Tandem Vinylogous Aldol and Intramolecular [2 + 2] Cycloaddition toward Benzocyclobutenes by UV Light Photocatalysis.

A facile and efficient radical tandem vinylogous aldol and intramolecular [2 + 2] cycloaddition reaction for direct synthesis of cyclobutane-containing benzocyclobutenes (BCBs) under extremely mild conditions without using any photocatalysts is reported. This approach exhibited definite compatibility with functional groups and afforded new BCBs with excellent regioselectivity and high yields. Moreover, detailed mechanism studies were carried out both experimentally and theoretically.

Visible-Light-Mediated Catalyst-Free [2+2] Cycloaddition Reaction for Dihydrocyclobuta[]naphthalene-3,8-diones Synthesis under Mild Conditions.

A facile and efficient visible-light-mediated method for directly converting 1,4-naphthoquinones into dihydrocyclo-buta[]naphthalene-3,8-diones (DHCBNDOs) under mild and clean conditions without using any photocatalysts is reported. This approach exhibited favorable compatibility with functional groups and afforded a series of DHCBNDOs with excellent regioselectivity and high yields. Moreover, detailed mechanism studies were carried out both experimentally and theoretically.

Higher Sensitivity to Thyroid Hormones May Be Linked to Maintaining the Healthy Metabolic Condition in People with Obesity: New Insight from NHANES.

Introduction: Obesity contributes to the pathogenesis of diverse metabolic diseases, yet the mechanism underlying metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) remains elusive. Thyroid hormones and sensitivity to them have a major impact on metabolism. Our study aimed to investigate the association between MHO and thyroid hormone sensitivity.

Image-guided Thermal Ablation as a Promising Approach to Both Nontoxic and Toxic Autonomously Functioning Thyroid Nodules.

Rationale And Objectives: Although thermal ablation has been recommended as an alternative therapy option for autonomously functioning thyroid nodules (AFTN), current clinical evidence mainly focuses on toxic AFTN. This study aims to evaluate and compare the efficacy and safety of thermal ablation (percutaneous radiofrequency ablation or microwave ablation) in treating nontoxic and toxic AFTN.

Materials And Methods: AFTN patients who received a single session of thermal ablation with a follow-up period ≥12 months were recruited.

Erratum: Metformin inhibits the proliferation of A431 cells by modulating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3892/etm.2015.

Body Roundness Index Is a Superior Obesity Index in Predicting Diabetes Risk Among Hypertensive Patients: A Prospective Cohort Study in China.

Individuals with both hypertension and diabetes have been confirmed to significantly increase the risk of cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality compared with those with only hypertension or diabetes. This study aimed to evaluate the potential of different anthropometric indices for predicting diabetes risk among hypertensive patients. The study group consisted of 6,990 hypertensive adults without diabetes who were recruited in China.

Waist-to-height ratio, an optimal anthropometric indicator for metabolic dysfunction associated fatty liver disease in the Western Chinese male population.

Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has been entitled as metabolic-dysfunction associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). Therefore anthropometric indicators of adiposity may provide a non-invasive predictive and diagnostic tool for this disease. This study intended to validate and compare the MAFLD predictive and diagnostic capability of eight anthropometric indicators.

Association of Anthropometric Indices With the Development of Diabetes Among Hypertensive Patients in China: A Cohort Study.

Background: Patients with comorbidity of hypertension and diabetes are associated with higher morbidity and mortality of cardiovascular disease than those with hypertension or diabetes alone. The present study aimed to identify anthropometric risk factors for diabetes among hypertensive patients who were included in a retrospective cohort study.

Methods: Hypertensive adults without diabetes were recruited in China.

Peripheral Nerve Conduction And Sympathetic Skin Response Are Reliable Methods to Detect Diabetic Cardiac Autonomic Neuropathy.

Aim: This study aimed to investigate the role of nerve conduction studies (NCS) and sympathetic skin response (SSR) in evaluating diabetic cardiac autonomic neuropathy (DCAN).

Methods: DCAN was diagnosed using the Ewing test combined with heart rate variability analysis. NCS and SSR were assessed by electrophysiological methods.

Evaluation of the Degree of Agreement of Four Methods for Diagnosing Diabetic Autonomic Neuropathy.

There are many methods to diagnose diabetic autonomic neuropathy (DAN); however, often, the various methods do not provide consistent results. Even the two methods recommended by the American Diabetes Association (ADA) guidelines, Ewing's test and heart rate variability (HRV), sometimes give conflicting results. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the degree of agreement of the results of the Composite Autonomic Symptom Score 31 (COMPASS-31), skin sympathetic reaction (SSR) test, Ewing's test, and HRV in diagnosing DAN.

Insulin resistance is independently associated with cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy in type 2 diabetes.

Aims/introduction: Diabetic cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy (DCAN) seriously threatens the prognosis and quality of life of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, associated with increased mortality. The present study aimed to investigate the relevant risk factors of DCAN.

Materials And Methods: The present study enrolled a total of 109 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Integrative analyses of biomarkers and pathways for adipose tissue after bariatric surgery.

We explored potential biomarkers and molecular mechanisms regarding multiple benefits after bariatric surgery. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) for subcutaneous adipose tissue (AT) after bariatric surgery were identified by analyzing two expression profiles from the GEO. Subsequently, enrichment analysis, GSEA, PPI network, and gene-microRNAs and gene-TFs networks were interrogated to identify hub genes and associated pathways.

Vascular and metabolic effects of metformin added to insulin therapy in patients with type 1 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: The incidence of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is increasing among youth worldwide, translating to an increased risk ofearly-onset cardiovascular disease (CVD). Mounting studies have shown that metformin may reduce maximal carotidintima-media thickness (cIMT), improve insulin resistance and metabolic control in subjects with T1DM, and thus, may extend cardioprotective benefits. This systematic review and meta-analysis was performed to assess the efficacy and safety of metformin added to insulin therapy on reducing CVD risks and improving metabolism in T1DM.

Effects of Long-Versus Short-Term Exposure to the Mediterranean Diet on Skin Microvascular Function and Quality of Life of Healthy Adults in Greece and the UK.

The beneficial effects of the Mediterranean diet (MD) adherence in reducing cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk and improving CVD-related physiological indices have been well-documented. However, the exact MD adherence duration needed for these effects to occur is under-researched. The aim of the present, two-arm, two-site study clinical trial was to assess the effects of long- vs.

Verapamil Attenuated Prediabetic Neuropathy in High-Fat Diet-Fed Mice through Inhibiting TXNIP-Mediated Apoptosis and Inflammation.

Diabetic neuropathy (DN) is a common and severe complication of diabetes mellitus. There is still a lack of an effective treatment to DN because of its complex pathogenesis. Thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP), an endogenous inhibitor of thioredoxin, has been shown to be associated with diabetic retinopathy and nephropathy.

Contrasting Effects of Short-Term Mediterranean and Vegan Diets on Microvascular Function and Cholesterol in Younger Adults: A Comparative Pilot Study.

The Mediterranean diet has been shown to improve cardiovascular health. Vegan diets have demonstrated similar benefits, albeit in fewer studies. In a comparative pilot study, we compared the effects of a short-term Mediterranean Diet (MD) and Vegan Diet (VD) on microvascular function and cholesterol levels in a healthy population.

Correlation Between Different Stages of Diabetic Nephropathy and Neuropathy in Patients with T2DM: A Cross-Sectional Controlled Study.

Introduction: Early detection of diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is critical in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) due to the lack of targeted therapy for DPN. We have investigated the relationship between different stages of diabetic nephropathy and DPN in an attempt to elucidate whether albuminuria can be used as an early warning signal of DPN progression.

Methods: A total of 217 T2DM patients who met the inclusion criteria were recruited from the Department of Endocrinology, Nanfang Hospital between January 2016 and June 2016.

Physiological effects of a short-term lifestyle intervention based on the Mediterranean diet: comparison between older and younger healthy, sedentary adults.

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine whether short-term adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD) was associated with improved physiological function.

Methods: This was a single-center, cohort pilot study with 24 healthy, sedentary younger (18-35 y of age) and older (55-75 y of age) adults. Participants were advised to follow the MD for 4 wk.

Metformin inhibits the proliferation of A431 cells by modulating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.

The ability of metformin, an antidiabetic drug with wide applications, to inhibit tumor cell growth has recently been discovered. The PI3K/Akt signaling pathway has been found to play an important role in the survival, proliferation and apoptosis of tumor cells. The aim of the present study was to explore the effect of metformin on the proliferation of A431 human squamous cell carcinoma cells and the underlying molecular mechanisms.