Comparison of β-Cell Function and Insulin Sensitivity Between Normal-Weight and Obese Chinese With Young-Onset Type 2 Diabetes.

Normal-weight individuals with usual-onset type 2 diabetes have reduced β-cell function and greater insulin sensitivity compared with their obese counterparts. The relative contribution of β-cell dysfunction and insulin resistance to young-onset type 2 diabetes (YOD) among normal-weight individuals is not well established. In 44 individuals with YOD (24 with normal weight and 20 with obesity) and 24 healthy control individuals with normoglycemia (12 with normal weight and 12 with obesity), we conducted 2-h 12 mmol/L hyperglycemic clamps to measure acute (0-10 min) and steady-state (100-120 min) insulin and C-peptide responses, as well as insulin sensitivity index.

Dysregulation of iron transport-related biomarkers in blood leukocytes is associated with poor prognosis of early trauma.

Objective: The early targeted and effective diagnosis and treatment of severe trauma are crucial for patients' outcomes. Blood leukocytes act as significant effectors during the initial inflammation and activation of innate immunity in trauma. This study aims to identify hub genes related to patients' prognosis in blood leukocytes at the early stages of trauma.

Comparison of beta-cell function between Hong Kong Chinese with young-onset type 2 diabetes and late-onset type 2 diabetes.

Aims: We compared beta-cell function in Chinese with type 2 diabetes diagnosed at age < 40 years (young-onset diabetes, YOD) and ≥ 40 years (late-onset diabetes, LOD).

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we selected participants from two cohorts of people with type 2 diabetes recruited in 1996-2012 (n = 4,376) and 2020-2021 (n = 794). Multivariable linear regression models were applied to compare homeostasis model assessment of beta-cell function (HOMA2-%B) and fasting plasma C-peptide across diabetes duration at enrolment between YOD and LOD.

Incident cardiovascular-kidney disease, diabetic ketoacidosis, hypoglycaemia and mortality in adult-onset type 1 diabetes: a population-based retrospective cohort study in Hong Kong.

Background: Type 1 diabetes can occur at any age. The majority of literature on type 1 diabetes were reported in children whereas adult-onset type 1 diabetes is less well characterised. This study aims to compare the risk of diabetes-related complications and mortality in Chinese with adult-onset type 1 diabetes versus those with youth-onset type 1 diabetes and adult-onset type 2 diabetes.

Higher incidence of cardiovascular-kidney complications in Chinese with youth-onset type 2 diabetes versus youth-onset type 1 diabetes attenuated by control of cardio-metabolic risk factors: A population-based prospective cohort study in Hong Kong.

Aims: To determine and compare the incidence of diabetes complications in Chinese with youth-onset type 2 and type 1 diabetes.

Methods: We conducted a population-based prospective cohort study, including 1,260 people with type 2 diabetes and 1,227 with type 1 diabetes diagnosed at age < 20 years who underwent metabolic and complication assessment in Hong Kong Hospital Authority between 2000 and 2018. They were followed for incident cardiovascular disease (CVD), end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) and all-cause death until 2019.

HIF-1α promotes the expression of syndecan-1 and inhibits the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway in vascular endothelial cells under hemorrhagic shock.

Hemorrhagic shock (HS) is a global life-threatening matter that causes massive mortality annually worldwide. Syndecan-1 (SDC1) is an important predictor and evaluation index for HS, but its mechanism involved in the HS development remain unclear. HS mice model and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) under hypoxia were applied to explore the relationship of SDC1 with HIF-1α and NLRP3 inflammasome in vascular ECs under HS.

Incidence of long-term diabetes complications and mortality in youth-onset type 2 diabetes: A systematic review.

Aims: This systematic review aims to assess the incidence of chronic kidney disease (CKD), cardiovascular disease (CVD) and mortality in people with type 2 diabetes diagnosed <20 years.

Methods: We searched MEDLINE, Embase and Cochrane Library for longitudinal studies published between 1 January 2000 and 31 November 2021.

Results: Seventeen studies (15 reporting CKD, 3 reporting CVD, 5 reporting mortality) from seven countries of sample size ranging between 96 and 4,141 were eligible.

Plasma D-dimer as a predictor of intraluminal thrombus burden and progression of abdominal aortic aneurysm.

Aim: Intraluminal thrombus (ILT) is presented in most abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) and is suggested to promote AAA expansion. D-dimer, a breakdown product in the thrombus remodeling, may have prognostic value for AAA. This study investigated the interrelation between plasma D-dimer level, ILT volume, AAA size and progression.

Ulinastatin and/or thymosin α1 for severe sepsis: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: Ulinastatin (UTI) and thymosin α1 (Tα1) have been investigated for their immunoregulatory properties in patients with severe sepsis. However, it is unclear whether immunomodulatory therapy using UTI combined with Tα1 (UCT), UTI alone (UA), or Tα1 alone (TA) improves the disease outcome. The objective of this study was to analyze the effectiveness of UCT, UA, and TA for the treatment of severe sepsis.

A comparison of measurement methods and sexual dimorphism for digit ratio (2D:4D) in Han ethnicity.

The digit ratio (2D:4D) is sexually dimorphic and has been considered an indicator of prenatal sex hormone exposure. Previous studies have shown that males tend to have lower 2D to 4D ratio than females, and this sexual dimorphism has been reported across different ethnic groups and different countries. However, digit ratio data are missing from the Han ethnicity in China.