Choline metabolism modulates cyclic-di-GMP signaling and virulence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a macrophage infection model.

Background: Bacterial pathogens frequently encounter host-derived metabolites during their colonization and invasion processes, which can serve as nutrients, antimicrobial agents, or signaling molecules for the pathogens. The essential nutrient choline (Cho) is widely known to be utilized by a diverse range of bacteria and may undergo conversion into the disease-associated metabolite trimethylamine (TMA). However, the impact of choline metabolism on bacterial physiology and virulence remains largely unexplored.

LRP11-AS1 mediates enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis-related carcinogenesis in colorectal Cancer via the miR-149-3p/CDK4 pathway.

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are critical in tumorigenesis and show potential for tumor diagnosis and therapy. Enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis (ETBF), known for producing enterotoxins, is implicated in human gut tumorigenesis, yet the underlying mechanisms are not fully elucidated. This study aims to clarify the molecular mechanisms by which lncRNAs contribute to ETBF-induced tumorigenesis, with a focus on LRP11-AS1's role in modulating ETBF's colorectal carcinogenesis.

Landscapes and mechanisms of CD8 T cell exhaustion in gastrointestinal cancer.

CD8 T cells, a cytotoxic T lymphocyte, are a key component of the tumor immune system, but they enter a hyporeactive T cell state in long-term chronic inflammation, and how to rescue this depleted state is a key direction of research. Current studies on CD8 T cell exhaustion have found that the mechanisms responsible for their heterogeneity and differential kinetics may be closely related to transcription factors and epigenetic regulation, which may serve as biomarkers and potential immunotherapeutic targets to guide treatment. Although the importance of T cell exhaustion in tumor immunotherapy cannot be overstated, studies have pointed out that gastric cancer tissues have a better anti-tumor T cell composition compared to other cancer tissues, which may indicate that gastrointestinal cancers have more promising prospects for the development of precision-targeted immunotherapy.

In vitro activity of tetracycline analogs against multidrug-resistant and extensive drug resistance clinical isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Background: Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) has become a big threaten to global health. The current strategy for treatment of MDR-TB and extensive drug resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) is with low efficacy and high side effect. While new drug is fundamental for cure MDR-TB, repurposing the Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drugs represents an alternative soluation with less cost.

TGF-β Pathways Stratify Colorectal Cancer into Two Subtypes with Distinct Cartilage Oligomeric Matrix Protein (COMP) Expression-Related Characteristics.

Background: Colorectal cancers (CRCs) continue to be the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. The exact landscape of the molecular features of TGF-β pathway-inducing CRCs remains uncharacterized.

Methods: Unsupervised hierarchical clustering was performed to stratify samples into two clusters based on the differences in TGF-β pathways.

Pooled Sampling is an Efficient and Economical Strategy for SARS-CoV-2 Detection in Low-Prevalence Areas.

Background: Corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a severe acute respiratory disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Different pooling testing strategies have been applied for the detection of SARS-CoV-2. However, the discrepancies among different pooling strategies are still to be explored.

[Analysis of glycan ratio of Chinese hamster ovary cell-cetuximab antigen-binding segment via rapid enzyme digestion with endo---acetylglucosaminidase F].

The -glycosylation of proteins is a typical post-translational modification. Compared with other monoclonal antibodies, -glycosylation modification in cetuximab is more complicated. Because cetuximab contains two -glycosylation sites, one is located on the antigen-binding fragment (Fab) and the other is on the crystallizable fragment (Fc) of the heavy chain (HC).

Developing a medium combination to attain similar glycosylation profile to originator by DoE and cluster analysis method.

Glycosylation is critical for monoclonal antibody production because of its impact on pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Modulation of glycan profile is frequently needed in biosimilar development. However, glycosylation profile is not a single value like that of cell culture titer, hence making it challenging for the Design of Experiment (DoE) methodology to be directly applied.

Similarity assessment by multivariate statistics method based on the distance between biosimilar and originator.

The development of biosimilar products or follow-on biologics has been flourishing in recent years because of their lower price than the originators. In this study, a multivariate data analysis method based on JMP software was proposed to assess the glycosylation pattern similarity of antibody candidates from different conditions in optimization experiments with a reference. A specific distance was generated by this method and indicated the glycoform similarity between the biosimilar and the reference.

Microarray analysis of altered long non-coding RNA expression profile in liver cancer cells treated by ginsenoside Rh2.

Microarray expression profiles of lncRNAs and mRNAs were investigated in HepG2 cells treated with 20 μg/ml ginsenoside Rh2 as well as in ginsenoside Rh2-untreated cells. Microarray analysis showed 618 upregulated lncRNAs and 161 downregulated lncRNAs in HepG2 cells treated with ginsenoside Rh2 compared with the control group. Moreover, three differentially expressed lncRNAs were validated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR).

Up-regulation of the tumor promoter Glyoxalase-1 indicates poor prognosis in breast cancer.

Glyoxalase 1 (Glo1) is an enzyme that plays a role to metabolize and inactivate methylglyoxal. Previous studies also have confirmed that Glo1 is closely related with tumorigenesis, metastasis, and drug-resistant, but its prognostic value in breast cancer has never been explored. In this study, we investigated the expression of Glo1 in breast cancer cell lines and tissues using real-time PCR, western blot and immunohistochemical analysis.

[Nucleotide sequence analysis for a new HLA-B allele HLA-B*13:01:06*].

Objective: To confirm a new allele HLA-B*13:01:06 and analyze its nucleotide sequence.

Methods: Genomic DNA was extracted using a Qiagen DNA extraction kit. Nucleotide sequences of HLA-A, HLA-B, HLA-C and HLA-DRB1 were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction-sequence based typing (PCR-SBT).

[A novel human leukocyte antigen-A*33:44 allele revealed by sequence analysis].

Objective: To analyze the sequence of a novel human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-A*33:44 allele.

Methods: A novel HLA-A allele was found by double-stranded sequencing combined with single-stranded sequencing. The frequency of the novel allele was determined by population survey.

[Full sequence analysis for a null allele of MICA gene (MICA*063N)].

Objective: To analyze the full nucleotide sequence of a null allele of major histocompatibility complex class I chain-related gene (MICA).

Methods: A sequence-based typing method was used to determine the nucleotide sequence of the MICA gene. Potential alleles were identified with a computer program.

Distribution of MICA haplotypes in a Chinese Han population.

The MICA gene encodes nonclassical major histocompatibility complex class I molecules, centromeric to HLA-B and telomeric to HLA-DRB1. The MICA genes are polymorphic. The immune response against MICA may correlate with a decrease in graft survival after transplantation.

Human platelet lysate supports ex vivo expansion and enhances osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells.

MSCs (mesenchymal stem cells) with their versatile growth and differentiation potential are ideal candidates for use in regenerative medicine and are currently making their way into clinical trials, which requires the development of xeno-free protocols for their culture. In this study, MSCs were cultured in 10% FCS or 7.5% HPL (human platelet lysate)-supplemented media.

[Preparation of doxorubicin encapsulated in amphiphilic polysaccharide nanoparticles and anti-hepatocarcinoma effect thereof].

Objective: To investigate the sustained release rule of doxorubicin/polylactide-grafted dextran copolymer (DOX/DEX-PLA) nanoparticles and the effect thereof in killing hepatocarcinoma cells.

Methods: DOX/DEX-PLA nanoparticles were prepared by method of emulsification & evaporation of organic solvent. Its morphology was observed by transmission electron microscopy and the encapsulating efficiency of DOX was determined by ultraviolet spectrophotometry.

Genetic recombinant expression and characterization of human augmenter of liver regeneration.

Aims: To establish a highly effective prokaryotic recombinant expression system for human augmenter of liver regeneration (hALR) and to characterize the recombinant hALR both in vitro and in vivo.

Methods: ALR cDNA was synthesized and inserted into expression vector pET28a+, the recombinant plasmid was transformed into BL21, and expression of hALR was induced by IPTG. Recombinant hALR (rhALR) was purified by sequential detergent wash, enterokinase (EK) digestion, gel-filtration, and chelating chromatography.