Butorphanol reduces the neuronal inflammatory response and apoptosis via inhibition of p38/JNK/ATF2/p53 signaling.

Neuronal cell apoptosis is a complex pathophysiological change that occurs following spinal cord injury (SCI) and affects self-repair. Therefore, preventing neuronal cell apoptosis can promote the recovery of nerve function. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of butorphanol on neuronal inflammatory response and apoptosis.

MEF2D Participates in Microglia-Mediated Neuroprotection in Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Rats.

Objective: Microglial activation is a vital process in the neuroinflammatory response induced by I/R injury. It has been reported that myocyte enhancer factor (MEF)2D expression in activated microglia is associated with microglia-induced inflammatory responses and plays an important role in neuronal survival. This research aimed to investigate the role and mechanism of MEF2D in microglial activation and neuroinflammation in cerebral I/R in vitro and in vivo.

An artificial photosynthetic model based on a molecular triad of boron dipyrromethene and phthalocyanine.

A boron dipyrromethene (BDP) unit and its monostyryl derivative (MSBDP) were introduced at the axial positions of a silicon(iv) phthalocyanine (SiPc) core. The absorption spectrum of this compound virtually covered the entire visible region (300-700 nm) and could be interpreted as a superposition of the spectra of individual components. The intramolecular photoinduced energy and charge transfer processes of this triad were studied using steady-state and time-resolved spectroscopic methods in polar and nonpolar solvents.

Photoinduced energy and charge transfer in a p-phenylene-linked dyad of boron dipyrromethene and monostyryl boron dipyrromethene.

Boron dipyrromethenes (BDPs) are excellent building blocks for design of artificial light harvesting and charge separation systems. In the present work, we report the results of photophysical studies of a novel dyad, in which a BDP and a mono-styryl BDP (MSBDP) are covalently linked to each other at the meso-position via a p-phenylene unit. It was found that the photophysical properties of the dyad dissolved in polar as well as nonpolar solvents are strongly affected by two different types of interactions between the BDP and MSBDP parts, namely excitation energy transfer and photoinduced electron transfer.

A boron dipyrromethene-phthalocyanine pentad as an artificial photosynthetic model.

A silicon(IV) phthalocyanine with two axial p-phenylene-linked boron dipyrromethene and monostyryl boron dipyrromethene moieties has been prepared. The resulting pentad absorbs strongly in most of the UV-visible region and serves as an artificial photosynthetic antenna-reaction centre model.