Key function of Kouleothrix in stable formation of filamentous aerobic granular sludge at low superficial gas velocity with polymeric substrates.

Forming and maintaining stable aerobic granular sludge (AGS) at a low superficial gas velocity (SGV) is challenging, particularly with polymeric substrates. This study cultivated filamentous aerobic granular sludge (FAGS) with filamentous Kouleothrix (Type 1851) at low SGV (0.15 cm/s) utilizing mixed acetate-soluble starch.

Study on the removal of fulvic acid in water by potassium ferrate-enhanced iron-manganese co-oxide film and its mechanism.

The previous studies have shown that iron-manganese co-oxide film (MeO) could simultaneously remove ammonium, manganese ion and bisphenol A. In this study, the removal of fulvic acid (FA) was explored by adding potassium ferrate (KFeO) to heighten the catalytic activity of MeO. After adding about 3.

Microstructure and Hydrothermal Stability of Microporous Niobia-Silica Membranes: Effect of Niobium Doping Contents.

Methyl-modified niobium-doped silica (Nb/SiO) materials with various Nb/Si molar ratios (n) were fabricated using tetraethoxysilane and methyltriethoxysilane as the silica source and niobium pentachloride as the niobium source by the sol-gel method, and the Nb/SiO membranes were prepared thereof by the dip-coating process under an N calcining atmosphere. Their microstructures were characterized and gas permeances tested. The results showed that the niobium element existed in the formation of the Nb-O groups in the Nb/SiO materials.

Synthesized akhtenskites remove ammonium and manganese from aqueous solution: removal mechanism and the effect of structural cations.

Ammonium and manganese removal by tunnel-structured manganese oxide is still enigmatic. Herein, tunnel-structured akhtenskites with different structural cations (Na-MnO , Mg-MnO Ca-MnO , Fe-MnO ) were synthesized by the KMnO and Mn reaction in the presence of different metal cations, and were used to remove ammonium and manganese from aqueous solution. The results of the batch adsorption experiments indicated that akhtenskites effectively removed NH and Mn, and the removal process fitted the pseudo-second-order model.

Sol-Gel Processed Cobalt-Doped Methylated Silica Membranes Calcined under N Atmosphere: Microstructure and Hydrogen Perm-Selectivity.

Methyl-modified, cobalt-doped silica (Co/MSiO) materials were synthesized by sol-gel technique calcined in N atmospheres, and membranes were made thereof by coating method. The effects of Co/Si molar ratio () on the physical-chemical constructions of Co/MSiO materials and microstructures of Co/MSiO membranes were systematically investigated. The gas permeance performance and hydrothermal stability of Co/MSiO membranes were also tested.

Comparisons of the film peeling from the composite oxides of quartz sand filters using ozone, hydrogen peroxide and chlorine dioxide.

To solve the problem of shortened backwashing intervals in groundwater plants, several disinfectants including ozone (O3), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and chlorine dioxide (ClO2) were examined to peel off the film from the quartz sand surface in four pilot-scale columns. An optimized oxidant dosage and oxidation time were determined by batch tests. Subsequently, the optimized conditions were tested in the four pilot-scale columns.