Individualized rTMS Intervention Targeting Sleep Deprivation-Induced Vigilance Decline: Task fMRI-Guided Approach.

Study Objectives: Sleep deprivation (SD) is prevalent in our increasingly round-the-clock society. Optimal countermeasures such as ample recovery sleep are often unfeasible, and brief naps, while helpful, do not fully restore cognitive performance following SD. Thus, we propose that targeted interventions, such as repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), may enhance cognitive performance recovery post-SD.

Functional Connectivity Alterations During Sleep Deprivation: Investigating Key Brain Regions and Networks.

Background: Sleep deprivation (SD) has emerged as a significant public health concern because of its adverse effects on cognition and behavior. However, the influence of circadian rhythms on SD and brain activities has been less studied. This study employed functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and functional connectivity density (FCD) metrics to investigate the interaction between sleep pressure and circadian rhythms during SD.

Neurological prognosis in surgically treated acute aortic dissection with brain computed tomography perfusion.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to explore the prognostic value of brain computed tomography perfusion (CTP) for postoperative new stroke in acute type A aortic dissection (ATAAD) patients.

Methods: Patients with ATAAD and suspected cerebral malperfusion who underwent brain CTP and surgical repair were retrospectively analysed. Brain perfusion was quantified mainly with the averaged cerebral blood flow.

Prognostic Value of Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and RCA Pericoronary Adipose Tissue CT Attenuation in Patients with Acute Chest Pain.

Rationale And Objectives: Pericoronary adipose tissue (PCAT) CT attenuation of right coronary artery (RCA) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) have prognostic value for major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in patients with coronary artery disease. However, the superior prognostic value between RCA PCAT CT attenuation and NAFLD remains unclear in patients with acute chest pain. This study is to evaluate the prognostic value of NAFLD for MACE, and further assess the incremental prognostic value of NAFLD over PCAT CT attenuation.

Association of Objective Sleep Characteristics and Incident Angina Pectoris: A Longitudinal Analysis from the Sleep Heart Health Study.

Purpose: While prior research has highlighted a significant association between sleep characteristics and angina pectoris (AP) incidence, the link between sleep efficiency (SE) and angina remains unexplored. This study seeks to elucidate the relationship between AP and objectively quantified SE.

Patients And Methods: We examined a cohort of 2990 participants (1320 males and 1670 females; mean age 63.

Cognitive impairment after sleep deprivation: The role of precuneus related connectivity on the intra-individual variability changes.

Objective: Intra-individual variability (IIV) in cognitive performance is thought to reflect the efficiency with which attentional resources are allocated in different circumstances requiring cognitive control. IIV in cognitive performance is associated with the strength of the negative correlation between task-positive network and default mode network (DMN) activity. In this study, we investigated the impact of sleep deprivation (SD) on functional connectivity (FC) between the DMN and psychomotor vigilance task-related network (PVT-RN), and its relationship with IIV in cognitive performance.

Structural abnormalities in the Fronto-Parietal Network: Linking white matter integrity to sustained attention deficits in Schizophrenia.

Schizophrenia is associated with a range of cognitive deficits, among which impairments in sustained attention are particularly significant. Previous research has investigated functional changes in the fronto-parietal network (FPN) related to attentional control in schizophrenia. However, the role of structural connectivity within the FPN in sustained attention deficits remains under-explored.

The restoration ability of a short nap after sleep deprivation on the brain cognitive function: A dynamic functional connectivity analysis.

Aims: The brain function impairment induced by sleep deprivation (SD) is temporary and can be fully reversed with sufficient sleep. However, in many cases, long-duration recovery sleep is not feasible. Thus, this study aimed to investigate whether a short nap after SD is sufficient to restore brain function.

White matter structural topologic efficiency predicts individual resistance to sleep deprivation.

Background: Sleep deprivation (SD) is commonplace in modern society and there are large individual differences in the vulnerability to SD. We aim to identify the structural network differences based on diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) that contribute to the individual different vulnerability to SD.

Methods: The number of psychomotor vigilance task (PVT) lapses was used to classify 49 healthy subjects on the basis of whether they were vulnerable or resistant to SD.

Risk prediction of preoperative acute ischemic stroke in acute type A aortic dissection.

Objectives: To predict preoperative acute ischemic stroke (AIS) in acute type A aortic dissection (ATAAD).

Methods: In this multi-center retrospective study, 508 consecutive patients diagnosed as ATAAD between April 2020 and March 2021 were considered for inclusion. The patients were divided into a development cohort and two validation cohorts based on time periods and centers.

Predicting Attentional Vulnerability to Sleep Deprivation: A Multivariate Pattern Analysis of DTI Data.

Background: Large individual differences exist in sleep deprivation (SD) induced sustained attention deterioration. Several brain imaging studies have suggested that the activities within frontal-parietal network, cortico-thalamic connections, and inter-hemispheric connectivity might underlie the neural correlates of vulnerability/resistance to SD. However, those traditional approaches are based on average estimates of differences at the group level.

Application value of magnetic resonance hydrography of the inner ear in cochlear implantation.

Objective: This study aims to investigate the application value of magnetic resonance (MR) hydrography of the inner ear in cochlear implantation.

Methods: 146 patients were enrolled. MR hydrography and spiral CT examinations for the intracranial auditory canal were performed before surgery, and all imaging results were statistically analyzed in order to explore the application value of MR hydrography of the inner ear in cochlear implantation.

Decreased Regional Cerebral Perfusion at Resting State in Acute Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Resulting From a Single, Prolonged Stress Event.

Rationale And Objectives: This study evaluated the altered regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in resting state in patients with acute posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) 3 months after trauma.

Materials And Methods: The rCBF was measured in 30 patients with acute PTSD and 36 healthy controls.

Results: Survivors with acute PTSD showed decreased rCBF, the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale score correlated negatively with the rCBF, and rCBF at resting state decreased in acute PTSD.

Rosette-forming glioneuronal tumor in the pineal gland and the third ventricle: a case with radiological and clinical implications.

A 39-year-old man presented with more than 20 years history of episodic headache and one year history of dizziness, impaired vision and memory disorders. Computed tomography and Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a cystic mass involving the pineal gland, tectum and the third ventricle and obstruction of the aqueduct. Interestingly, the fourth ventricle was not involved in this case.

Association of TAP1 and TAP2 polymorphisms with the outcome of persistent HBV infection in a northeast Han Chinese population.

Objective: Transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP) plays a central role in a cellular immune response against HBV. Polymorphisms exist at the coding region of TAP and alter its structure and function. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential relationship between polymorphisms of TAP and different outcomes of persistent HBV infection in a Han population in northeastern China.

Monitoring of acute axonal injury in the swine spinal cord with EAE by diffusion tensor imaging.

Purpose: To evaluate the ability of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) to detect and monitor acute axonal injury in swine spinal cord with acute experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE).

Materials And Methods: Magnetic resonance imaging of the cervical spinal cord was performed in vivo at different time points through the onset and progression of EAE using a 3 Tesla clinical scanner. The DTI parameters were calculated in four separate regions of interest at the C2/C3 level.

Combined T2-weighted and diffusion-weighted MRI for diagnosis of urinary bladder invasion in patients with prostate carcinoma.

Purpose: To retrospectively determine the diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) characteristics and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values of prostate carcinoma (PCa) with urinary bladder invasion, and to compare the accuracy of T2-weighted MRI alone and T2 combined with DWI for predicting urinary bladder invasion.

Materials And Methods: Sixty-eight patients with proven PCa were diagnosed with urinary bladder invasion after conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and DWI (b value = 750 sec/mm(2)) examinations. All the 68 cases underwent cystoscopy examination.

Seminal vesicle invasion in prostate cancer: prediction with combined T2-weighted and diffusion-weighted MR imaging.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) in detecting seminal vesicle invasion (SVI). A total of 283 patients underwent conventional MRI and DWI before prostate cancer surgery. The apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values of all PCa foci, SVI and seminal vesicle were measured.

Normalized upper cervical spinal cord atrophy in multiple sclerosis.

Background And Purpose: To find an optimal normalizing factor for upper cervical spinal cord area (UCCA) and to establish whether, in a cross-sectional study, the normalized UCCA correlates better with the neurological disability than the absolute measurement in multiple sclerosis patients.

Methods: UCCA and three potential normalizing factors were estimated from magnetic resonance imaging data in 51 control subjects. Their reliability was assessed and the linear relationships between UCCA and three potential correction factors were investigated.

Diffusion-weighted imaging in normal prostate and differential diagnosis of prostate diseases.

Background: During the past several years, the morbidities of prostate diseases have increased sharply all over the world. Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) is an MR-based technique that probes the function of tissues. We attempt to investigate the diagnostic value of DWI and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) in normal prostate gland and prostate diseases.