Peripheral blood microbiome signature and Mycobacterium tuberculosis-derived rsRNA as diagnostic biomarkers for tuberculosis in human.

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is a major global health issue. Early diagnosis of TB is still a challenge. Studies are seeking non-sputum biomarker-based TB test.

Transcriptome analysis to explore the mechanism of downregulated TNIK influencing the effect of risperidone.

Background: Risperidone is one of the most reliable and effective antipsychotics for schizophrenia treatment. However, the mechanism of action of risperidone is not yet fully understood. Traf2 and Nck-interacting protein kinase (), a schizophrenia susceptibility gene, is associated with risperidone treatment response.

Valuation of knowledge, attitude, practices of tuberculosis among the health care workers from Islamabad Pakistan.

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) as a foremost infectious disease adds massive burden to morbidity and mortality rate, despite of well-structured TB control programs around the globe. Inappropriate health care management system and poor implementation on standard in relevance to TB, remain some reasons causative to TB prevalence and its rising antimicrobial resistance. Health Care Workers (HCWs) laboring as a part of TB control system, are the vital warriors in achieving the goals of TB End Strategy by 2035.

Circular RNAs in tuberculosis and lung cancer.

This review signifies the role of circular RNAs (circRNAs) in tuberculosis (TB) and lung cancer (LC), focusing on pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment. CircRNAs, a newly discovered type of non-coding RNA, have emerged as key regulators of gene expression and promising biomarkers in various bodily fluids due to their stability. The current review discusses circRNA biogenesis, highlighting their RNase-R resistance due to their loop forming structure, making them effective biomarkers.

Treadmill exercise training inhibits morphine CPP by reversing morphine effects on GABA neurotransmission in D2-MSNs of the accumbens-pallidal pathway in male mice.

Relapse is a major challenge in the treatment of drug addiction, and exercise has been shown to decrease relapse to drug seeking in animal models. However, the neural circuitry mechanisms by which exercise inhibits morphine relapse remain unclear. In this study, we report that 4-week treadmill training prevented morphine conditioned place preference (CPP) expression during abstinence by acting through the nucleus accumbens (NAc)-ventral pallidum (VP) pathway.

The different cell-specific mechanisms of voluntary exercise and forced exercise in the nucleus accumbens.

Physical inactivity is a global epidemic. People who take the initiative to exercise will feel pleasure during the exercise process and stick with it for a long time, while people who passively ask for exercise will feel pain and cannot stick with it. However, the neural mechanisms underlying voluntary and forced exercise remain unclear.

Chronic restraint stress-induced depression-like behavior is mediated by upregulation of melanopsin expression in C57BL/6 mice retina.

Background: Depression is associated with circadian disturbances in which melanopsin was a key mechanism. Further studies have demonstrated that melanopsin gene variations are associated with some depressive disorders and aberrant light can impair mood through melanopsin-expressing retinal ganglion cells (mRGCs). The goal of this study was to explore the direct relationship between depression and melanopsin.

Identification of RNU44 as an Endogenous Reference Gene for Normalizing Cell-Free RNA in Tuberculosis.

Background: Normalization of cell-free RNA (cf-RNA) concentration can be affected by variable experimental conditions and thus impact the performance of their diagnostic potential. Our study aimed to identify appropriate endogenous reference genes for cf-RNA biomarker evaluation in the diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB).

Methods: Subjects consisting of patients with TB with and without malignancy, patients with pneumonia, and healthy controls were recruited.

Ketamine induces rapid antidepressant effects via the autophagy-NLRP3 inflammasome pathway.

Background: Sub-anesthetic ketamine has rapid-onset effects for the treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD). However, the mechanism underlying ketamine's antidepressant properties remains unclear. Recent studies have reported an interrelationship between autophagy and the inflammasome, both of which are involved in the pathophysiology of MDD.

Prevalence and surveillance of tuberculosis in Yemen from 2006 to 2018.

Tuberculosis is a major public health issue in Yemen, a country located at the southwestern tip of the Arabian Peninsula, while the situation of tuberculosis had been further exacerbated since the war started in 2015. The objective of this study is to investigate the incidence of tuberculosis in Yemen before the outbreak of COVID-19, from 2006 to 2018. During the 13-year period, 92 482 patients were enrolled in the TB programme records from the 22 governorates.

Genome-Wide Screening and Characterization of Genes Involved in Response to High Dose of Ciprofloxacin in .

The global emergence of antibiotic resistance, especially in Gram-negative bacteria, is an urgent threat to public health. Inevitably, considering its extensive use and misuse, resistance toward ciprofloxacin has increased in almost all clinically relevant bacteria. This study aimed to investigate the transcriptome changes at a high concentration of ciprofloxacin in .

Retinol-binding protein 4 in combination with lipids to predict the regression phenomenon of autism spectrum disorders.

Background: About 20-40 % of autistic people experience a phenomenon of regression. Retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4) plays an important role as an inflammatory neurotrophic adipokine and is a promising mediator of the fat-brain axis. Abnormal fatty acid metabolism and lipid mediators have been reported to be related to the etiological mechanism in autism, and amelioration of impaired lipid metabolism can be recognized as a treatment strategy for autism.

TNIK influence the effects of antipsychotics on Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.

RationaleTraf2- and Nck-interacting kinase (TNIK), a member of germinal center kinase (GCK) family, has been implicated as a risk factor in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder as well as the action of antipsychotics. TNIK is an essential activator of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway which has been identified involved in the mechanism underlying the effects of antipsychotics. Thus, the effects of TNIK on antipsychotics may be achieved by influencing Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway proteins.

Protocol for a pharmacogenomic study on individualised antipsychotic drug treatment for patients with schizophrenia.

Background: Schizophrenia is a severe and complex psychiatric disorder that needs treatment based on extensive experience. Antipsychotic drugs have already become the cornerstone of the treatment for schizophrenia; however, the therapeutic effect is of significant variability among patients, and only around a third of patients with schizophrenia show good efficacy. Meanwhile, drug-induced metabolic syndrome and other side-effects significantly affect treatment adherence and prognosis.

Screening of 20 Mycobacterium tuberculosis sRNAs in plasma for detection of active pulmonary tuberculosis.

Background: Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) sRNAs are abundant. However, the level of MTB sRNA in peripheral blood remains elusive.

Methods: Twenty MTB sRNAs annotated in the reference genome of H37Rv were detected in the plasma of 170 active pulmonary tuberculosis patients and 124 healthy people by qRT-PCR detection system.

An independent, replicable, functional and significant risk variant block at intron 3 of for schizophrenia.

Objectives: Genome-wide association studies have identified a significant risk gene, , for schizophrenia. In this study, we comprehensively investigated a large set of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to identify the replicable risk alleles for schizophrenia and explore their biological functions.

Methods: One Jewish (1044 cases vs 2052 controls), one European (1350 cases vs 1378 controls) and one exploratory African American samples (98 cases vs 20 controls) were analyzed to identify replicable single-nucleotide polymorphism-schizophrenia associations.

Two Novel Loci of Associated With Antipsychotics Response in Chinese Han Population.

Background: There are great individual differences in the drug responses; however, there are few prognostic drug response biomarkers available. is one of the more extensively examined schizophrenia candidate genes. The purpose of this study was to determine whether can affect antipsychotics response in the Chinese population.

Replicated risk variants for major psychiatric disorders may serve as potential therapeutic targets for the shared depressive endophenotype.

Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have reported numerous associations between risk variants and major psychiatric disorders (MPDs) including schizophrenia (SCZ), bipolar disorder (BPD), major depressive disorder (MDD) and others. We reviewed all of the published GWASs, and extracted the genome-wide significant (p<10) and replicated associations between risk SNPs and MPDs. We found the associations of 6 variants located in 6 genes, including L type voltage-gated calcium channel (LTCCs) subunit alpha1 C gene (), that were genome-wide significant ( ) and replicated at single-point level across at least two GWASs.

ZnO nanoparticles inhibit the activity of Porphyromonas gingivalis and Actinomyces naeslundii and promote the mineralization of the cementum.

Background: Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) have been widely studied as bactericidal reagents. However, it is still challenging to use ZnONPs as a root canal sealant to eliminate infecting microorganisms in the root canal system. This study aimed at understanding the antibacterial and biofilm effects of ZnONPs in the infected root canal and their effect on cell function.

Novel biomarkers containing citrullinated peptides for diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus using protein microarrays.

Objectives: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex autoimmune disease characterised by autoantibody production. This study aims to identify biomarkers involving citrullinated peptides that can be used for SLE diagnosis.

Methods: After a negative selection step with serum from healthy controls (HCs), a phage library of 12 peptides was used for three rounds of screening with sera from 30 SLE patients.