 2018, and to investigate the factors impacting survival time.

Methods: A people living with HIV/AIDS retrospective cohort study was in Liuzhou City from April 2006 to December 2020. The information was obtained from the National Comprehensive AIDS Prevention and Control Information System.

Global Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease burden attributable to air pollution from 1990 to 2019.

Background: The disease burden attributable to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is significant worldwide. Some studies have linked exposure to air pollution to COPD, but there has been little research on this.

Methods: We aimed to assess the COPD-related disease burden attributable to air pollution from multiple epidemiological perspectives.

HIV associated factors among men who have sex with men in Maanshan, China: a cross-sectional study.

Background: This study conducted a survey of men who have sex with men (MSM) in Maanshan City of Anhui Province to assess the risk behaviors related to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted from June 2016 to June 2019. The MSM were recruited by a peer-driven sampling method.

Attitudes and demands on medical statistical education during the COVID-19 pandemic among undergraduates-postgraduates-teachers: A cross-sectional study in eastern China.

Global coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic leads to the soaring demand for medical statistical applications, bringing a great challenge to medical education at universities worldwide. The purpose of our study is to investigate medical students and teachers attitudes and demands on statistical software education. A multi-city cross-sectional study was conducted in 2021 at medical universities in eastern China.

Compound-42 alleviates acute kidney injury by targeting RIPK3-mediated necroptosis.

Background And Purpose: Necroptosis plays an essential role in acute kidney injury and is mediated by receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 (RIPK1), receptor-interacting protein kinase 3 (RIPK3), and mixed lineage kinase domain-like pseudokinase (MLKL). A novel RIPK3 inhibitor, compound 42 (Cpd-42) alleviates the systemic inflammatory response. The current study was designed to investigate whether Cpd-42 exhibits protective effects on acute kidney injury and reveal the underlying mechanisms.