Expanding GABAergic Neuronal Diversity in iPSC-Derived Disease Models.

GABAergic interneurons play a critical role in maintaining neural circuit function, and their dysfunction is implicated in various neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders. Traditional approaches for differentiating human pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) into neuronal cells often face challenges such as incomplete neural differentiation, prolonged culture periods, and variability across PSC lines. To address these limitations, we developed a new strategy that integrates overexpression of transcription factors ASCL1 and DLX2 with dual-SMAD and WNT inhibition, efficiently driving the differentiation of human PSCs into diverse, region-specific GABAergic neuronal types.

Inhibition of Sat1 alleviates myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury through regulation of ferroptosis via MAPK/ERK pathway.

Introduction: Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI) is a prevalent complication in patients with myocardial infarction. The pathological mechanism of MIRI remains elusive. Ferroptosis plays a critical role in MIRI.

AI-Based Hematological Age Predictors and the Association Between Biological Age Acceleration and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus - Chongqing Municipality, China, 2015-2021.

Introduction: Biological age (BA) can represent the actual state of human aging more accurately than chronological age (CA).

Methods: Using hematological data from 112,925 participants in southwestern China, collected between 2015 and 2021, this study constructed BA predictors using 7 machine learning (ML) methods (tailored separately for male and female populations). This study then analyzed the association between BA acceleration and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) within this data using logistic regression.

Improving methylmalonic acidemia (MMA) screening and MMA genotype prediction using random forest classifier in two Chinese populations.

Background: Methylmalonic acidemia (MMA) is one of the most common hereditary organic acid metabolism disorders that endangers the lives and health of infants and children. Early detection and intervention before the appearance of a newborn's clinical symptoms can control disease progression and prevent or mitigate its serious consequences.

Methods: 42,004 newborns from two Chinese populations were included in the study.

Bioinspired radiative cooling coating with high emittance and robust self-cleaning for sustainably efficient heat dissipation.

To overcome the overheating phenomena of electronic devices and energy components, developing advanced energy-free cooling coatings with promising radiative property seem an effective and energy-saving way. However, the further application of these coatings is greatly limited by their sustainability because of their fragile and easy contamination. Herein, it is reported that a bioinspired radiative cooling coating (BRCC) displayed sustainably efficient heat dissipation by the combination of high emittance and robust self-cleaning property.

Enhancing cardiovascular risk prediction through AI-enabled calcium-omics.

Whole-heart coronary calcium Agatston score is a well-established predictor of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), but it does not account for individual calcification features related to the pathophysiology of the disease (e.g., multiple-vessel disease, spread of the disease along the vessel, stable calcifications, numbers of lesions, and density).

AI prediction of cardiovascular events using opportunistic epicardial adipose tissue assessments from CT calcium score.

Background: Recent studies have used basic epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) assessments (e.g., volume and mean HU) to predict risk of atherosclerosis-related, major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE).

Self-Cleaning and Spectral Selective Membrane for Sustainable Radiative Cooling.

Radiative cooling materials have attracted great attention due to their superiority in energy-free cooling, especially for outdoor applications. However, outdoor cooling performance is threatened by surface pollution. Herein, we demonstrate a ternary compound system, including polyvinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene (PVDF-HFP), boron nitride nanosheets (BNNS), and hydrophobic silicon dioxide (SiO), to synchronously achieve self-cooling and self-cleaning properties through biomimetically building a lotus-like papillomatous structure.

Enhancing cardiovascular risk prediction through AI-enabled calcium-omics.

Background: Coronary artery calcium (CAC) is a powerful predictor of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). Traditional Agatston score simply sums the calcium, albeit in a non-linear way, leaving room for improved calcification assessments that will more fully capture the extent of disease.

Objective: To determine if AI methods using detailed calcification features (i.

Stimuli-Actuated Turn-On Theranostic Nanoplatforms for Imaging-Guided Antibacterial Treatment.

Antibacterial theranostic nanoplatforms, which integrate diagnostic and therapeutic properties, exhibit gigantic application prospects in precision medicine. However, traditional theranostic nanoplatforms usually present an always-on signal output, which leads to poor specificity or selectivity in the treatment of bacterial infections. To address this challenge, stimuli-actuated turn-on nanoplatforms are developed for simultaneous activation of diagnostic signals (e.

PDHA1 Alleviates Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury by Improving Myocardial Insulin Resistance During Cardiopulmonary Bypass Surgery in Rats.

Objective: Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is a requisite technique for thoracotomy in advanced cardiovascular surgery. However, the consequent myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI) is the primary culprit behind cardiac dysfunction and fatal consequences post-operation. Prior research has posited that myocardial insulin resistance (IR) plays a vital role in exacerbating the progression of MIRI.

Nanotherapeutics with immunoregulatory functions for the treatment of bacterial infection.

The advent of drug-resistant pathogens results in the occurrence of stubborn bacterial infections that cannot be treated with traditional antibiotics. Antibacterial immunotherapy by reviving or activating the body's immune system to eliminate pathogenic bacteria has confirmed promising therapeutic strategies in controlling bacterial infections. Subsequent studies found that antimicrobial immunotherapy has its own benefits and limitations, such as avoiding recurrence of infection and autoimmunity-induced side effects.

Multifaceted Roles of Copper Ions in Anticancer Nanomedicine.

The significantly increased copper level in tumor tissues and serum indicates the close association of copper ions with tumor development, making copper ions attractive targets in the development of novel tumor treatment methods. The advanced nanotechnology developed in the past decades provides great potential for tumor therapy, among which Cu-based nanotherapeutic systems have received greater attention. Herein, the multifaceted roles of copper ions in cancer progression are summarized and the recent advances in the copper-based nanostructures or nanomedicines for different kinds of tumor therapies including copper depletion therapy, copper-based cytotoxins, copper-ion-based chemodynamic therapy and its combination with other treatments, and copper-ion-induced ferroptosis and cuproptosis activation are discussed.

Trajectories of lipids around the menopause transition in Chinese women: results of the Kailuan cohort study.

Objective: To investigate changes in lipid parameters around the final menstrual period (FMP) in Chinese women.

Design: A prospective community-based cohort study.

Patient(s): Three thousand seven hundred fifty six Chinese women from the Kailuan cohort study who participated in the first examination and reached their FMP by the end of the seventh examination.

Improved bias and reproducibility of coronary artery calcification features using deconvolution.

Purpose: Our long-range goal is to improve whole-heart CT calcium scores by extracting quantitative features from individual calcifications. Here, we perform deconvolution to improve bias/reproducibility of small calcification assessments, which can be degraded at the normal CT calcium score image resolution.

Approach: We analyzed features of individual calcifications on repeated standard (2.

Random forest classifier improving phenylketonuria screening performance in two Chinese populations.

Phenylketonuria (PKU) is a genetic disorder with amino acid metabolic defect, which does great harms to the development of newborns and children. Early diagnosis and treatment can effectively prevent the disease progression. Here we developed a PKU screening model using random forest classifier (RFC) to improve PKU screening performance with excellent sensitivity, false positive rate (FPR) and positive predictive value (PPV) in all the validation dataset and two testing Chinese populations.

Stimuli-responsive therapeutic systems for the treatment of diabetic infected wounds.

Diabetic wound infection is a common disease that has significantly reduced people's quality of life. Although tremendous achievements have been made in clinical treatment, the crucial challenge in diabetic infected wound management stems from the detrimental diabetic wound environment and the emergence of bacterial resistance after long-term medication, which result in a reduced efficacy, an increased dosage of medication, and severe side effects. To tackle these issues, it is of great significance to develop an innovative treatment strategy for diabetic wound infection therapy.

Effects of different dosages esketamine on cardiac conduction and heterogeneity of Cx43: the epicardial mapping in guinea pigs.

Background: Esketamine is favored in clinical settings. Relative to other anesthetics it preserves protective airway reflexes, maintains spontaneous respiration, stabilizes hemodynamics, and alleviates neuropathic pain. This study sought to evaluate the cardiac safety of esketamine at 3 sub-anesthetic gradient concentrations.

Bioinformatics prediction of potential mechanisms and biomarkers underlying dilated cardiomyopathy.

Background: Heart failure is a health burden responsible for high morbidity and mortality worldwide, and dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is one of the most common causes of heart failure. DCM is a disease of the heart muscle and is characterized by enlargement and dilation of at least one ventricle alongside impaired contractility with left ventricular ejection fraction < 40%. It is also associated with abnormalities in cytoskeletal proteins, mitochondrial ATP transporter, microvasculature, and fibrosis.

Augmented BMP4 signal impairs tongue myogenesis.

Tongue muscles are derived from mesodermal cells, while signals driven by cranial neural crest cells (CNCCs) regulate tongue myogenesis via tissue-tissue interaction. Based on such mechanisms of interaction, congenital tongue defects occur in CNC-related syndromes in humans. This study utilized a pathologic model for the syndrome of congenital bony syngnathia, Wnt1-Cre;pMes-Bmp4 mouse line, to explore impacts of enhanced CNCCs-originated BMP4 signal on tongue myogenesis via tissue-tissue interaction.

Increased detection of circulating tumor DNA by short fragment enrichment.

Background: Circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) detection for non-invasive diagnosis requires higher sensitivity and accuracy due to the low circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) content. Many methods have been developed to improve detection of ctDNA, including ultra-deep sequencing or enrichment of shorter cfDNA fragments, such as those in the range of 90-150 bp.

Methods: Here, we developed a method for single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) library preparation with a large proportion of magnetic beads to enrich the shorter cfDNA fragments.

Multifunctional Membrane for Thermal Management Applications.

Space cooling and heating consume a large proportion of global energy, so passive thermal management materials (i.e., without energy input), especially dual-mode materials including cooling and heating bifunctions, are becoming more and more attractive in many areas.

BMP4/ALK3 deficiency leads to Meckel's cartilage truncation mimicking the mandible Tessier 30 cleft.

Objective: In chondrogenesis, BMP signaling was inferred to exhibit regional specificity during Meckel's cartilage morphogenesis. This study aimed to explore the differences in BMP signaling activity between different parts of Meckel's cartilage and the impacts of BMP4 or ALK3 deficiency on the development of Meckel's cartilage during embryogenesis.

Materials And Methods: The BRE-gal reporter mouse line was utilized to gain an overall picture of canonical BMP signaling activity, as assessed by X-gal staining.

The Transcription Factor Shox2 Shapes Neuron Firing Properties and Suppresses Seizures by Regulation of Key Ion Channels in Thalamocortical Neurons.

Thalamocortical neurons (TCNs) play a critical role in the maintenance of thalamocortical oscillations, dysregulation of which can result in certain types of seizures. Precise control over firing rates of TCNs is foundational to these oscillations, yet the transcriptional mechanisms that constrain these firing rates remain elusive. We hypothesized that Shox2 is a transcriptional regulator of ion channels important for TCN function and that loss of Shox2 alters firing frequency and activity, ultimately perturbing thalamocortical oscillations into an epilepsy-prone state.