The Association Between Brain Metabolic Biomarkers Using F-FDG and Cognition and Vascular Risk Factors, as well as Its Usefulness in the Diagnosis and Staging of Alzheimer's Disease.

Background: F-fluorodeoxyglucose (F-FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) is valuable in Alzheimer's disease (AD) workup.

Objective: To explore the effectiveness of F-FDG PET in differentiating and staging AD and associations between brain glucose metabolism and cognitive functions and vascular risk factors.

Methods: 107 participates including 19 mild cognitive impairment (MCI), 38 mild AD, 24 moderate AD, 15 moderate-severe AD, and 11 frontotemporal dementia (FTD) were enrolled.

Heterogeneity of cerebral atrophic rate in mild cognitive impairment and its interactive association with proteins related to microglia activity on longitudinal cognitive changes.

Background: Heterogeneity of cerebral atrophic rate commonly exists in mild cognitive impairment (MCI), which may be associated with microglia-involved neuropathology and have an influence on cognitive outcomes.

Objective: We aim to explore the heterogeneity of cerebral atrophic rate among MCI and its association with plasma proteins related to microglia activity, with further investigation of their interaction effects on long-term cognition.

Subjects: A total of 630 MCI subjects in the ADNI database were included, of which 260 subjects were available with baseline data on plasma proteins.

Dysregulated expression of miR-140 and miR-122 compromised microglial chemotaxis and led to reduced restriction of AD pathology.

Background: Deposition of amyloid β, which is produced by amyloidogenic cleavage of APP by β- and γ-secretase, is one of the primary hallmarks of AD pathology. APP can also be processed by α- and γ-secretase sequentially, to generate sAPPα, which has been shown to be neuroprotective by promoting neurite outgrowth and neuronal survival, etc. METHODS: The global expression profiles of miRNA in blood plasma samples taken from 11 AD patients as well as from 14 age and sex matched cognitively normal volunteers were analyzed using miRNA-seq.

The role of visual rating and automated brain volumetry in early detection and differential diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease.

Background: Medial temporal lobe atrophy (MTA) is a diagnostic marker for mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD), but the accuracy of quantitative MTA (QMTA) in diagnosing early AD is unclear. This study aimed to investigate the accuracy of QMTA and its related components (inferior lateral ventricle [ILV] and hippocampus) with MTA in the early diagnosis of MCI and AD.

Methods: This study included four groups: normal (NC), MCI stable (MCIs), MCI converted to AD (MCIs), and mild AD (M-AD) groups.

Altered gut microbiota in temporal lobe epilepsy with anxiety disorders.

Introduction: Patients with epilepsy are particularly vulnerable to the negative effects of anxiety disorders. In particular, temporal lobe epilepsy with anxiety disorders (TLEA) has attracted more attention in epilepsy research. The link between intestinal dysbiosis and TLEA has not been established yet.

Isoniazid improves cognitive performance, clears Aβ plaques, and protects dendritic synapses in APP/PS1 transgenic mice.

Background And Objective: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by amyloid β (Aβ) aggregation and neuroinflammation. This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effect of isoniazid (INH) against AD.

Methods: The APP/PS1 transgenic mouse model of AD was adopted.

Identification of candidate genes associated with clinical onset of Alzheimer's disease.

Background And Objective: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia, with its pathology like beta-amyloid and phosphorylated tau beginning several years before the clinical onset. The aim is to identify genetic risk factors associated with the onset of AD.

Methods: We collected three microarray data of post-mortem brains of AD patients and the healthy from the GEO database and screened differentially expressed genes between AD and healthy control.

Highly sensitive Curcumin-conjugated nanotheranostic platform for detecting amyloid-beta plaques by magnetic resonance imaging and reversing cognitive deficits of Alzheimer's disease via NLRP3-inhibition.

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder without effective therapy and lack diagnosis strategy for preclinical AD patients. There is an urgent need for development of both early diagnosis and therapeutic intervention of AD.

Results: Herein, we developed a nanotheranostics platform consisting of Curcumin (Cur), an anti-inflammatory molecule, and superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) nanoparticles encapsulated by diblock 1,2-dio-leoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-n-[poly(ethylene glycol)] (DSPE-PEG) that are modified with CRT and QSH peptides on its surface.

The Correlation Between White Matter Hyperintensity Burden and Regional Brain Volumetry in Patients With Alzheimer's Disease.

Background: White matter hyperintensities (WMHs) and regional brain lobe atrophy coexist in the brain of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), but the association between them in patients with AD still lacks comprehensive investigation and solid imaging data support.

Objective: We explored whether WMHs can promote the pathological process of AD by aggravating atrophy in specific brain regions and tried to explain the regional specificity of these relationships.

Methods: A sample of 240 adults including 180 normal controls (NCs) and 80 cases with AD were drawn from the ADNI database.

AD Resemblance Atrophy Index of Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Predicting the Progression of Mild Cognitive Impairment Carrying Apolipoprotein E-ε4 Allele.

Background And Objective: Early identification is important for timely Alzheimer's disease (AD) treatment. Apolipoprotein E ε4 allele (APOE-ε4) is an important genetic risk factor for sporadic AD. The AD-Resemblance Atrophy Index (RAI)-a structural magnetic resonance imaging-derived composite index-was found to predict the risk of progression from mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to AD.

Magnesium-L-threonate exhibited a neuroprotective effect against oxidative stress damage in HT22 cells and Alzheimer's disease mouse model.

Background: Oxidative stress results in the production of excess reactive oxygen species (ROS) and triggers hippocampal neuronal damage as well as occupies a key role in the pathological mechanisms of neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). A recent study confirmed that magnesium had an inhibitory effect against oxidative stress-related malondialdehyde . However, whether Magnesium-L-threonate (MgT) is capable of suppressing oxidative stress damage in amyloid β (Aβ)-treated HT22 cells and the AD mouse model still remains to be investigated.

An MRI-based strategy for differentiation of frontotemporal dementia and Alzheimer's disease.

Background: The differential diagnosis of frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) is difficult due to the overlaps of clinical symptoms. Structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI) presents distinct brain atrophy and potentially helps in their differentiation. In this study, we aim at deriving a novel integrated index by leveraging the volumetric measures in brain regions with significant difference between AD and FTD and developing an MRI-based strategy for the differentiation of FTD and AD.

Protection of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in a Mouse Model of Multiple Sclerosis.

Given the growing evidence of a link between gut microbiota (GM) dysbiosis and multiple sclerosis (MS), fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), aimed at rebuilding GM, has been proposed as a new therapeutic approach to MS treatment. To evaluate the viability of FMT for MS treatment and its impact on MS pathology, we tested FMT in mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a mouse model of MS. We provide evidence that FMT can rectify altered GM to some extent with a therapeutic effect on EAE.

Outer membrane vesicles enhance tau phosphorylation and contribute to cognitive impairment.

Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are nanosized vesicles produced by the gut microbiota (GM). The GM is well-known to be involved in the pathological process of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the mechanism of OMVs is not clear.

The effect of nonpharmacologic therapy on global cognitive functions in patients with Alzheimer's disease: an updated meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

The effectiveness of non-pharmacologic therapy (NPT) in treating the global cognition dysfunction associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) has not been clearly demonstrated. Therefore, we performed a meta-analysis to address this issue. The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, PUBMED, EMBASE and other databases were searched, and outcomes measured by the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) or the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale-cognitive subscale (ADAS-cog) were analysed.

The Prevalence of Alzheimer's Disease in China: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Background: Several studies have investigated the prevalence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) among the general population in several parts of China. However, the results have been inconsistent. This meta-analysis was conducted to estimate the overall prevalence of AD between 2007 and 2017 in China.