Inhalation of itraconazole mitigates bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis via regulating SPP1 and C3 signaling pathway pivotal in the interaction between phagocytic macrophages and diseased fibroblasts.

Background: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) stands as a significant contributor to global mortality rates. Presently, there exists a dearth of effective anti-fibrotic treatments for this condition. While itraconazole (ITR) has exhibited potential in mitigating pulmonary fibrosis, its oral administration is hampered by unfavorable pharmacokinetics, which elevate the risk of adverse reactions, thus limiting its clinical utility.

Pediatric plastic bronchitis associated with smoke inhalation and influenza A: case report and literature review.

Plastic bronchitis is a relatively uncommon illness that has been reported in all age groups. This case report describes a specific manifestation of plastic bronchitis in two pediatric brothers influenced by both smoke inhalation and influenza A virus infection. The therapeutic approach mainly involved symptomatic supportive care, antiviral therapy, repeated bronchoscopic alveolar lavage, and bronchial cast removal.

Molecular Epidemiology of Human Parainfluenza Virus Type 3 in Children With Acute Respiratory Tract Infection in Hangzhou.

Background: Since the outbreak of COVID-19, China has undertaken a variety of preventative and control measures, effectively reducing the incidence of numerous infectious diseases among the pediatric population in Hangzhou. We aim to investigate the genetic and epidemiological characteristics of Human parainfluenza virus-3 (HPIV-3) in pediatric patients during this period.

Methods: A total of 1442 pharyngeal swab samples were collected from outpatients and inpatients with a diagnosis of acute respiratory tract infections (ARTIs) from November 2020 to March 2021.

Identification of mycoplasma pneumonia in children based on fusion of multi-modal clinical free-text description and structured test data.

Mycoplasma pneumonia may lead to hospitalizations and pose life-threatening risks in children. The automated identification of mycoplasma pneumonia from electronic medical records holds significant potential for improving the efficiency of hospital resource allocation. In this study, we proposed a novel method for identifying mycoplasma pneumonia by integrating multi-modal features derived from both free-text descriptions and structured test data in electronic medical records.

Characteristics and Outcomes of Mycoplasma Pneumoniae Pneumonia Associated with Pulmonary Embolism and Necrotizing Pneumonia in Children.

Purpose: To explore the clinical characteristics, treatment, and long-term prognosis of mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP) combined with pulmonary embolism (PE) in children.

Patients And Methods: The medical records of 16 children who were diagnosed with MPP associated with PE between January 2016 and January 2023 at Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine were retrospectively reviewed.

Results: The average age patients were 8.

Cryptococcosis with pulmonary cavitation in an immunocompetent child: a case report and literature review.

Background: Pulmonary cryptococcosis (PC) rarely occurs in immunocompetent children.

Case Presentation: A 13-year-old boy was admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University in February 2023 with complaints of cough and chest pain. Physical examination showed slightly moist rales in the right lung.

A missed foreign body aspiration masquerading as congenital pulmonary airway malformation in a nine-year-old boy: A case report and literature review.

Although airway foreign body aspiration (FBA) is a common occurrence in any age group, unrecognized and retained foreign bodies in lungs may result in severe complications, such as lung abscess or bronchiectasis. In rare cases, FBA may present with similar clinical features as many other diseases (e.g.

Clinical features of infection in children: a case series study.

Introduction: is an opportunistic pathogen associated with prolonged hospital stays and high mortality rates in adults. However, little is currently known about the clinical features of infection in children.

Methods: This retrospective case series study included 40 children diagnosed with , confirmed through bacterial cultures or high-throughput sequencing.

An unusual presentation of necrotizing pneumonia caused by foreign body retention in a 20-month-old child: A case report and literature review.

Necrotizing pneumonia (NP) is a rare but serious complication that occurs after foreign body retention. We report a case of severe NP in an infant caused by foreign body retention in the airway with no choking history. After a timely tracheoscopy and effective antibiotic treatment, her initial clinical symptoms were alleviated.

Successful management of tracheal lobular capillary hemangioma with arterial embolization followed by electrosurgical snaring flexible bronchoscopy in an 11-year-old boy: A case report and literature review.

Lobular capillary hemangioma (LCH), previously known as pyogenic granuloma, is a benign vascular lesion commonly found within the oral and nasal cavities. However, it is rarely encountered within the trachea, especially in pediatric patients, where it manifests as hemoptysis, cough, and wheeze, and is frequently misdiagnosed as bronchitis or asthma. There is limited literature on the presentation, behavior, and management of tracheal LCH.

Causal relationship between outdoor atmospheric quality and pediatric asthma visits in hangzhou.

Many air pollutants and climate variables have proven to be significantly associated with pediatric asthma and have worsened asthma symptoms. However, their exact causal effects remain unclear. We explored the causality between air pollutants, climate, and daily pediatric asthma patient visits with a short-term lag effect.

Case report: Primary alveolar soft-part sarcoma of the lung in a child.

Alveolar soft-part sarcoma involving the lung is mostly metastatic in nature, while primary alveolar soft-part sarcoma involving the lung occurs more rarely. Herein, we report a rare case of a patient with primary alveolar soft-part sarcoma of the lung, which may represent the earliest onset of this condition reported thus far. In this patient, surgery was performed to excise the lesion to the greatest extent possible, and the combination of surgery with chemoradiotherapy and an antiangiogenic agent may provide an important reference for the development of standard or first-line treatment for such pediatric patients.

Effects of subcutaneous immunotherapy in allergic rhinitis children sensitive to dust mites.

Background: Subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) is now the only treatment that can modify the natural course of allergic rhinitis (AR). However, not all children with AR benefit from SCIT.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of SCIT in dust-mites-induced AR children and explore correlative factors predicting treatment response to SCIT.

Pharmacokinetics and Tissue Distribution of Nasal Spray of a Novel Muscarinic Receptor Blocker, 101BHG-D01, in Dogs and Rats.

Background: 101BHG-D01 is a novel selective anti-muscarinic (M) 3 receptor-blocking drug. 101BHGD01 nasal spray is intended to be used to relieve sneezing and runny nose symptoms caused by allergic rhinitis.

Methods: In this study, we examined the plasma pharmacokinetics, tissue distribution, and major excretion mode of 101BHG-D01 in Beagle dogs and rats following nasal spray and intranasal administration, respectively, using HPLCMS/ MS.

Single-cell transcriptomic characterization reveals the landscape of airway remodeling and inflammation in a cynomolgus monkey model of asthma.

Monkey disease models, which are comparable to humans in terms of genetic, anatomical, and physiological characteristics, are important for understanding disease mechanisms and evaluating the efficiency of biological treatments. Here, we established an -induced model of asthma in cynomolgus monkeys to profile airway inflammation and remodeling in the lungs by single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq). The asthma model results in airway hyperresponsiveness and remodeling, demonstrated by pulmonary function test and histological characterization.

Interpretable modeling and discovery of key predictors for pneumonia diagnosis in children based on electronic medical records.

Background: Community-acquired pneumonia is one of the most common infectious diseases in children and is a leading cause of death among children under 5 years of age, resulting in high rates of antibiotic usage and hospitalization. It is of extremely practical significance to make full use of the existing electronic medical records to study pneumonia and to establish automatic diagnosis models for pneumonia.

Methods: We established pneumonia diagnosis models of Bayesian network using a total of 13,448 electronic medical records.

A reference single-cell regulomic and transcriptomic map of cynomolgus monkeys.

Non-human primates are attractive laboratory animal models that accurately reflect both developmental and pathological features of humans. Here we present a compendium of cell types across multiple organs in cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) using both single-cell chromatin accessibility and RNA sequencing data. The integrated cell map enables in-depth dissection and comparison of molecular dynamics, cell-type compositions and cellular heterogeneity across multiple tissues and organs.

Mild Encephalitis/Encephalopathy with Reversible Splenial Lesion Associated with Scrub Typhus in a Child: A Case Report.

Mild encephalitis/encephalopathy with a reversible splenial lesion (MERS) is a rare clinicoradiological syndrome characterized by transient mild encephalopathy and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings of a reversible lesion in the splenium of the corpus callosum (SCC). Multiple causes have been proposed for the pathogenesis of MERS, with infection as the most pre-eminent. We report the case of a 10-year-old girl with MERS due to scrub typhus.

Four Discrete Silver Iodobismuthates/Bromobismuthates with Metal Complexes: Syntheses, Structures, Photocurrent Responses, and Theoretical Studies.

Using formed metal complexes of [Fe(bipy)] or [Ni(bipy)] (bipy = 2,2'-bipyridine) as templates, four new Ag-Bi-X (X = I and Br) compounds are first isolated in the metal-complex-decorated heterometallic halobismuthate family, namely [M(bipy)]AgBiI (M = Fe (), Ni ()), [Fe(bipy)]AgBiBr (), and [Ni(bipy)]AgBiBr (). Compounds - feature discrete [AgBiX] anions, exhibiting three polymorphisms that may be ascribed to the different stackings and the flexible condensations of [BiX] octahedrons and [AgX] tetrahedra/[AgX] triangles. UV-vis diffuse reflectance analyses reveal that they are narrow band gap semiconductor materials (ca.

Inhaled B7 alleviates bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice.

Treatment options for the progression of pulmonary fibrosis (PF), which ultimately causes respiratory failure, are limited. According to recent studies, recombinant human relaxin is potentially therapeutic against fibrosis and contraction during pulmonary damage. However, the production of recombinant H2 relaxin is laborious and expensive, limiting its extensive application.

Primary intratracheal neurilemmoma in a 10-year-old girl: A case report.

Background: Tracheal tumors are relatively rare in adults and uncommon in children. Tracheal neurilemmoma is a rare condition in adults that usually affects middle-aged people, but it can also occur in children. Because the clinical presentation is nonspecific and insidious, diagnosis is often delayed.

Congenital Brucellosis: A Case Report.

Brucellosis is the most common zoonotic infection worldwide, and is caused by bacterial genus Brucella. The disease is rarely transmitted through human-to-human transmission. Few cases have been reported about vertical transmission of human brucellosis.

Cardiopulmonary bypass as a bridge for bronchial foreign body removal in a child with pulmonary artery sling: A case report.

Rationale: Successful removal of an airway foreign body (FB) in some intractable cases can be very challenging, because of tracheal anomalies, unstable respiratory status of the patients, and the location of FB. The use of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) support for the treatment of a FB is extremely rare.

Patient Concerns: We present a case of a 39-month-old previously healthy girl who was admitted to our hospital for suspected FB aspiration (FBA).