Photoelectrocatalytic degradation of hyaluronic acid and regulation effects of its degradation products on gut microbiota in vitro.

Hyaluronic acid (HA) has multiple biological activities which are closely related to its molecular weight. In the present study, the photoelectrocatalytic method was established for HA degradation and the influences of bias potentials, HO additions and reaction times on the degradation results were investigated to optimize the reaction condition. Moreover, a series of analysis methods, such as FT-IR and NMR were used to analyze chemical compositions of the degradation products, revealing that photoelectrocatalytic degradation did not damage the structural blocks of HA obviously.

Constructing core-shell structured CoO-MnWO composite photoelectrode with superior PEC water purification performance.

Semiconductor photoelectrocatalytic (PEC) technology is one of the most effective methods for removing organic pollutants from wastewater in advanced oxidation processes(AOPs). The selection of suitable semiconductor materials as photoanodes is a crucial factor for achieving superior PEC performance. Here, a core-shell structured CoO-MnWO architecture is created by enveloping MnWO nanoparticles onto the surface of CoO nanowires through a two-step hydrothermal process.

Emerging Data Processing Methods for Single-Entity Electrochemistry.

Single-entity electrochemistry is a powerful tool that enables the study of electrochemical processes at interfaces and provides insights into the intrinsic chemical and structural heterogeneities of individual entities. Signal processing is a critical aspect of single-entity electrochemical measurements and can be used for data recognition, classification, and interpretation. In this review, we summarize the recent five-year advances in signal processing techniques for single-entity electrochemistry and highlight their importance in obtaining high-quality data and extracting effective features from electrochemical signals, which are generally applicable in single-entity electrochemistry.

Structure-activity relationship of Caulerpa lentillifera polysaccharide in inhibiting lipid digestion.

Caulerpa lentillifera polysaccharide (CLP) has been characterized as a sulfated polysaccharide which can effectively inhibit lipid digestion. However, little information was known regarding its inhibitory mechanisms. In the present study, desulfation and degradation were conducted to prepare the derivatives of CLP, and a series of chemical and spectroscopic methods were used to elucidate the structure-activity relationship of CLP on the inhibitory effect of lipid digestion.

Unlocking a Type-II CoO@BiVO Heterostructure for Wastewater Purification.

Developing a semiconductor-based heterostructure photoanode is crucial in improving the photoelectrocatalytic (PEC) efficiency for degrading refractory organic pollutants. Nevertheless, the PEC performance of the photoanodes is usually restricted by electron/hole pair recombination, oxygen evolution, and slow electron transfer. Herein, a novel CoO@BiVO nanowire array film (Ti/CoO@BiVO) with n-type semiconductor characteristics was prepared via a straightforward hydrothermal method.

Orally administrated fucoidan and its low-molecular-weight derivatives are absorbed differentially to alleviate coagulation and thrombosis.

Thrombosis is a serious threat to human health and life. Fucoidan, a sulfated polysaccharide from brown algae, could prevent coagulation and thrombus after intravenous administration. However, more efforts are still needed to develop its oral agent.

Unveiling Hierarchical Dendritic CoO-SnO Heterostructure for Efficient Water Purification.

The construction of a desirable, environmentally friendly, and cost-effective nanoheterostructure photoanode to treat refractory organics is critical and challenging. Herein, we unveiled a hierarchical dendritic CoO-SnO heterostructure via a sequential hydrothermal process. The time of the secondary hydrothermal process can control the size of the ultrathin SnO nanosheets on the basis of the Ostwald solidification mass conservation principle.

Structural characterization of a fucoidan from Ascophyllum nodosum and comparison of its protective effect against cellular oxidative stress with its analogues.

In the present study, a fucoidan fraction (ANP-3) was isolated from Ascophyllum nodosum, and the combined application of desulfation, methylation, HPGPC, HPLC-MS, FT-IR, GC-MS, NMR, and Congo red test elucidated ANP-3 (124.5 kDa) as a triple-helical sulfated polysaccharide constituted by →2)-α-Fucp3S-(1→, →3)-α-Fucp2S4S-(1→, →3,6)-β-Galp4S-(1→, →3,6)-β-Manp4S-(1→, →3,6)-β-Galp4S-(1→，→6)-β-Manp-(1→, →3)-β-Galp-(1→, α-Fucp-(1→, and α-GlcAp-(1→ residues. To better understand the relationship between the fucoidan structure of A.

Characterization and Gel Properties of Low-Molecular-Weight Carrageenans Prepared by Photocatalytic Degradation.

Low-molecular-weight carrageenan has attracted great interest because it shows advantages in solubility, absorption efficiency, and bioavailability compared to original carrageenan. However more environment-friendly and efficient methods to prepare low-molecular-weight carrageenan are still in great need. In the present study, a photocatalytic degradation method with only TiO has been developed and it could decrease the average molecular weight of κ-carrageenan to 4 kDa within 6 h.

ACE inhibitory activities of two peptides derived from Volutharpa ampullacea perryi hydrolysate and their protective effects on HO induced HUVECs injury.

The purpose of this study is to explore the effects of IVTNWDDMEK and VGPAGPRG, two angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory peptides purified from Volutharpa ampullacea perryi, on ACE's two domains and on nitric oxide (NO), endothelin-1(ET-1) production in human vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs). In addition, we sought to investigate the effects of these two peptides on HUVECs injury induced by HO. The results indicated that the inhibition of the ACE C-domain was significantly higher than that of the ACE N-domain by these two peptides.

Preparation, Characterization, and Antioxidant Properties of Phycocyanin Complexes Based on Sodium Alginate and Lysozyme.

In this study, phycocyanin-sodium alginate/lysozyme complex (PC-SLC) was prepared for the first time and characterized by UV spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and circular dichroism spectroscopy (CD). The stability of PC-SLC under light, temperature, pH and simulated gastrointestinal fluid was investigated. The scavenging ability of the complexes against DPPH and ABTS radicals was determined.

Preparation of Low-Molecular-Weight Fucoidan with Anticoagulant Activity by Photocatalytic Degradation Method.

It is a challenge to degrade sulfated polysaccharides without stripping sulfate groups. In the present study, a photocatalytic method was applied to degrade fucoidan, a sulfated polysaccharide from brown algae. The degradation with varying addition amounts of HO and TiO were monitored by high performance gel permeation chromatography (HPGPC) and thin layer chromatography (TLC), and fucoidan was efficiently degraded with 5% TiO and 0.

Study on the domain selective inhibition of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) by food-derived tyrosine-containing dipeptides.

In this article, the selective inhibition of several tyrosine-containing dipeptides on N and C domain of ACE (angiotensin-converting enzyme) was studied, and the interaction mode of ACE and inhibitors was simulated by molecular docking. MTT assay was used to detect the effect of dipeptide on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). The results showed that the food-derived dipeptides AY (Ala-Tyr), LY (Leu-Tyr), and IY (Ile-Tyr) containing tyrosine at the C-terminal were favorable structures for selective inhibition of ACE C-domain.

Engineering Cationic Sulfur-Doped CoO Architectures with Exposing High-Reactive (112) Facets for Photoelectrocatalytic Water Purification.

Promoting the generation of intermediate active species (superoxide radical (O)) is an important and challenging task for water purification by photoelectrocatalytic (PEC) oxidation. Herein, we have constructed hierarchical cationic sulfur-doped CoO architectures with controllable morphology and highly exposed reactive facets by introducing l-cysteine as a capping reagent and sulfur resource via a one-step hydrothermal reaction. The as-obtained cationic sulfur (1.

Fabrication of graphene oxide wrapped Ti/CoO nanowire photoanode and its superior photoelectrocatalytic performance.

Here, we successfully fabricated graphene oxide (GO) wrapped Ti/CoO nanowires (NWs) by electrophoretic deposition based on the good dispersibility of GO in an aqueous solution. Interestingly, GO can adhere to the surface of CoO NWs via an ultrathin gossamer-like sheet, and the coverage and wrapping of GO on the surface of CoO NWs can be controlled by tuning the electrochemical deposition time and voltage. Our results also demonstrate that GO wrapped CoO NWs had superior photoelectrochemical activity for the decolorization of dye (reactive brilliant blue KN-R) in wastewater, mainly because the introduction of GO can tune the oxygen evolution behavior, the transportation of reactant and induced carriers, electrochemical active areas, and the light-harvesting capability of CoO NWs.

Structural characterization and anticoagulant activity of two polysaccharides from Patinopecten yessoensis viscera.

In the present study, two polysaccharides, SVP2-1 and SVP2-2, were isolated from Patinopecten yessoensis viscera and purified by using DEAE-52 cellulose and Sepharose CL-6B. Both SVP2-1 and SVP2-2 could extend activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and thrombin time (TT) and inhibit the transformation of fibrinogen into fibrin (FIB) concentration-dependently, indicating they inhibited clotting and thrombin through intrinsic and common pathways. Of note, SVP2-2 had stronger anticoagulant activity than SVP2-1, and its backbone was determined as →6)-α-Manp (1 → 2)-α-Galp(1 → with Xyl or Glc substituted at C4 of Gal.

Black TiO nanotube arrays fabricated by electrochemical self-doping and their photoelectrochemical performance.

Herein, black TiO nanotube arrays (NTAs) were fabricated using electrochemical self-doping approaches, and characterized systemically by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV-visible absorption spectroscopy and photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL). The as-obtained black TiO nanotube arrays (NTAs) exhibited stronger absorption in the visible-light region, a better separation rate of light-induced carriers, and higher electrical conductivity than TiO nanotube arrays (NTAs). These characteristics cause black TiO nanotube array (NTA) electrodes to have higher photoelectrocatalytic activity for degrading anthraquinone dye (reactive brilliant blue KN-R) than the TiO nanotube array (NTA) electrode.

Separation and Characterization of Antioxidative and Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitory Peptide from Jellyfish Gonad Hydrolysate.

The gonad of jellyfish (), containing high protein content with a rich amino acid composition, is suitable for the preparation of bioactive peptides. Jellyfish gonad was hydrolysed with neutral protease to obtain jellyfish gonad protein hydrolysate (JGPH), which was then purified sequentially by ultrafiltration, gel filtration chromatography, and RP-HPLC. The peptides were characterized with HPLC-MS/MS.

Characteristic oligosaccharides released from acid hydrolysis for the structural analysis of chondroitin sulfate.

Because the glycosidic linkage of uronic acid is most resistant to acid, oligosaccharides may be formed during the acid hydrolysis of acidic polysaccharides. To take chondroitin sulfate (CS) as an example of acidic polysaccharides, the present study characterized the oligosaccharides released through acid hydrolysis and demonstrated their usefulness for structural confirmation. Acid hydrolysates of commercial standard CSs from shark cartilage and porcine bone were elucidated using HPLC-MS after 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone (PMP) derivatization, and altogether 11 di-, tri- and tetra-saccharides with or without sulfate/acetyl groups were identified by their multi-stage mass spectra.

Omics-prediction of bioactive peptides from the edible cyanobacterium Arthrospira platensis proteome.

Background: Bioinformatics approaches are widely used to evaluate the prospects of novel protein sources in bioactive peptide research. Edible cyanobacteria are considered as potential protein precursors. However, the abundance of unicellular cyanobacterial proteins is largely unknown and highly dynamic according to the cultivation conditions, which need to be considered in this research field.

Quantification and comparison of acidic polysaccharides in edible fish intestines and livers using HPLC-MS/MS.

Fish intestines and livers are usually considered as delicious and nutritious food in China. Acidic polysaccharides are important nutrients in these food of animal origin, but there is currently little information regarding their quantitative distributions. The present study demonstrated a method to quantify acidic polysaccharides simultaneously by analyzing their disaccharides produced from the acid hydrolysis using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry.

Structural investigation of a uronic acid-containing polysaccharide from abalone by graded acid hydrolysis followed by PMP-HPLC-MSn and NMR analysis.

A new strategy was applied to elucidate the structure of a polysaccharide from abalone gonad (AGSP). It was hydrolyzed by 0.05 M, 0.