Temperature and wind speed help fermentation-sourced microbiota reconstruct the airborne microbiota in the Chinese baijiu fermentation region.

Microorganisms are vital components of airborne particles and are closely linked to human health and industrial processes. As industrialization advances, factories are exacerbating their impact on environmental microbial communities, an area where our understanding remains limited. In this study, we investigated air microorganisms surrounding Chinese baijiu fermentation facilities, aiming to explore the dispersal mechanisms of fermentation-sourced microbiota and their potential impacts on local airborne microbial communities.

Flavor Perception and Formation Mechanism of Empty Cup Aroma in Soy Sauce Aroma Type Baijiu.

The research focused on the distinctive empty cup aroma, with the aim of identifying the key aroma compounds and the formation mechanism of empty cup aroma in soy sauce aroma type baijiu (SSB). The lasting times of SSB is significantly longer than that of other types of baijiu, with an average duration of 28 days. Key compounds such as 2,3-dimethyl-5-ethylpyrazine, phenylethyl alcohol, -cresol, sotolon, benzeneacetic acid were identified in empty cup aroma due to their highest flavor dilution factor.

Conditional knockdown of OsMLH1 to improve plant prime editing systems without disturbing fertility in rice.

Background: High-efficiency prime editing (PE) is desirable for precise genome manipulation. The activity of mammalian PE systems can be largely improved by inhibiting DNA mismatch repair by coexpressing a dominant-negative variant of MLH1. However, this strategy has not been widely used for PE optimization in plants, possibly because of its less conspicuous effects and inconsistent performance at different sites.

Decoding the key compounds responsible for the empty cup aroma of soy sauce aroma type baijiu.

The empty cup aroma in soy sauce aroma type baijiu (SSB) is distinct, but the specific compounds responsible for its unique aroma remain unknown. The aroma characteristics of SSB and the empty cup were investigated using molecular sensory science. Fifty-three and 27 aroma active compounds were identified in SSB and empty cup aroma, respectively.

Applications and Prospects of CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Base Editing in Plant Breeding.

The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/associated protein 9 system (Cas9) has been used at length to optimize multiple aspects of germplasm resources. However, large-scale genomic research has indicated that novel variations in crop plants are attributed to single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Therefore, substituting single bases into a plant genome may produce desirable traits.

Microbial characteristics and metabolite profiles of high-temperature Daqu in different maturation stages.

The maturation period of high-temperature Daqu (HTD) is usually 3-6 months, and the characteristics of HTD at different maturation stages were different. In this study, the microbial characteristics and metabolite profiles of HTD at different maturation stages were revealed with the combination of physicochemical detection, the third generation Pacific Biosciences (PacBio) single-molecule, real-time (SMRT) sequencing technology, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (GC-IMS). Results showed that HTD matured for 6 months (Mix_m6) had higher saccharification power but less culturable thermotolerant bacteria and fungi than HTD matured for 3 months (Mix_m3).

Regulation of Drought and Salt Tolerance by OsSKL2 and OsASR1 in Rice.

Abiotic stresses such as salinity and drought greatly impact the growth and production of crops worldwide. Here, a shikimate kinase-like 2 (SKL2) gene was cloned from rice and characterized for its regulatory function in salinity and drought tolerance. OsSKL2 was localized in the chloroplast, and its transcripts were significantly induced by drought and salinity stress as well as HO and abscisic acid (ABA) treatment.

Enhances Salt Stress Tolerance in Rice.

High salinity seriously affects crop growth and yield. Abscisic acid-, stress-, and ripening-induced (ASR) proteins play an important role in plant responses to multiple abiotic stresses. In this study, we identified a new salt-induced gene in rice () and functionally characterized its role in mediating salt tolerance.

Development of a highly efficient prime editor 2 system in plants.

Low efficiency has seriously restricted the application of prime editing (PE) systems in plants. In this study, we develop an enhanced plant prime editor 2 system, enpPE2, by stacking various optimization strategies, including updating the PE architecture to PEmax and expressing engineered pegRNA with a structured motif under the control of a composite promoter. In T rice plants, enpPE2 exhibits editing frequencies of 64.

A Maize CBM Domain Containing the Protein ZmCBM48-1 Positively Regulates Starch Synthesis in the Rice Endosperm.

Starch directly determines the grain yield and quality. The key enzymes participating in the process of starch synthesis have been cloned and characterized. Nevertheless, the regulatory mechanisms of starch synthesis remain unclear.

from the Maize Gene Family Positively Regulates Drought Tolerance in Transgenic Arabidopsis.

Abscisic acid (ABA)-, stress-, and ripening-induced (ASR) proteins are reported to be involved in drought stress responses. However, the function of maize genes in enhancing drought tolerance is not known. Here, nine maize members were cloned, and the molecular features of these genes were analyzed.

Expression of the maize MYB transcription factor ZmMYB3R enhances drought and salt stress tolerance in transgenic plants.

MYB proteins are major transcription factors that play significant roles in plant defenses against various stresses. However, available information regarding stress-related MYB genes in maize is minimal. Herein, a maize MYB gene, ZmMYB3R, was cloned and functionally characterized.

Genomewide analysis of MATE-type gene family in maize reveals microsynteny and their expression patterns under aluminum treatment.

Multidrug and toxic compound extrusion (MATE) proteins are a group of secondary active transporters, which widely exist in all living organisms and play important role in the detoxication of endogenous secondary metabolites and exogenous agents. However, to date, no systematic and comprehensive study of this family is reported in maize. Here, a total of 49 MATE genes (ZmMATE) were identified and divided into seven groups by phylogenetic analysis.